...111356 Class: 2ITMC-02 Date: 05/16/2013 Lecturer: Jeroen Hol Table of contents Introduction 3 What is One-Child policy? 3 Positive impact of One-Child policy 4 Negative impacts of One-Child policy 4 Ageing problem 4 Sex ration imbalance 5 Human rights violation 6 Little Emperor behavior and Heavy Burden 6 Conclusion 7 Reference: 8 Appendix: 9 Introduction Today, China is comforted the largest country in the world. The population of China is 1,354,040,000, which is confirmed by Chinese government in January 2013. China as the most populous country in the world has formulated a great national policy for population for population controlling, which is called One-Child policy, in 1970s last century. This great population policy has made big efforts on controlling Chinese population. Undoubtedly, One-Child policy has made historical contribution on the development of China in 34 years. Although Chinese One-Child policy controls the population growth effectively and contributes to Chinese economic development at the initial periods of implementing this policy, the One-Child policy still generates more and more negative impacts on current development in China. What is One-Child policy? During the administration of Chairman Mao Zedong, the crude birth rate decreased from 37 to 20 per thousand (Appendix, figure 1), infant mortality rate reduced sharply from 200 per thousand...
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...One Child Policy China What is the Policy? In the late 1970’s the Chinese government decided to introduce a number of measures to reduce the country’s birthrate and slow down the mass population growth. One of the greatest and most successful policies was the “One Child Policy”. This policy involves a couple only being allowed one child per family. In 1950 the rate of population change in China was 1.9%, an increase of around 1% would mean that the population would double in less than 24 years. The policy was established by the Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping in 1979, at first this was a temporary measure to limit childbirths but has been continued ever since. At first when the policy was introduced there were two major concerns, how it would affect the booming economy and society in general? Why was it introduced? When the “One Child Policy” was brought into action in 1979 China’s population was 975.4 million people, in 2012 the population of China is around 1.34 billion, this is a growth of 138%. Although this seems a lot China is slowly slowing down their population growth especially compared to India’s which has had a 180% increase. The most recent peak in fertility rates in China was in the late 1960’s when it was 5.91. When the “One Child Policy” was introduced the fertility rate of Chinese women was 2.91 and the country had to slow this down, as they would not have enough resources and a structured infrastructure for the country to keep growing. Previous...
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...China's population The most surprising demographic crisis A new census raises questions about the future of China’s one-child policy May 5th 2011 | BEIJING | The Economist * * DOES China have enough people? The question might seem absurd. The country has long been famous both for having the world’s largest population and for having taken draconian measures to restrain its growth. Though many people, Chinese and outsiders alike, have looked aghast at the brutal and coercive excesses of the one-child policy, there has also often been a grudging acknowledgment that China needed to do something to keep its vast numbers in check. But new census figures bolster claims made in the past few years that China is suffering from a demographic problem of a different sort: too low a birth rate. The latest numbers, released on April 28th and based on the nationwide census conducted last year, show a total population for mainland China of 1.34 billion. They also reveal a steep decline in the average annual population growth rate, down to 0.57% in 2000-10, half the rate of 1.07% in the previous decade. The data imply that the total fertility rate, which is the number of children a woman of child-bearing age can expect to have, on average, during her lifetime, may now be just 1.4, far below the “replacement rate” of 2.1, which eventually leads to the population stabilising. Slower growth is matched by a dramatic ageing of the population. People above the age of 60 now represent...
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...Fancheng Wang Professor Steven Cassedy MMW 22 A10 March 16, 2012 One-child Policy in China China’s one-child policy, one of the most controversial policies, has been intensely changing China’s social structure since 1979. This policy worked as a milestone on controlling the mass amount of population and had a profound impact on all aspects of Chinese’s life. Apparently, it decelerates the growth rate of population; otherwise, there could be 23 million newborns in China annually (Shanor 53). To some extent, this policy relieves a comparative land shortage under the mass population in the countryside (Davin 65). In addition, it raises the average level of education and health care in the city because parents are likely to put more effort into taking care of the only child in the household (Kane 109). Despite its marvelous success in both the city and countryside, some scholars are concerned with the side effects tied to this policy, such as “little emperors”, labor force shortage and an aging society, which will only escalate in the future (Shanor 54). Although this policy impact on people's lives are good or bad cannot draw a conclusion, but through some social problems, it is not hard to foresee the future of this policy having negative influence on the only-child’s different stages of age. Since the first generation of children under this policy have already reached their thirties and have become part of the mainstream society, these side effects have gradually impacted...
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...Businessweek is a well respected industry publication. What the article will do is cause you to question a few of your thoughts on how you will address the wk 6 assignment. Controversy is a great way to make one think! Hamlin, Kevin. (2001, 8 Sept). China’s One-Child Policy Is Crippling Industry: Low-margin businesses are suffering from a shrinking labor pool and rising costs. Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved from http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/chinas-onechild-policy-is-crippling-industry-09082011.html China’s One-Child Policy Is Crippling Industry: Low-margin businesses are suffering from a shrinking labor pool and rising costs. [pic] By Kevin Hamlin Lin Chang Jie is battling to save his family’s business, which makes towels, cushions, and robes in the eastern Chinese city of Ningbo. The main threat he faces is a dwindling supply of workers, which forces him to pay higher wages. “I have to find a new way,” says Lin, 29, who is attempting to transform his Dejin Textile into an online fashion retailer in order to shrink headcount and keep the business from closing. “Wages are going up, up, up,” he says. “If we don’t like somebody’s work we can’t say anything, in case they leave.” Manufacturers such as Lin are caught in a demographic trap. China instituted a one-child policy in 1979 to constrain population growth and foster prosperity for the next generation. The byproduct of that policy is an accelerating decline in the pool of young and largely unskilled labor that is the...
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...taking a stand are just examples of what shapes a country into what it is today. In china there are many issues that shape it into the populous country it is but one in particular really boomed the way of living in china. The one child policy has become, at least in the west, china’s most controversial family planning policy. During the 1970’s under Mao Tse-thung’s ruling, China’s population was increasing toward a grand total of one billion people. When Mao was ruler, Mao believed that of all things in the world, people are most import. With that being said, Mao at this point had advocated and even rewarded those “model mothers” who would give birth to the most number of children (Chai, 188). After Mao had passed, the next leader would establish the on child policy in 1979. Deng Xiaoping back in 1979 put the one child policy into effect. This was done to limit the population growth in China. The policy strictly allows couples in china to only have one child with a few exceptions in some areas. If couples disobey the law and have a second child, they would be susceptible to heavy large fines. In addition to the fines, they can also lose their jobs and create dishonor on their family name. The thought process behind the one child policy was to limit the number of births. The less people born, there are less mouths to feed and a better chance to prosper in china. According to the book “China A to Z” the population had grown from 500 million people in 1949 to 1.3 billion...
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...Chinas One-child Policy Leads to Forced Abortion, Mothers’ Death China has a policy that only allows couples to only have one child. The only exception is when you live in a rural area. In a rural area you are allowed to have two children if the first one is a girl. There are stiff punishments when the one-child laws are disobeyed. Punishment can include fines, forced abortions, and violence. In Lijin, China a 38-year-old women who was in excellent health hide when 10 people from the local family planning came to her home to forced her to have an abortion. She is later caught and taken by force to the hospital. Her family did not see her until later that day. By five p.m. she was dead. Near Beijing, a woman who was almost full term is forced to have an abortion and photos of her dead baby lying next to her was posted on the Internet. Forced abortion is common in China. Supposedly the violence is not as severe as in the 1980s and 1990s where it was common to be beaten, kidnapped, or killed. The laws are vague on abortion and each of Chinas jurisdictions has their own interpretation on how to deal with abortion. China is the most populated county in the world. The one-child law is to decrease the population. I do not agree with this law. The laws should be clear with no confusion. Couples should be allowed to have more than one child if they want more. Women should be allowed to decide if they would want an abortion or not without fear of experiencing a beaten, abuse...
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...Did you know that the boy to girl ratio in China is skewed? (source 3) In China boys are more favorable than girls due to they can do more and carry the family name. This is from the one child policy in China. In china you can only have one child under this policy with a few exceptions depending on your race and your location. One child policy is a violation of human rights because it defies multiple guaranteed rights from the UN Declaration of Human rights, including Articles 1, 3, and 5. They are violated because you should be able to pursue your happiness and if that means having more than one child then so be it. Before the one child policy in 1955 Officials in China tried to launch a campaign to promote birth control (source 5). Unfortunately...
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...The Economic Impact of the One-Child Policy in China John F. Rodis EMBA International Economics Professor Jim Stodder October 15, 2014 The Economic Impact of the Single-Child Policy in China Thesis Statement: The single-child policy implemented in China more than thirty years ago to slow the rate of population growth, not only had a marginal effect on the growth of the population, but also had the unintended consequence of a long-lasting negative impact on the Chinese economy. Abstract: The Chinese government imposed a single-child policy 34 years ago in response to a rapidly increasing population that was determined to be unsustainable. Last November, the government ended the policy. A careful review of the literature regarding the efficacy of the policy as well as examination of other factors that could have affected population growth was conducted. The result of this review confirmed that the policy—in and of itself--had only a marginal impact on the growth of the Chinese population. However, the policy resulted in a significant change in the demographics of the Chinese population, with the result of China having a significantly older population than many developed nations, but one that aged at a much faster rate. However, unlike these developed nations, neither the Chinese people nor their government is adequately prepared for this rapidly aged population. As a consequence, there will be significant long-lasting negative consequences on the Chinese economy,...
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...In this day and age, China has the most population in the world. This largest number in the world also represents that China has a great number of labor focus. But there are also lots of issues following the huge number of population, such as shortage of resources, limited space and so on. In order to solve these problems, the government of China has to take a series of actions to prevent the population growing too fast. So the governor of China instituted the One-Child policy to restrict the growing population. This policy was introduced in 1979 and initially applied to first-born children in the year of 1979. After more than 30 years carry out, the main goal of this policy was achieved. Under the influence, the growth rate declines apparently. In the 1970s, China’s growth rate was 3 percent; in the mid-1980’s, it was 1.2%; and today, China’s growth rate is 0.7 %”( Jackson & Eleen, 2001). On the other hand, this policy also causes several adverse consequences, including high rate of old-age, increased abortion rate, unexpected change of sex ration. There is no doubt this policy’s affection which is obvious. Even though the Chinese government within the pressure of human rights improvement has relaxed the policy and makes this policy more humanistic but some of people still consider the one child policy impact China in a more negative way. Therefore, I will introduce how does one child policy impact towards Chinese society in the below. On the current situation, even...
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...Introduction 2 Literature review 4 Proponents 4 Opponents 5 Advocate for the two-child policy. 6 Promoting consumption 6 Solving population aging problems 7 Balancing skewed sex ratio 7 Boosting the real estate 8 References 9 Introduction China has resolved to put an end to the three-decade-long one-child policy and each couple are allowed to have two children. Shortly after the announcement of the two-child policy, the article in appendix was written by a professor at Shanghai Academy in China Daily to advocate for the policy. And the target persons are citizens in China who meet the two-child policy requirement. The author used specific statistics to elaborate the population aging problems in current society (Logos). He demonstrated objectively that the two-child policy will benefit China both in the short run and long run and explained the benefits from improving demographic structure problems, boosting development of the service sector, strengthening domestic consumption and increasing innovation (Qu, 2015). The article was published at the right time when the two-child policy has been hotly debated. It would attract attraction of people who focused on this topic. And the author suggested the authorities put the two-child policy into force with assistance of more supportive policies as soon as possible (Kairos). At the beginning of the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the population boom, regarded as a strong basis of economic growth, was encouraged...
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...Janica “Ken” Marie R. Concepcion Sec. A54A 11516992 “The Dying Rooms” The Chinese Government introduced the one-child policy back in 1978 and implanted it in 1980. The cause of implementing this was the high chance of overpopulation in China. Before the one-child policy was implemented, the government encouraged its people to have as many children as they can since it was believed that it will empower the country. Then in the early 1970’s the population of china grew to more than 900 million, it was here that the government started to encourage its citizens to marry at an older age and have only two children. There were many possible future states that could have happened if the Chinese population was not controlled properly. If the population was left uncontrolled many effects that would negatively influence different aspects of the nation. Overpopulation remains the leading driver of hunger, desertification, species depletion and a range of social maladies across the planet (Tal, 2013). Overpopulation is the main cause of these different kind of effects mentioned, there are also other effects that can be applied like future unemployment, family mismanagement, etc. Although there are unpredicted and undesired effects on implementing this policy, many citizens of China has now believed that it was a wise decision. One of the unpredicted and undesired effects of this policy is called “the dying rooms”, where children, mostly girls, are sent to because they were abandoned...
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...In the North as well as Eastern hemisphere Chinas child restriction law is widely known as the One-Child Policy. This policy was issued during the year of 1979, in hopes to slow the progress of a rapidly growing population. The policy was implemented but never fully enforced wideband throughout the country. The law quickly stunted the growth in the more urban areas of China but was not executed in the rural areas leaving them over populated. In the 1980’s the over population of children in the rural areas ultimately left many homeless and striving for food. During this time the law was reintroduced in order to fully gain control of the population; leaving many mothers hopeless for another child. The US Library of National Medicine stated the...
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...Jiangwei Wang Dr. Werner WRT 110 10 May 2014 China Open Up Birth Control Policy Recently years, China’s government has recognized some disadvantages that the One-child Policy resulted, so the government decided to implement a new policy. The one-child Birth Control Policy was established to limit communist China’s population growth. There are both some advantages and disadvantages between China’s old birth control policy and China’s new birth control policy. But generally, it is obvious that the new China birth control policy is adjusted more to modern society than the old China’s birth control policy. The old policy caused some social problems. It restricted economic development. And the new policy could solve some social problems which the One-child Birth Control Policy caused. The One-child Birth Control Policy caused some social problems like sex ratio imbalance and abortion. Both the new policy and the old policy have great effects on population. The One-child Birth Control Policy stipulates people that one parent can only have one child. After the Second World War, China had a population explosion which caused social problems such like food shortage and famine. To resolve this situation, China’s government decided to establish a policy to limit the population growth which is China’s birth control policy. China successfully controlled its population growth after they stipulate that policy. In 2013, the China’s government decided to implement a new birth control...
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...in China now facing serious issue due to having “One Child Policy” since 1980. “China has announced that it will abandon its one-child policy. The decision appears to have been driven by concerns that the country's low fertility rate would create a crisis that eventually could threaten the legitimacy of Communist Party rule.” Reported by Adam Taylor reporter of The Washington Post. Authorities raiding the house, demanding for abortion and sterilization if parent have already one child. Relatives and Family member who knew of these and did not report were jailed. Cases of force abortions by authorities were there till early 2013. These medical people on another hand who performed such operation and sterilization on women found amateurish leaving women with many of the side effects. Society where parent expect boy child only so they would have support when they are aged, lead at least 1 million babies get killed mostly girl. These have created remarkable effect on ratio of men outnumbered by women. It is expected to be surplus of 40 million to 50 million bachelors in China by mid to late 21th century. What will be the feature of senior people who have pulled all their faith in their only individual child and child meets haven before their parent does. More importantly who will take care of such parents whose child gets haven before they does? Such series of question among many families and slow rate of birth for survival of China cultivate necessity to have second child. ...
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