...Laws of Electrolysis Faraday's laws of electrolysis In 1833 M. Faraday studied the quantitative aspects of electrolysis, and postulated two laws named after him.Faraday's First Law of Electrolysis This law states: The mass of any substance deposited or dissolved at any electrode during electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the solution. Mathematically, if W gram of any material gets deposited or dissolved when Q coulombs of electricity is passed, then W µ Q But Q = I x t Therefore,� W µ I t or W = Z It where, Z is the electrochemical equivalent of the substance. If I = 1 unit (say,1 ampere) and t = 1 unit (say,1 second). Then Z = W, i.e., the electrochemical equivalent of a substance is equal to the mass of that substance deposited or dissolved, when a current of one ampere is passed for one second. The electrochemical equivalents of some common elements are given below. The electrochemical equivalents of some elements Faraday's Second Law of Electrolysis The second law of electrolysis is defined thus: The masses of different substances, liberated or dissolved by the same amount of electricity are proportional to their equivalent masses. Thus, when the same quantity of electricity is passed through a number of electrolytic solutions connected in series, then the masses of the different materials liberated or dissolved at the respective electrodes are in the ratio of their equivalent masses. For example, when...
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...LINEA DEL TIEMPO DE LOS CIENTIFICOS DE LA ELECTRICIDAD Tales de mileto Fue un filosofo griego, fundador de la escuela jónica, considerado como uno de los siete sabios de Grecia. Desde el punto de vista de la electricidad, fue el primero en descubrir que si se frota un trozo de ámbar, este atrae objetos más livianos, y aunque no llego a definir que era debido a la distribución de cargas, si creía que la electricidad residía en el objeto frotado. De aquí se ha derivado el término electricidad, proveniente de la palabra elektron, que en griego significa ámbar, y que la empezó a emplear hacia el año 1600 d. C., el físico y médico ingles Willian Gilbert, cuando encontró esta propiedad en otros muchos cuerpos. Willian Gilbert (1544-1603) se le atribuye realmente el descubrimiento de la electricidad, en un primer estudio científico sobre los fenómenos eléctricos que realizo hacia el año 1600, donde además y por primera vez aplico el término eléctrico a la fuerza que ejercen algunas substancias al ser frotadas. Este científico verifico que muchas substancias se comportaban como el ámbar al ser frotadas, atrayendo objetos livianos, mientras que otras no ejercían atracción alguna, aplicando el término eléctrica a la fuerza que ejercían estas substancias una vez frotadas. Clasificó dichas substancias: llamando a las primeras cuerpos eléctricos y a las segundas aneléctricos Fue el primero en realizar experimentos de electrostática y magnetismo, y quizás su aportación más importante...
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...circuit using symbols as components | Battery | A combination of cells. | Resistor | Used to represent any one of many different components. | Load | Converts electrical energy into other forms of energy. | Current | The movement of charge. Measured in Amperes. | Coulomb (C) | Unit of measurement used to measure Charge (Q). | Ampere (A) | Unit of measurement used to measure Current (I). | Ammeter | An instrument which measures electrical current. | Electricity Potential Energy | Electrical energy which have potential for doing work, but cannot because the circuit is closed. | Volt | The units for potential energy. Joules per coulomb. This unit was named in honour of Count Alessandro Guiseppe Antonia Anastasio Volta (1745-1827). | Voltmeter | An instrument which measures the potential difference between two points in a circuit. | Resistance | Resistance is a property of a substance that hinders motion and converts electrical energy to other forms of energy. | Ohm | Volts per Ampere. The combinations of these units are called ohms. | Ohm’s Law | Any electrical device that has a constant resistance, regardless of potential difference, is called an Ohmic resistor, because it follows Ohm’s law. However, many electrical appliances are not Ohmic because their resistances change when the potential difference across the device is changed. | Watt | Joules per second is renamed watt. |...
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...The objective of this lab is to learn to use resistors and how they are used in series and in parallel. A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit. Electrical current is the rate of charge flowing past a given point in an electric circuit, measured in coulombs/seconds known as amperes. We are using the Ohm’s law (V=IR, V is voltage, I is the current and R is the resistor) to calculate the current of the resistors and the voltage of the resistors. There are different kinds of currents and one that we are going to be using in this lab is direct current. Direct current is when the charge flows in only one direction around the circuit and in a alternating circuit is when the direction of the charge flows changes from moment to moment. When resistors are in series they look like this . When a resistor is in series and we are trying to find the resistance equivalent we use this formula R eq=R1+ R2 . A parallel resistor is when two or more resistors are connected in parallel and it looks like this.... To find the resistance equivalent in a parallel resistor is different than the series in parallel you use this formula, 1Req=1R1+1R2 also it can be simplify to this Req=R1R2R1+R2. All the words we are using in this lab we have learn in class and has been taught to us which will help us more and to understand better the lab. Resistor could be use in many different products we use in our daily lives like in...
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...PHYSICS 205L – S.Y. 2014-2015 * TOPIC 6 * Ohms Law * Kirchhoff's Law * Direct Current Circuit * Current * A current (I) of electricity exists in region when a net electric charge is transported from one point to another in that region. * If a charge is transported through a given cross section of the wire in a time, then the current through the wire is I = q/t. * Where: q is in COULOMBS, t is in SECONDS and I is in AMPERES (1A = 1C/s). * BATTERY * A battery is a source of electrical energy. * If no internal energy losses occurs in the battery then the potential difference between its terminals is called the ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE (emf) of the battery. * The unit for emf is the same as the unit for potential difference, the VOLT. * RESISTANCE * The resistance of wire or other object is a measure of the potential difference that must be impressed across the object to cause a current of one ampere to flow through it. * R = V/I * The unit of resistance is OHMS (Ω), 1Ω = 1V/A. * OHM’s LAW * Ohm’s Law originally contained two parts. * The defining equation for resistance, V = IR, also stated the R is a constant independent of V and I. * The relation V = IR can be applied to any resistor, where V is the potential difference between the two ends of the resistor, I is the current through the resistor, and R is the resistance of the resistor under those conditions. * GEORG SIMON OHM * 1787-1854 ...
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...Criminal Procedure Policy Order and liberty are two areas within criminal procedure that have tension among one another (book). Order is a stronger approach toward the criminal justice system than liberty. Liberty concerns an individual’s rights to due process, which means everybody deserves the same rights when arrested regardless of the circumstances such as poor person versus a rich person. The two models that were developed by Herbert Packer were the crime control model and the due process model (book). Both models have similarities as well as differences and not one is “good” and the other “bad” according to Packer. The two primary goals within the criminal justice system are the need to enforce law and maintain social order and the need to protect people from injustice (defenseinvestigator). The fourth, fifth, sixth, and fourteenth amendments play a signifigant role when analyzing both the due process model and the crime control model. This paper will further explore both models as well as how the models view the fourth, fifth, and sixth amendments and how the fourteenth amendment gives the same rights on a state level as well as federal. Crime Control Model The crime control model is a stern approach to the criminal justice system. As described by Hubert Packer, “the crime control model is like a conveyer belt, moving cases starting from arrest to conviction in a swift and fast process (Book).” Fact finding is what defines this model. If an officer makes an...
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...that breaks the Immigration Law should be punished, even if they are not citizens of the country. According to Perez (2001), “In 1986 Congress passed the Immigration Reform and Control Act that, among other things, granted amnesty to illegal immigrants who could demonstrate continual residence in the United States prior to 1982” (Perez, 2001). Because of this law, millions of illegal immigrants can use this act to become citizens of the United States. | According to Mirram-Webster (2012), “amnesty means that the act of an authority (as a government) by which pardon is granted to a large group of individuals” (Mirram-Webster, 2012). Therefore, amnesty is unfair and unconstitutional because all of the illegal immigrants that come into the United States are pardon after they have violated the laws in this country. Why do we continue to allow these illegal immigrants to go unpunished? If it were some of the U.S. citizens breaking this law they would not be granted amnesty; they would be treated differently, so why illegal immigrants should be pardoned? Robert Byrd (2001), a West Virginia senator, says, “Illegal immigrants who have worked for many years in the United States should not be granted amnesty” (Byrd, 2001). Illegal immigrants who work in the United States should be punished because they do not have green cards or permission from the United States to come to America. Although amnesty is an approved law, many peoples do not agree with this law. On the other hand, some Americans...
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...Few good man Time from time you may hear stories of abuse by the military justice "system". There are multiple destroyed and financially devastated families out there suffering heartbreak and loss at the hands of an uncaring, unfeeling and unjust process which makes a mockery of our Bill of Rights. Military justice for the majority is prefabricated according to the wishes of the local Commander, and the "trial" or "court-martial" is tantamount to a pre-ordained verdict of GUILTY. How could any court proceeding be considered fair when the "convening authority," by right of title, is given the power to select the judge, the jury and defense and prosecution attorneys? It may go "unsaid," but the implication is very clear - if the convening authority "sees fit" to bring about a court-martial, then the accused can be assumed to be guilty. What's special, or even topical, about A Few Good Men movie is it speaks to how military honor can be so readily suborned by the authoritarian impulse. And second, how the same honest pride - not to mention competence - is necessary to bring such posturing would-be tyrants to justice. The main issue the movie touches upon is military justice. A good marine abides by the following code: 1. Unit 2. Corps 3. God and 4. Country For this code to be at its effective best, it must be governed by truth and justice. What happens when truth and justice fail to be active participants of this code? Justice has been defined in many ways...
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...Akhil Kaushal P According to The Transparency International 2006 Corruption Perceptions Index: • Most honest countries – Finland, New Zealand, Iceland, Denmark and Singapore • Most corrupt countries – Haiti, Guinea, Myanmar, Iraq, Bangladesh, Chad, Congo and Sudan • China, Brazil, Ghana, Senegal, Peru, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, India and Egypt all rank in the middle Lack of resources Explosive population growth Need stronger and more effective institutions Lack of democracy Ineffective judiciary Unfair elections Lack of free media From The Bulging Pocket and the Rule of Law: Corruption, Inequality, and Trust Inequality –> Low generalized trust & High in-group trust –> Corruption –> Inequality The dilemma of low trust in strangers and high trust only in your own group Inequality and in-group trust lead to clientelism This pattern is difficult to break Two types of inequality: Economic inequality Unfair legal system Makes it more difficult for the poor to have access to the legal system Shielding people at the top Democratic institutions are not sufficient to curb corruption Media consumption, centralization, federalism, the nature of the electoral system, the level of wages paid to officials also don't matter Structural reforms may not matter much for corruption, however: • Democratic countries are far less corrupt than nondemocracies • Countries with strong democratic...
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...Stand Your Ground Gerald Makey SOC 205 Strayer University The “Stand-your-ground law validates a person in using any physical force including deadly force, when they are not involved in illegal activity and is in a place where he or she has the right be, they have no obligation to haven and have the right to stand their ground. A quick breakdown of this law is that it give a person legal cover in the event that they find themselves in a certain situation in which their survival, or the preservation of their family necessitates them to stand their ground and use a weapon for defense. This law can be referenced back to the Supreme Court case Beard v. United States, 158 U.S. 550 (1895). It is defined in this case that, “A man assailed on his own grounds, without provocation, by a person armed with a deadly weapon and apparently seeking his life is not obliged to retreat, but may stand his ground and defend himself with such means as are within his control; and so long as there is no intent on his part to kill his antagonist, and no purpose of doing anything beyond what is necessary to save his own life, is not guilty of murder or manslaughter if death results to his antagonist from a blow given him under such circumstances (www.justia.com). In Houston, Texas a “Stand-your-ground” case has brought a lot of attention, but also a lot of controversy. In this case Raul Rodriguez was found guilty of killing his neighbor over a dispute over loud music. Rodriguez who was a retired...
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...Jacob Frederick 5-29-12 Buller Composition II Marijuana: Medicine or Menace? I have had strong feelings about this issue before it was even brought up as a topic for debate in our class. My opinion on the topic has not changed in the slightest, but I did learn a lot of interesting details concerning it. I have always felt that marijuana should be legalized, or at the very least, people with serious medical conditions should have access to it. And marijuana doesn’t even have to be legalized in my opinion, but it should definitely be decriminalized. I don’t think anyone who wants to smoke a plant that they grow themselves should have to suffer consequences, considering they are responsible in their recreational smoking. I do feel that if it were legalized, that there should be an acceptable age limit to buy and/or consume marijuana, comparable to that of alcohol. There are beneficial as well as harmful effects concerning marijuana, but that goes for a lot of things people do in everyday life. And I feel that a lot of time has been spent shining the spotlight on the harmful effects of marijuana, while little research has been done or even allowed, on the benefits of marijuana. While preparing for the debate, I encountered many sources on each end of the spectrum; including some in the middle. Many of the sources I looked at seemed rather credible, but others were most definitely biased. One example of a blatantly biased comment was, "Most pot smokers drink alcohol heavily...
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...that shape the decisions people or organisations make(Termpaper warehouse,2012).http://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay-on/Ethics-In-International-Marketing/53994. Today, law suits are filed against erring companies found wanting or in bridge of ethical standards which has increased the need of cautiousness in the way most companies project their image . It summarizes the natural rights and universal values of the equality of all men and women to the law of the land. It also covers concern for the natural environment, health and safety. Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/ethics.html#ixzz28xWPwQco Ethics in marketing are the basic principles that governs the business practice of those involved in promoting their products to or services to consumers(Business dictionary.com). Sound marketing ethics however are those practices that do not impact negatively on the consumers. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/marketing-ethics.html Ethics has always been the bane of moral studies and value and has been in practice since the ancient times. (Napoleon,1804) in his 36 codes of conduct, noted that all citizens in France, irrespective of place of birth or social status is entitled to fair and equal treatment. As a branch of philosophy, ethics deals with established laws that guide human relationship and behaviour with emphasis on good sense of judgement. Scholars like Aristotle identified character as ''ethos'' which he described as the...
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...AL-HELAL Course Title: Administrative Law Class Roll: ZH-26, 4th Batch, 5th Semester Dept. of Public Administration, University of Dhaka. Cell : 01924202090, E-mail : helal_pad_du@yahoo.com RULE OF LAW IN BANGLADESH: AN OVERVIEW ABSTRACT: "No free man shall be taken or imprison or disseized or exiled or in any way destroyed nor will we go or send for him, except under a lawful judgment of his peers and by the law of the land". --MAGNA CARTA This paper is a presentation of the concept of rule of law, Dicey's theory of 'Rule of Law', rule of law in true and modern sense and rule of law in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh context I have discussed the provisions for ensuring rule of law in Bangladesh constitution. I also have discussed the provisions of the constitution, which are contrary to the concept of rule of law in Bangladesh. It has been also identified the difficulties of application of rule of law in Bangladesh. INTRODUCTION One of the basic principles of the English constitution is the rule of law. This doctrine is accepted in the constitution of U.S.A. and also in the constitution of Bangladesh. Now a days rule of law is one of the most discussed subjects of developing countries. Developed countries and donor agencies always instruct the developing countries for sustainable development and good governance. Actually sustainable development and good governance mostly depends on the proper application of rule of law. Laws are made for the welfare of the people...
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...The ethical problem in this situation is that through either negligence, unknowing or some other factor pages marked secret from a document that SFC Sharp certified was destroyed were found wedged in between the wall and his desk and another SGT is trying to get you to cover for him by saying all pages of the document were destroyed IAW AR 380-5. By doing what SGT Day is suggesting you are compromising the army values of; Loyalty: Bear true faith and allegiance to the U.S. Constitution, The Army, Your Unit, and other Soldiers. Duty: Fulfill your obligations. Respect: Treat others as they should be treated Selfless Service: Put the welfare of the nation, the army and your subordinates above your own. Honor: Live up to the army values. Integrity: Do what is right legally and morally. Personal Courage: Face fear, danger, or adversity. You would be breaking all these values because yes loyalty says to be loyal to other soldiers but the Constitution, Army, and your unit all play a part and not knowing what those documents could have been used for you don’t know how it would have harmed everything you pledged to be loyal to when joining the military. It’s your duty to report that secret documents were not properly disposed of just like it was SFC Sharp’s duty to make sure that they were properly destroyed to begin with. With respect you could bring what you found to SFC Sharp to inform him of your intentions. Selfless Service by not reporting the problem because again...
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...Nike, Inc. was founded in 1964 by Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman through an investment of $500 by each individual. Nike, Inc. was then called Blue Ribbon Sports and has evolved from being an importer and distributor of Japanese specialty running shoes to becoming the world leader in the design, marketing, and distribution of athletic footwear. Nike's business model was developed by Knight while attending Stanford Business School in the early 1960's. Knight realized that the United States' consumer appliance and electronic markets were beginning to be dominated by the lower-cost, higher quality Japanese producers. Most of the leading footwear companies were still producing their own shoes in higher-costing companies such as the United States and Germany, and Knight believed that by outsourcing shoe production to lower-cost Japanese producers, Blue Ribbon Sports could undersell its competitors and break into this market. As a result of this model, Blue Ribbon Sports began to import sports shoes from Japan and sales increased to almost $2 million in the early 1970's. Nike employers approximately 25,000 people on worldwide. In addition, approximately 650,000 workers are employed in Nike contracted factories around the globe . Nike owned over 200 Nike Factory Stores and over 100 sales and administrative offices. Many people these days are angered by the steps that corporations take simply to make money, and it is quite disgusting in some of the ways a corporation operates. Rallies...
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