...discovered mainly in their cemeteries. Objects were put into the grave with the body for the use of the spirit in the next life, even though preserving a large number of personal goods as pottery, tools, and weapons. The pottery is often decorated with a painting that reflects the life of the time. Images of birds and animals common to the Nile. Copper was used in small quantities for beads and simple tools, but most things were chipped from stone. Cosmetics made of stone were used for grinding eye paint. Small sculptures and pictures were either carved from ivory and bone or modeled in clay. Old Kingdom Sculpture From the early figures of clay, bone, and ivory in the Predynastic period, Egyptian sculpture developed quickly. By the time of Zoser large statues of the rulers were made as resting places for their spirits. Egyptian sculpture is best described by the terms cubic and frontal. The block of stone was first made rectangular; the design of the figure was then drawn on the front and the two sides. The resulting statue was meant to be seen mainly from the front. Since it was meant to be a timeless image meant to show the essence of the person sculpted, there was no need for it to be sculpted in the side. The Egyptian artist was not interested in showing movement. Standing figures are not shown as if they were walking but rather at rest. From the beginning of the dynastic period human anatomy was understood but given a definite form....
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...in moaning and thus they are seemingly far from human settlement. On the other hand, the other culture is seemingly opposite to the Egyptian culture; this can be observed by the manner in which they have gathered in a room which looks like a church due to the presence of a pulpit. The people are seemingly in a jovial mood as there are people standing on a podium in the hall playing some musical instruments. The people are also seen to emulate death through clothing in various clothes that include skulls and big hats. The society in this culture is evidently mixed due to the interaction between men and...
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...many changes in civilization. Two of the most prominent civilizations to arise were the Ancient Egyptians and Greeks. These two civilizations paved the way and influenced many other cultures. When comparing their art, there are very noticeable differences within the cultures, and you are able to see what they valued and cherished or hated and feared in their different pieces of works. Egypt has a wide variety of art forms, such as painting, sculpturing and architecture. Much of the art found from Ancient Egypt is clearly symbolic in nature and how they viewed life and death. The Egyptians belief in an afterlife is a major contributing factor to much of their art, and is found in tombs where the kings were buried. Sculptures were also a prominent art form in Ancient Egypt with the Egyptians making large sculptures of the people they worshipped. Art from Ancient Greece set the standard for many artists, even by today’s standards. Sculptures made of marble, stones, and metals, such as bronze, played a significant role in the Greek art forms. The Greeks also invented the art of panel painting, in which the artists drew various scenes over different panels to tell stories. These panel paintings were painted on pillars and walls and often told epic tales of heroes and gods. Comparing sculptures from the two civilizations is a good way to see how they differ from each other. The Egyptian sculpture of “Mentuemhet” is 54 inches tall and made of granite. The figure is stiff and very...
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... 1400-1370 BCE. What does this ceremony consist of? Leaping of the bull in which a young man grasped the horn of the bull and vaulted onto its back. What is the medium for this painting? Fresco What is the difference in the depiction of male and female figures? The female are painted in a dark color and the male are in a light color What are distinguishing factors of Cretan figures as manifested here? Long curly hair & proud and self-confident bearing 3. Landscape with swallows (Spring Fresco), from room Delta 2, Akrotiri, Thera, ca. 1650-1625 BCE. Is this the largest and most complete prehistoric example of a pure landscape painting? No Is the environs of Akrotiri rendered realistically? Describe. Yes the painter used vivid colors and undulating lines to capture the essence of nature 4. Marine style octopus flask, from Palaikastro (Crete), ca. 1450 BCE. Describe development and characteristics of Cretan pottery. What is the relationship between the decoration and the shape of this vessel? The marine style vase has dark figures on a light back ground the tentacles of the sea creature reaches out all over the surface of vessel tio fill the shape perfectly 5. Snake goddess, from the palace, Knossos (Crete), ca. 1600 BCE. How does this figure compare to Mesopotamian or Egyptian figures? What is distinctly Cretan? Her breasts are out in the open 6. Harvester's Vase, from Hagia Triada...
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...mausoleums, ruined cities and stone walls, such as theWargaade Wall, are evidence of an old civilization that once thrived in the Somali peninsula.[40][41] This civilization enjoyed a trading relationship with Ancient Egypt and Mycenaean Greece since the second millennium BCE, supporting the hypothesis that Somalia or adjacent regions were the location of the ancient Land of Punt.[40][42] The Puntites tradedmyrrh, spices, gold, ebony, short-horned cattle, ivory and frankincense with the Egyptians, Phoenicians, Babylonians, Indians, Chinese and Romans through their commercial ports. An Egyptian expedition sent to Punt by the 18th dynasty Queen Hatshepsut is recorded on the temple reliefs at Deir el-Bahari, during the reign of the Puntite King Parahu and Queen Ati.[40] The camel is believed to have been domesticated in the Horn somewhere between the 3rd and 2nd millennium BCE. From there it spread to Egypt and North Africa.[43] In the classical period, the city states of Mosylon, Opone, Malao, Avalites, Essina and Tabae developed a lucrative trade network connecting with merchants from Phoenicia, Ptolemaic Egypt, Greece, Parthian Persia, Saba, Nabataea, and theRoman Empire. They used the ancient Somali maritime vessel known as the beden to transport their cargo. The Laas Geel complex on the outskirts of Hargeisa in northwestern Somalia dates back around 5,000 years, and has rock art depicting both wild animals and decorated cows.[35] Other cave paintings are found in the northern Dhambalin region...
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...Compare and contrast essay: Ancient Egypt and Greece The ancient Egyptian and ancient Greek civilizations are two of the oldest known civilizations in our history. The Egyptian civilization, based in the eastern part of North Africa, is believed to have started around 3150 BC and continued till the end of the Pharaoh rule in 31 BC. The ancient Greek civilization is believed to have been in effect from 1100 BC till about 146 BC. Many similarities and differences existed between these two civilizations, as even though they co-existed during a certain timeframe (1150 BC to 146 BC), they were located in different geographical areas. Because of these differences in geography, both these civilizations were subjected to different kinds of exposure, which included contact with other civilization and cultural inheritance. In the political sphere, we find that the Egyptian civilization had stronger emphasis on central authority, while the Greeks had a more decentralized structure, where powers were distributed over the cities and the states as well. As far as art is concerned, we find that the Egyptians were more involved in creating great monumental and gaudy structures, while the Greeks were more involved in creating smaller, more literary pieces of art. One of the biggest reasons why these two civilizations had these differences is due to their geography. The Egyptians had easy access to large stones that they could bring in to their country and use them to erect such monumental...
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...1) The Cave Paintings at the Lascaux Caves created on or around 15,000 - 13,000 BCE are some of the very 1st examples of twisted perspective. The Cave which is Identified by sections; The great hall of bulls, The Lateral Passage, The Shaft of the dead man, the chamber of engravings, the painted gallery, and the chamber of felines. The Lascaux Cave Contains more than 2,000 figures which can be grouped into 3 main categories, animals, human figures, and abstract signs. Most of the paintings have been painted on the walls using mineral pigments while others were incised in the stone. There are over 90 paintings of stags. Also represented are; bison, cattle, felines, a bird, a bear, a rhinoceros, and a human. One of the most famous in the cave is of 4 huge black bulls or Auroch’s in the hall of bulls. One of the bulls is over 17 feet long, the largest animal found in cave art. There are many theories surrounding the paintings at Lascaux. Some say that these paintings were a part of some ritualistic way of paying respects or hommage to the animals that they hunted. Maybe it was a record of some of the earliest forms of sacrifice, or maybe even records of actual events of the time. 2) Stonehenge is one of the most impressive wonders of the world. Located in Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England, and created on or around ca. 2550-1600 BC. The unique thing about this structure is It’s made entirely from a stone called sarsen stone. Found in the Preseli Mountains. The stones...
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...Fresco painting is one of the oldest art techniques that was used in the world. The word fresco came from the Greek word: fresko meaning “fresh”. Moreover, this fresco painting is a technique wherein the artist uses fresh plaster as a medium to paint; This painting technique has three types , these are : Mezzo-fresco , fresco secco and Buon fresco. The main technique that I’ll be focusing on is the Buon Fresco. Buon Fresco or sometimes referred as true fresco is the most common method of fresco painting technique in which the artist uses a wet plaster and paints on it while it’s freshly laid on the wall. Buon Fresco consists of the following basic process: first, the artist prepares the illustration that he/she wanted to do which would be transferred through the course of painting. Next, the artist will prepare the plaster by mixing it and then he/she will place or put the wet plaster into the wall. Lastly, while the plaster is still fresh and wet, this is the time where the artist needs to begin his/her painting. The challenge and the disadvantage of this technique is that one must have the speed to complete the artwork before the plaster...
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...of the world, Europe was engaging with an unprecedented variety and depth of cultural exchanges. Looking at the refreshingly exotic forms of foreign art from the point of view of great imperial powers, European artists sought to incorporate the Oriental elements into European society as a means to either strengthen the existing conventions of the society, or to undermine them. One example of this phenomenon was the construction of a street named Rue du Caire as part of the Worlds’ Fair Exposition in Paris in 1889. Another example was the painting titled La Japonaise by Claude Monet in 1876. Both La Japonaise and the Rue du Caire appropriated and modified Eastern artistic elements to meet the imaginations and needs of the French viewers of the 19th century. However, their executions varied because of their respective forms of art as well as the existing perceptions held by West towards the two different societies. Both the painting La Japonaise and the architecture of the Rue du Caire’s appropriated Oriental artistic elements and reproduced them within the context of 19th century France. The art of Egypt and Japan, two exotic cultures that came into contact with France, due to trade and colonial expansion, influenced the choices of the subject matters of the pieces as well as the styles in which they were executed. In the Paris World’s...
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...Pondra Zigler HUMN-303 Professor Elliott October 14, 2012 “Pigments” Pigments are the foundation of all paints, and have been used for thousands of years dating back to prehistoric times. More than 15,000 years ago cavemen began to use colour to decorate cave walls. These colours were called earth pigments - yellow earth, red earth and white chalk. In addition they used carbon black by collecting the soot from burning animal fats. These colours were all that were needed to produce the sensitive and exquisite drawings and stencils which we are still able to see today (Winsor & Newton. 2003). According to Douma, M. (2008), the first paintings ever found were cave paintings. Ancient peoples decorated walls of protected caves with paint made from dirt or charcoal mixed with spit or animal fat. In cave paintings, the pigments were able to stick to the walls because the pigments became trapped in the porous wall and also, because the spit of fat dried and adhered the pigment to the wall. It is hypothesized that the way that the paint was applied was through brushing, smearing (using their fingertips), dabbing and using spraying techniques. Brushes were made from horsehair, and paint spraying (similar to air brushing) was accomplished by blowing paint through hollowed animal bones. Historians found the shoulders of animals, as well as other animal bones in caves stained with color presumed to have been used as mortars for pigment grinding. The pigment was made into...
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...What does the tomb of tutankhamen and its contents show about the Egyptian concern for the afterlife? Tutakhamen's tomb, and the artifacts inside are an indication of the concern the Ancient Egyptians held for the after-life of their king. In 26th Nov. 1922, the English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the virtually intact tomb of a largely unknown pharaoh: Tutankhamen. This was the first, and to date the finest royal tomb found virtually intact in the history of Egyptology. It took almost a decade of meticulous and painstaking work to empty the tomb of Tutankhamen. Around 3500 individual items were recovered. When the Burial Chamber of Tutankhamen was officially opened, on 17 February 1923, the Antechamber had been emptied. It had taken near fifty days to empty the Antechamber; the time required to dismantle and restore the contents of the Burial Chamber including the gilded wooden and the sarcophagus was to be greater, and the work was not completed until November 1930, eight years after the original discovery. One must examine both the tomb itself, and its contents, to see the connection between the tombs and burial rituals and the doctrine of eternal life. The royal tombs were not merely homes in the hereafter for the kings, as are the private tombs of commoners and nobility. Instead the tombs are cosmological vehicles of rebirth and deification as much as houses of eternity. As the king is supposed to become Osiris in a far more intimate way than commoners, he is equipped...
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...(RESEARCH PAPER) HISTORY OF PAINTINGS AND ARTISTS IN THE WORLD ADRIAN M SITCHON PROF. PEREZ 4TH YEAR/BS.HRM/NS (SUBMITTED BY) TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION HISTORY BODY * EASTERN PAINTING * WESTERN PAINTING * 20th-CENTURY MODERN * AND CONTEMPORARY DEFINITION OF TERMS * FAMOUS PAINTERS * AND BIOGRAPHY * Paintings of famous painters CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCE INTRODUCTION: Painting can be done in a variety of media. For example, Oils, Watercolour, Acrylics, Gouache and Tempera. Paints are made from a pigment, and a binder. Binder is relatively cheap, while pigment is much more expensive. Pigments are a colored powder, made from organic or inorganic materials. (This is different than a colorant, which dyes or stains a color.) All paints use the same basic pigments, but the binder changes. The binder for acrylics dries quickly and the paint is more like a plastic than oils which have an oil based binder and dry slowly. Oil Paints are often built up in layers or glazes. The other paints---Watercolour, Acrylics, Gouache, and Tempera---are water-based, meaning the paint can be diluted with water and clean-up can be done with soap and water. Oil paints, on the other hand, require paint thinner to clean brushes. The number and variety of painting techniques is endless. Besides quality of paint, factors affecting color quality include: paint opacity, glossiness of painting surface, lighting, transparency...
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...ancient traditions remain evident, modern Egypt has evolved greatly due to influences of immigrants from other Arab nations. The Egyptians had a lot of designs through the years like: The Ancient Egyptian era, Colonial Egyptian style, Napoleonic and Post Napoleonic Styles. A lot of symbols were associated with the ancient pharaohs era. The beetle is unique because it represents strength and power; it’s also a symbol of protection because the god of sun “Ra” blessed it. Ra was depicted with the body of a man and head of falcon. Ra God who can appear in a lot of forms, depending on the situation at the moment as he...
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...1) The Classic period is from about 500 to 350 b.C. In this period nearly all possible cultural expressions flourished: philosophy, politics, literature, music, painting, sculpture and architecture. 2) The Hellenistic period emerged, approximately, 323-30BC. Beginning after the conquests of Alexander the Great, the period experienced prosperity and progress in the decorative and visual arts, exploration, literature, sculpture, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, and science. The Hellenistic era experienced an age of eclecticism, a new awakening of the diverse knowledge and theories present in Greek culture. Instead of contemplating and debating ideals, logic, extinguished emotion, or consummate beauty, people would explore and analyze reality. 3)The Romans painted directly on the walls of their rooms, and also on portable panels. In Third and Fourth Style wall paintings, we can even see imitations of portable paintings - these are paintings of paintings, as it were. Domestic interiors were claustrophobic - windowless and dark - so the Romans used painted decoration to visually open up and lighten their living spaces. Technical elements of Roman painting include the fresco technique; brightly colored backgrounds; division of the wall into multiple rectangular areas; multi-point perspective; and effects 4)Naturalism in art refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting. The Realism movement of the 19th century advocated naturalism in reaction...
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...Although the establishment of the ancient Egyptian and ancient Chinese civilizations began in two different continents, their development shares many similarities. Like many ancient civilizations, they began near water sources, as water is the most essential substance to human existence. The ancient Egyptian civilization settled near the Nile River, whereas the ancient Chinese civilization settled near the Yellow river, where the soil was fertile, which would lay the foundations for agriculture. The ancient Egyptian civilization began in 3000 BCE. At the time, the civilization was run under a theocratic monarchy, with a king called a Pharaoh, making all the judgements and orders. The job of the kings at the time were to unite the many different...
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