...Middle Ages DBQ Historical Context The Middle Ages in Europe, a period of time from approximately 500 ce to 1400, have been referred to by a variety of terms: the Age of Faith, the Dark Ages, the Age of Feudalism, and even a Golden Age. The medieval era began with the destruction of the Roman Empire and the disorder that followed, which led to the rise of feudalism. During this period of darkness, the Roman Catholic Church provided spiritual direction as well as many nonreligious functions for the people of the time. Many literary, artistic, and architectural advances occurred. Instructions: Soapstone each document, then based on your own knowledge and on the information found in the documents, formulate a thesis that directly answers the question. Organize the information into a brief outline. Write a well-organized essay proving your thesis. The essay should be logically presented and should include information both from the documents and from your own knowledge outside of the documents. Do not type, all work will be neatly hand written. Remember, others must be able to read it. Question: Which labels for the Middle Ages best describe the era between 500 and 1400 in Europe, The Dark Ages, the Age of Feudalism, the Age of Faith, or the Golden Age of Europe? You must discuss three labels. Document 1 In The Middle Ages, historian Frantz Funck-Brentano made use of previously published texts to describe Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries (Heinemann...
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...Tanya Spinella 2-18-11 History 102 Essay # 1 The feudal system of Europe was created in response to a need by the king of the Franks, Charles Martel, to pay his warriors. Martel began to give fiefs owned by the church, in return for a well-trained vessel to protect his kingdom from the Moors, who were threatening their attack. This system, feudalism, is a hierarchical structure used to govern and oppress the peasants. The Catholic church played a major role in the upholding of the feudal system by threatening excommunication to the lowly servants of God. The end of feudalism was a gradual happening caused by the Black Death, the commercial revolution, and humanism in European Society resulting in the enlightened, free thinking peoples of the Renaissance. The Black Death was one of the leading causes for the disintegration of the feudal system. Also known as the Bubonic Plague, the Black Death originated in China in the early 1000’s A.D.[1] The epidemic spread to Europe around 1347 A.D. killing two-thirds of the population. Denser populated areas of Europe, like London, were affected the most however; because of it’s crowded towns, and poorer families housing at least twelve people, the black plague swept through these places easily. [2] Because of the drastic drop off in population, new opportunities began to present themselves to the once hapless citizens who survived the bubonic plague. An increase in available land was one of these many benefits resulting in more crop...
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...science, as a method and as a practice. This culminated in explosive events toward the end of the 18th century. The French Revolution ‘was a phenomenon as awful and irreversible as the first nuclear explosion, and all history has been permanently changed by it.’ The French Revolution is largely regarded as an important event in modern international history because of the way it has had international impact and continued to have international repercussions and influences on society and thought today. This essay will look at different aspects of the French Revolution and discuss how the different components of the revolution have affected the world and the impact of these at the time of the event. For the purposes of this essay the French Revolution will be defined as the insurrection in France that began in 1789 and ended in 1815 with the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo. The actual dates of the revolution are widely contested but for the purposes of this essay, these dates will be used as a framework. Modern international will be assumed to mean the period of history from the Napoleonic Wars. No single cause can be singled out for the French Revolution; although historians agree that it was a culmination of international and domestic events that sparked the revolution. The following reasons are commonly adduced; France had the largest population in Europe and could not feed it adequately, the rich and expanding bourgeoisie was excluded...
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...ESSAY – ‘What is the Marxist theory of the state and how might it be criticised?’ Introduction Marxism first arose in 1987 when Marx and Engels were commissioned to write the manifesto for the political party of radical workers, The Communist League; this political party was formed in order to create a unity of the ‘working men’, in favour of the creation of a classless society. The purpose of The Communist Manifesto, and much of Marx’s early writings on the state, was to promote social change, in refutation to Hegel’s theory of the dialetic. This is achieved through the construction of a materialist interpretation of the state as ‘the active, conscious and official expression (of) the present structure of society' (Collected Works, 3, p. 199). Marx’s ultimate aim was to “lay bare the economic law of motion of modern society.” (Marx, Capital [1867] 1965, p10), which is to… This essay will explain and analyse Marx’s theory of state, a nd assess the legitimacy of the theory through criticisms. Marx’s theory of history/state: History is a study of past events in human affairs; Marx believes that historical events are driven forward by changing economic factors within the ‘base’ of society. According to Marx, human society is made up of two measures: a base and a superstructure. The superstructure is the set of 'non-economic institutions whose character is explained by the nature of the economic structure (the base).' (G. A. Cohen Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence pp 216...
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...CHAPTER III: EIGHTEENTH CENTURY ENGLISH LITERATURE LITERATURE OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT (18th century) The 17th century was one of the most stormy periods of English history. The growing contradictions between the new class, the bourgeoisie, and the old forces of feudalism brought about the English Bourgeois Revolution in the 1640s. As a result of the revolution the king was dethroned and beheaded and England was proclaimed a republic. Though very soon monarchy was restored, the position of the bourgeoisie had changed. The 18th century saw Great Britain rapidly growing into a capitalist country. It was an age of intensive industrial development. New mills and manufactures appeared one after another. Small towns grew into large cities. The industrial revolution began: new machinery was invented that turned Britain into the first capitalist power of the world. While in France the bourgeoisie was just beginning its struggle against feudalism, the English bourgeoisie had already become one of the ruling classes. The 18th century was also remarkable for the development of science and culture. Isaac Newton’s discoveries in the field of physics, Adam Smith’s economic theories, the philosophical ideas of Hobbes, Locke and others enriched the materialistic thought and implanted in people’s minds belief in great powers of man’s intellect. It was in this period that English painting began to develop too: portraiture reached its peak in the works of William Hogarth,...
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...view suggests that the revolution was not just a shift from absolutism to democracy, but rather, the more revolutionary change from feudalism to capitalism. This notion is reinforced by Lefebvre, ‘it cleared the way for the triumph of capitalism, and inspired the socialism that was to subvert it’ . Therefore, its evident the revolution was revolutionary as it not only removed an economic system that had become the norm in France but paved way for a liberal self-empowering one. This laid the foundations for socialism, an ideology and sometimes revolutionary movement which shaped much of the preceding centuries. Thus the French Revolution was so revolutionary it acted as a trigger for future revolutions and movements in modern history. This again highlights the idea of the indirect impact the French Revolution had on changing the world, not just in the politically but also economically. The revolution was a transitioning point between old and new regimes and as Jones remarks it provided ‘the dividing line between the medieval and the modern eras in the western world’ . To a large extent, the French Revolution was...
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...------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- TITLE PAGE 1. Title Page………………………………………………………………………..2 2. What Is a Small Business and Where Did it Originate?.............................4 3. Firm Size…………………………………………………………………………7 4. Legal Status of a Small Firm…………………………………………………..8 5. The Qualitative Features of Entrepreneurship in Small Enterprise………..9 6. The Place of the Small Firm in the Russian Economy……………………..10 7. A List of Problems That Private Enterprise Faces in Russia (Conclusion).11 8. Reference Page………………………………………………………………...13 1. Introduction Before we can analyze what the small firm sector is and how it homogenously coexists with the economy, it is firstly imperative to clearly stipulate what the small firm sector consists of. It is of course a triviality to acknowledge that the small firm sector consists of small business, but what is a small business? To answer that we should first be aware of what indeed a business is or at least perhaps the underlying meaning of the commonly used synonym enterprise is? The majority of us and even perhaps the overwhelming majority would stipulate that these ideas could be deemed almost self- explanatory. However is this really the case? How many of us truly stop to think and ponder the meanings at the core of the daily vocabulary that we casually and flippantly use...
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...Knight and Smamurais were the similarities greater than the differences Are the similarities or differences greater between a samurai and a kights. It all started in 1000 to 1600 CE Europe and Japan had a weak government and an even weaker army. It took place in feudal Europe and feudal Japan. They're completely different in the way they fight to the way they trained.They're a different soldier in so many ways. Feudalism that's how it started when a lord acquires a large piece of land and gives some of it to a lesser noble exchange for military services,food,and farm land.They trained these lesser nobles into soldiers,in Europe they were called Knights and in Japan they were called Samurais. They were different by what they called their leaders and by the way they were brought up. They were different by what they believed in. (Background Essay) There leader was called by a different names in Japan they were called Daimyos and in Europe they were called Lords. As the Samurai worked for the Daimyos the Knights worked for the Lord's. Both were taught differently and both started at different times for their training. They were both started at different times. As a Saumiras, when he or she hit the age of 14 they were called a Genpuku. When a Knight became 14 they were called a Squire a Squire continued with weapon...
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...Essay Topic: Capitalism and its alternative system TOPIC: CAPITALISM AND THE ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM Tutor: Maral First of all, we need to understand the definition of CAPITLISM. Capitalism mainly difined as economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, especially as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth. Capitalism, as a deliberate economic system, developed incrementally from the 16th century in Europe, although proto-capitalist organizations existed in the ancient world, and early aspects of merchant capitalism flourished during the Late Middle Ages. Capitalism became dominant in the Western world following the demise of feudalism. Capitalism gradually spread throughout Europe, and in the 19th and 20th centuries, it provided the main means of industrialization throughout much of the world. Today the capitalist system is the world's dominant economic model Types of capitalism There are many variants of capitalism in existence. All these forms of capitalism are based on production for profit, at least a moderate degree of market allocation and capital accumulation. The dominant forms of capitalism are listed here. Mercantilism Free-market capitalism Social market economy State capitalism Corporate capitalism Mixed economy Problems of capitalism Capitalism allows much personal freedom...
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...You should come to class prepared to discuss, debate and directly engage the material presented in the assigned readings. Exams will assess your knowledge of both class lecture and reading material. Assignments are expected to be completed on time; deadlines/due dates are indicated in the syllabus. If you are unable to attend an exam, you must notify me prior to class and make arrangements to make-up the exam. Permission to make-up an exam will be granted only in the most serious of extenuating circumstances. Verifiable (medical) emergencies and other reasons for potential ‘excused’ absences must be documented. Grading: 3 exams (30%, each) Participation (10%) Exams: Exams will be a combination of take-home essay (approximately 10pgs.).The essay question, and study guides will be made available well in advance. Electronic communication and sources of information: Please make sure that your email account is registered with the University so that you can...
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...Western Civilizations Final Essay: French Revolution, Industrial Revolution and Causes of WWI Sherly Familia EUH 2001 Professor Miller December 13, 2017 Predominantly history helps us understand the changes society has faced and took on changes that at the time deem necessary to leave the past behind and try to move forward. History focuses on past events but it is also studies of past experiences and that helps society make better choices with everyday problems. Governments of today are based of the same concepts in the time of western civilizations. The nature and legacy of the French Revolution has been debated into three explanations. First the French Revolution signaled for a democracy victory over tyrant government. “It proved that the residents of an old monarchy in the heart of Europe could come together to constitute themselves as citizens of...
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...name] AK [company name] H120 Introduction to the History of East Asia Essay 3 Andy Ricci 622624 Word Count: 2018 H120 Introduction to the History of East Asia Essay 3 Andy Ricci 622624 Word Count: 2018 Why do we sometimes refer to the events of 1868 in Japan as a 'restoration', but to those of the years following 1911 in China as 'revolutions'? Introduction The Meiji Restoration of 1868 in Japan and the Chinese Revolution of 1911 were responsible for producing an enormous amount of upheaval in both countries. Both nations were immersed in social, political and economic backwardness. In this context, both political episodes should be construed as an attempt to reverse decline and set the course for modernization. The main thesis of this essay is based on the notion that whilst there are some similarities between both political events, the main difference resides in the fact that the Meiji Restoration began the centralization of the mechanisms of governance and induced the social and economic modernization of the country. At the same time, the Chinese Revolution of 1911 did not succeed in engendering a sound system of government capable of reversing the country’s decline. The first part of the essay will deal with the main characteristics of the Meiji restoration of 1868. The second section of the essay will outline the main features pertaining to the Chinese Revolution of 1911. The third part of the essay will examine the similarities and differences between these two events...
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...Essay Four Antiquarians frequently separate European history into periods prior and then afterward the infection. There are a few enticing explanations behind doing so. To begin with, the populace declined pointedly and afterward bounced back. Both the misfortune and the recharging of the populace had huge consequences for all parts of society, from horticulture to family structure to military adventuring. Overpopulation delivers it cure through scourge, starvation, and different means. A few zones of Europe may have been viewed as ready for mass demise on the grounds that agrarian generation had not stayed aware of populace development. The overpopulation hypothesis has been condemned as lacking to clarify the disastrous impacts of the Black Death. But worries about overpopulation in later times were foreshadowed by examines of the disease years. Third, feudalism—the political and social structure then common in Europe—may have been the underlying reason for the mass mortality. A couple of individuals had everything; most individuals had practically nothing. Those naturally introduced to the lower classes had little open door for headway. This circumstance propagated a substantial underclass of generally uneducated individuals with restricted abilities, subsequently additionally restricting mechanical and social advancement. Moreover, the primitive framework was hinting at caving in from inside in the years going before the Black Death. The fundamental unit of creation...
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...Practice History Essay Power and stability in the Middle Ages were maintained through the hierarchical feudal social system, but it changed over time due to various factors. Birth of feudalism began in Europe from Charlemagne and William the Conqueror to England after the victory over King Harold Godwinson. This system was characterised into three large categories – the powerful, the spiritual and the powerless. The upper class were very powerful and had many privileges. A king controlled large areas of land and were able to give away the land for loyalty and protection. He “offered protection to the peasants…but he also exerted his power over them (Source D)”. William’s reign was long and stable, as he spread out his Norman lords so they could not rebel against him. The king also needed an army for protection and control over his land. As a result, he would pay nobles to provide knights for his legion. Nobles and knights required...
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...ROLE OF IDEOLOGY AS A TOOL OF ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE WORLD AND SOCIETY An ideology is a system of ideas or a representation of, ideas, of conceptions and of consciousness that attempts to explain simply what people say, imagine and/or conceive in their minds. It encompasses politics, morality, religion, metaphysics and law among others. In the process of simplification of the complex reality, ideologies always reflect a bias and serve the interests of a particular against another. The ideas that rule, which we may simply call, ‘ruling ideas’ are of a given group of people, the ruling class which represent the dominant material relationships. According to Marx, the goal of an ideology is to legitimize the forces of the ruling class to remain in the dominant position (hegemony).This way it obscures the understanding of the disempowered group into not understanding whatever is going on. This obfuscation results to logical contradictions in the dominant ideology, and Marxism tries to open up by returning to the materialistic conditions of a society which is commonly known as mode of production of the society. In the book, German Ideology, Marx and Engels lead us into understanding that it is possible address the real conditions in which humans exist outside the ideological bewilderment. Marxism tries to convince us that if the disempowered people (Bourgeoisie) come the understanding of the ideological mystification used by the ruling class (Proletariat). The premises...
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