...Blood culture contamination Veronica Quintanar Nova Southeastern University Evidence and Practice NSG 5111 Diane Esposito July 16, 2016 Blood culture contamination To help improve the quality of patient care, applying effective techniques in relation to patient care is fundamental to practice. When delivering the best care to obtain a positive solution to a healthcare problem, formulating and researching on the best evidence-based practice while focusing on problems that arise through practice is challenging. Initiating an incentive to increase patient care and outcomes is necessary and essential when dealing with evolving changes in healthcare. One of the main issues in healthcare that most organizations are faced with in current...
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...Week 3 Course Project 1. State the primary legal issues raised by hydraulic fracturing: “The rapid increase and geographically expanding use of fracturing, along with a growing number of citizen complaints and state investigations of well water contamination attributed to this practice, has led to calls for greater state and/or federal environmental regulation and oversight of this activity. Historically, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had not regulated the underground injection of fluids for hydraulic fracturing of oil or gas production wells. In 1997, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit ruled that fracturing for coalbed methane (CBM) production in Alabama constituted underground injection and must be regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). This ruling led EPA to study the risk that hydraulic fracturing for CBM production might pose to drinking water sources. In 2004, EPA reported that the risk was small, except where diesel was used, and that national regulation was not needed. However, to address regulatory uncertainty the ruling created, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005) revised the SDWA term “underground injection” to explicitly exclude the injection of fluids and propping agents (except diesel fuel) used for hydraulic fracturing purposes. Consequently, EPA currently lacks authority under the SDWA to regulate hydraulic fracturing, except where diesel fuel is used. (In May, EPA issued draft permitting guidance for use of diesel...
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...civil trial procedure in the U.S. Court. The first stage of a civil trial procedure are the pleadings, which include the filing of complain, and motions to dismiss. A complaint was made by the families of Woburn, stating that the deaths of their children were the cause of the contamination of their town’s water supply. The complaints were made for the corporations Beatrice Foods, and W.R. Grace Company. Mr. Cheeseman, the attorney on behalf of Grace Company made a motion to dismiss the case but the judge ruled otherwise. The second stage is the pretrial, where discovery of facts and motions for summary judgment take place. In A Civil Action, the discoveries began with depositions of witnesses by the victim’s family members, residents of Woburn, and employees that work for the factories that are being blamed for contaminating the water. Witnesses came up stating that they were experiencing events of abnormal health issues and that it could be correlated with contamination of the water. One factory worker testified saying that he had witnesses dumping of the factories waste into the water. The final stages are the actual trial and post-trial, where Jury selection, opening statements, introduction to evidence, cross examinations and closing arguments take place. Jan, the plaintiffs’ attorney began the opening statements favoring his clients and stating that the two big corporations...
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...Research evidence has illustrated that a majority of rural households consume water that is of low quality, with the chief reason for such low standards in water quality being contamination by pollutants that originate from various sources. Rural areas in most underdeveloped and developing countries do not have piped water and they rely mostly on wells or boreholes, rivers, springs, and rain water for their domestic consumption. Human activities such as intensive farming that use a lot of pesticides, fertilizers, and herbicides, mining, and industrial run off are the primary sources of water pollutants and contaminants. According to Li L, Li CS, and Wichelns’ (2016) study established that rural areas in Tra Vinh Province of Vietnam experience seasonal fluctuations of water quality annually. L, Li CS, and Wichelns (2016) observed that during the wet monsoon season in the Mekong Delta, the inhabitants have access to abundant rainwater that they collect for both domestic and commercial applications. However, during the dry season they are faced with acute shortages of clean and safe drinking water often opting for canal or groundwater that is usually contaminated and unsafe for human consumption. L, Li CS, and Wichelns (2016) observed that during the wet season, inhabitants of the Mekong Delta were unwilling to purchase clean and safe bottled drinking water from vendors compared to the dry season when demand for the same was extremely high. A study carried out by Trevett, Carter...
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...English 102 10 June 2010 Contamination OCD and Our Health Contamination obsessive-compulsive disorder can be the most unnecessary and most annoying disorder out there. Consider the feeling of constantly tracing the history of germ contents for everything you touch. It’s nearly impossible, but enough to drive a person crazy. Dealing with contamination OCD myself, I am a self-proclaimed “germ-a-phobe” or “germ-freak,” but living in fear of germs is not what I always dreamed of. Anxiety is an understatement in regards to never touching the TV remote control just because I don’t know who touched it last and what they’ve touched last, or letting everyone believe I’m unfriendly just to avoid a high-five, even though I do carry hand sanitizer with me. These are unnecessary and irrelevant thoughts to anything worthwhile, but somehow they aren’t as easy to get rid of as you might think. Contamination OCD can cause so much fear and anxiety in a person’s life, but what is it that actually jump starts this seemingly endless annoyance? Should the rest of the world consider our thoughts on the fact that maybe germs are dangerous or is it the disinfectants that are really causing us harm? Even though disinfectants pose such a dangerous threat to our health due to toxins in them, those living with contamination OCD still can’t seem to accept that fact and put down the cleaners in fear of being contaminated by germs because of the habits and rituals that have taken over in our minds and...
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...Lukasz Giza Essay discussing causes of disorders for three selected case studies The case of Bess Obsessive compulsive disorder commonly referred to as OCD is an anxiety disorder; people who suffer from OCD act compulsively and have obsessive thoughts. The fear of contamination is most common type of OCD; it leads to compulsive cleaning rituals as fear of germs, or dirt is a frightening thought for OCD sufferers. OCD could be explained biologically and psychologically. Genes could be a factor that could expose one to OCD. It is thought of that OCD could be passed on genetically. Family studies are good source supporting this theory; the siblings, parents or children of OCD sufferer have 50% genes similar to the OCD sufferer. The risk of getting OCD is between 2-3%, if the percentage is bigger than 2-3% within the family members it is the suggested as an evidence for genetic influences. Close family members have 10-15% risk of developing OCD which stands as a strong evidence. Another study has concentrated on the twins both identical and fraternal. The twins that were studied where selected based on if one had definitely OCD and they looked if the other twin had it too. The results showed that the second twin had 53-87% risk of developing OCD. With the fraternal twins the risk was smaller at 23-43%. To fully understand OCD psychological factors that could trigger OCD need to be taken into consideration too. Regression to an anal stage is an example of psychodynamic explanation...
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...the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to intervene…It was able to ‘unofficially’ regulate DNA analysis and force ‘private companies to adopt its technological system’” (Edmond 130). These debates in the courtroom have led to regulations that are in place to ensure the proper gathering and testing of DNA evidence so that only accurate evidence is admitted in court. Suspects have a right to a fair trial and following the DNA wars, fair trials include correct evidence to be presented otherwise they may be acquitted or a mistrial may be declared. One of the factors to ensuring correct evidence is a process known as the chain of custody. The chain of custody, if followed properly, keeps track of continuity of possession. Evidence must be correctly...
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...States in general, while less clearly visible threats such as microscopic contamination by Clostridium, E. coli and Listeria have taken its place. Whether outbreaks due to these organisms take place as a direct result of institutional negligence within the meat packing industry, however, is less clear. From a big picture view, the number of outbreaks seems to be decreasing since 1998, including those involving beef, chicken, and pork [10]. An examination of listeria outbreaks investigated by the Centers for Disease Control/CDC reveals [11] only a handful in immediate history that are secondary to the classic deli meat contamination, but more often due to packaging of plant or dairy products which may not be consistently heated further before consumption. In contrast, within this same data set of foodborne outbreaks, outbreaks due to Clostridium species include many connected to contaminated turkey, beef, pork, or chicken. E. coli O157:H7, similarly, has been implicated in dozens of outbreaks since 1998, with ground beef a commonly identified food vehicle...
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...prey to predators including humans. There is also the possibility of a major negative impact on the economy if affected. A majority of pollution found in Great Lakes such as Lake Huron has been proven by many sources to be extremely harmful to the habitants of the water, species who use the water, and the water itself. These findings eventually provided enough evidence for an implementation of a legal pollution limit that is considered to be a tolerance level. To demonstrate the harmful reality of pollution in Lake Huron, a group of graduate students from Michigan State University studied the effects of pollution by observing the lake trout. According to an excerpt of their school thesis, they intended to “…analyze the tissue concentrations in lake trout…over a period of several years.” (Michigan State University, Enivroment 110). The study of this lake trout provided substantial evidence that more contaminated areas of the lake had a higher effect on the trout. The water pollution, caused by anything as small as a tin can or large as an old computer, provided enough harmful resources to sicken, weaken and in most cases kill the lake trout. (Michigan State University, Enivroment 110). These polluted areas are overlooked by a majority of people due to the façade of the lake’s natural beauty. However, underneath lies a more malevolent presence in the form of water pollution....
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...In 1994, the League Environmental Assistance Foundation (LEAF) petitioned the EPA to withdraw approval of the Alabama UIC program because did not regulate hydraulic fracturing associated with methane production. The EPA denied the petition in 1995 because, they contended, regulating hydraulic fracturing was not necessary given the definition of underground injection as used in the SDWA. The petition was taken to the Court of Appeals for the eleventh circuit, and they ruled against the EPA, arguing that there was no ambiguity in the SDWA’s mandate for the EPA’s regulatory action. They ruled that hydraulic fracturing should be regulated under federal law. This resulted in the EPA withdrawing approval of the Alabama UIC program in 1999, and Alabama’s...
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...In order to discover the ways for the remedy of diseases, studies in therapeutic approaches have been doing widely and kept increasing at accelerated pace. A lot of research areas had emerged for that purpose including one of the most fascinating and highly active areas at present, stem cells therapies. Due to self-renewal property and differentiation capability of stem cell, it becomes a new hope in modern treatment. The first successful case of stem cell therapy in human was reported in 1959. Bone marrow restorations were observed in leukemia patients who received total body irradiation subsequent by intravenous injection of their twins’ bone marrow (Thomas et al, 1957). Nevertheless, that effect was transient and the following bone marrow transplantation attempts in non-twin patients and donors can eventually lead to patient’s death from graft-versus-host disease (Mathé et al, 1965). During that time, the safety of hematopoietic cells transplantation was not guaranteed because of the limited knowledge in human histocompatibility and immunosuppression. However, the turning point came after the discovery of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) groups (Dausset, 1958; van Rood et al, 1958), HLA typing and compatibility testing were performed prior to the transplantation. In addition, the improvement of immunosuppressive protocol also helps bringing the bone marrow transplantation to become more and more successful (Donnall and Hutchinson, 1999). Although the success rate of hematopoietic...
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...In order to discover the ways for the remedy of diseases, studies in therapeutic approaches have been doing widely and kept increasing at accelerated pace. A lot of research areas had emerged for that purpose including one of the most fascinating and highly active areas at present, stem cells therapies. Due to self-renewal property and differentiation capability of stem cell, it becomes a new hope in modern treatment. The first successful case of stem cell therapy in human was reported in 1959. Bone marrow restorations were observed in leukemia patients who received total body irradiation subsequent by intravenous injection of their twins’ bone marrow (Thomas et al, 1957). Nevertheless, that effect was transient and the following bone marrow transplantation attempts in non-twin patients and donors can eventually lead to patient’s death from graft-versus-host disease (Mathé et al, 1965). During that time, the safety of hematopoietic cells transplantation was not guaranteed because of the limited knowledge in human histocompatibility and immunosuppression. However, the turning point came after the discovery of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) groups (Dausset, 1958; van Rood et al, 1958), HLA typing and compatibility testing were performed prior to the transplantation. In addition, the improvement of immunosuppressive protocol also helps bringing the bone marrow transplantation to become more and more successful (Donnall and Hutchinson, 1999). Although the success rate of hematopoietic...
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...submission of clean injection disposal projects towards assurance to those syringes and needles will be discarded within a suitable way, as well as giving composed data otherwise unwritten advising taking place the most proficient method to get to medical action, in addition to assessment and cure of HIV and hepatitis C infection (HCV). Senate Bill 1159 allows an individual to have 10 clean syringes and needle if procured during approved source. Senate Bill 1159 mandates that the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) assess impacts of permitting offer of injections with no a medicine, along with present a information to the Governor and Legislature. REASON OF THE REGULATION Towards diminishing HIV, hepatitis, and other blood-borne cases along with IDUs, their sexual...
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...Report on: BSE Crisis Misconception of Risks & Flaws within the system Abstract The BSE or the mad cow epidemic was a major crisis in British history. The BSE disease was first identified in cattle in 1986. Though the cause of the disease is not known till now, but how the disease spread was known at initial stage. Contamination of BSE into cattle happens due to consumption of BSE contaminated MBM. There was a scientific assumption that BSE might not be transmitted to human, but there was a risk of contamination to human also. But policy-makers’ perception of risk was wrong and they were consistently assuring people that beef is safe to eat, and BSE is not transmissible to human. There existed a great divergence about the perception of risks between the scientists, policy-makers and the public. Message of risk was not communicated to public in fear of irrational over reaction or risks to the industry. Scientific risk assessment was understated and misinterpreted by the policy-makers’ risks assessment on economic views, and the public was kept unaware about the risks. The flaws and shortcomings that existed in the then system aggravated the crisis. It had become necessary to separate scientific risks assessment from the political risk assessments. The outbreak of the epidemic in 1996 after 10 years of denial brought disaster to the British beef industry and created sense of betrayal and mistrust among the public. To re-establish the confidence a wide range of reforms...
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...Fracking...Is it the Right answer? Darrell E Davison BCOM/275 JAN 1 2012 Betsy Wampler Fracking...Is it the Right answer? In the 21st century world we live, the advances in technology and research have created an environment that information is passed instantly. The world wide web and social media are instruments used to pass information to the masses quicker than anytime in human history. That information now more than ever is used to spread awareness on matters of importance to promote action in a group of people. On of the major issues the public now faces is the issue of Energy. On a broad scale, the production of Energy and also its consumption is the fodder of political pundits and environmentalist no longer. Recent elections here in the United States along with several successful documentaries have brought an unprecedented level of awareness to the arguments made by proponents of both sides of issues. In America, these lines seem to even ride along political divisions. Conservatives tend to be less likely to adhere to warnings of environmentalist, while Liberals seem to lean more toward acceptance. A fairly new technology has come to the nation’s forefront and promoted some spirited debate. The issue is Hydraulic Fracturing or as it is commonly referred to “Fracking”. We will examine the pros and cons of both and why it should not be used as an option to future Energy Production What is Fracking? The process of” Fracking” means injecting millions...
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