...1007/s00148-005-0015-1 ORIGIN AL PAPER Timothy J. Hatton Explaining trends in UK immigration Received: 11 February 2004 / Accepted: 6 December 2004 / Published online: 22 November 2005 © Springer-Verlag 2005 Abstract Since the 1970s Britain has gone from being a country of net emigration to one of net immigration, with a trend increase in immigration of more than 100,000 per year. This paper represents the first attempt to model the variations in net migration for British and for foreign citizens, across countries and over time. A simple economic model, which includes the selection effects of differing income distributions at home and abroad, largely accounts for the variations in the data. The results suggest that although improved economic performance in the UK relative to overseas has tended to increase immigration, rising UK inequality has had an even larger effect. Immigration policies at home and abroad have also increased net immigration, particularly in the 1990s. Keywords Immigration . Emigration . Immigration policy JEL Classification F22 . J61 . J78 1 Introduction In the last 20 years the UK has become a country of net immigration. During the 1960s and 1970s, emigration exceeded immigration so that net immigration was persistently negative. Since then net immigration has progressively increased. The best available measure of long-term trends indicates an increase in the annual net immigration from −24 thousand in the early 1970s to 89 thousand in the late 1990s —a...
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...Immigration in the UK Abstract: This paper illustrates a survey that was carried out in Leeds regarding people’s thought about immigration in the UK. Moreover, a discussion about the different answers of candidates is shown in this project. Finally rather interesting views were also observed. Introduction: Immigration has had a huge impact in the UK since 1998 on Britain, according to The Office of National Statics net immigration in Britain has been at an unmatched level over the last decade and is expected to the same. In this report it is going to be explained how immigration has affected the lifestyle in the country. The main aspect that is being affected in the country is the relation between economy and the rapid population growth that directly relates to the increase of the housing rates. The most important questions that rose from this research are the following ones: What is the impact of immigration in the UK? (Food, house rates, employment and culture) What is the effect in economy? How does it affect British people? How does the government tend to deal with immigration? How are the government parties going to deal with immigration in the upcoming elections? Is immigration affecting the country in a positive or negative way? Did immigration improve Britain? Data Collection Methods: 10 people were asked the questions above and their answers were voice recorded in a mobile phone. (The source is the author) One sample from England claimed that...
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...Youki Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of immigration to a country’s economy. The new immigration policy in UK is limit on immigration. According to this policy, the essay will describe the advantages and disadvantages of immigration to EU countries’ economy. The immigration brings a positive impact to the EU countries. For example, the workers from other countries are younger. Europe faces aging population, it needs immigrants both economically and demographically. (Quentin, 3, March, 2005) According to Dustman et al(2003)said, “ the migration from EU 8 countries broadly positive, impact on the UK labor market.” What’s more, immigration can increase the tax income and improve the economy in UK. The government said, “ 17% the total amount of 2004, the Birth economic growth was created by immigration.” According to the survey in 2000, the British immigration taxes pay for GBP 31.2 billion. In addition, the contribution from the immigration is a rising trend year of year. On the other hand, the immigration can have negative impact on the country. For example, the government underestimates the number of the immigration. Society may face a housing problem and security problem. People do not work will alcohol abuse and flooding homeless. The British worker will have a lot of pressure. The immigration to work in UK will be less paid and younger. They are often from a poor country. The British workers need to take pay cuts with ‘serious implications’ because of the...
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...agents. Representation: to speak, act or present officially for another person. The voluntary sector UNISON members are employed in Schools, colleges and universities Gas, electricity and water companies Transport Job roles they represent in the public sector include, for example: • librarians • Human Resources, IT and finance workers • teaching assistants and early years nursery staff • secretaries • cleaners, caretakers and school meals supervisors • care workers, social workers and nurses. UNISON campaigns on a variety of issues relevant to its members. Currently, it is running the Migrant Workers Participation Project. This campaign focuses on the issues faced by migrant workers in the UK. Migrant workers are employees who have moved from overseas to the UK to find work. They form an important and growing part of the workforce in both the private sector and public sector. These workers are at particular risk of being exploited in the workplace. This may be due to lack of knowledge of their rights, their limited command of the English language and the fact that they are often reluctant to complain about their treatment by employers. They may also be...
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...I welcome you to this European Union Youth Conference. I am Claes Larsen. I am a student at London School of Economics and Political Science. Today our this speech topic is going to be “is immigration good for Britain?”. I will talk about economic, social cultural and political areas, where immigrations probably have an impact on the society. Before we start, I would like if you could wait with the questions till after the speech. Thank you. At first, I would like to give you a summary of how the British immigration. The latest numbers is from June 2014, it shows that immigration static is estimated to be around 583.000. That is nearly a 20% incensement since previous year, were the statistic was around 502.000. Emigration leaving the UK was nearly the same as previous year, with only 3000 increasing. How is the British native onion about immigrations? In an authoritative survey were more than 20,000 people attended, 60% opinion was that they bring more disadvantages than advantages to the UK. However, overall 77% if there was a dramatic reduction in immigrants, it would have benefit on the economy. The idea with migrants was that they would handle the jobs that the British people did not wanted to do, and to a lower salary. Overall the must of the publics opinion is that immigration is a burden to the country and it is benefits, but somehow they cannot live without, cause then there will be nobody to take the jobs, they do not want. But probably are the more than 20,000...
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...Let me paint you a picture of a Britain not in the EU, a Britain alone and isolated. This Britain faces unemployment of around 11 million people. It faces problems of reduced immigration creating even more financial difficulties. It faces an extremely volatile and uncertain situation regarding future trade with other countries. Today I am going to talk about why these two main points- trade and immigration – form the argument of why we should stay in the EU. The first issue I am going to raise is trade. A huge benefit to the UK and UK businesses is that as a member of the EU we have access to worry-free and tariff-free trading with all its members. As such, approximately a staggering 50% of our exports go to the EU. Critically, leaving the EU puts our economy under threat. The hope of euro sceptics that we can easily enjoy a free-trade agreement such as Switzerland and Norway is both unrealistic and more importantly dangerous. If the UK leaves the EU, it is likely that UK based firms will relocate abroad, leaving a massive hole in our economy and forcing us into another recession. Furthermore, if we were to still have a free-trade agreement with the EU, we would still have to comply with all the strict regulations. Only, these would now be regulation that we had no input or control over what so ever. Can you honestly say, having just come out of one of the biggest depressions in over half a century and with confidence slowly crawling out of the gutters, that you are prepared...
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...1. "Allowing more immigration of refugees would be good both for refugees and for the economies they come to." Discuss. Allowing more immigrants would benefit the refuge as it allows them to start earning an income through work, also this allows them to live with benefits such as free healthcare and easy access to free water and food. This all gives the immigrant a better life than what they would have in their home country, however there are negatives for the immigrants could be they are exploited for cheap labour as they are more willing to take a cheaper wage as it would still be more than what they would earn at home. For a business productivity would improve for the businesses which would then lead to the economy being able to produce more as a result of an increase in the supply. However, the economy may be negatively affected by immigrants because the immigrants will be unskilled and not be able to meet technically required jobs so the business will have to retrain the immigrant to meet requirements needed for jobs. Allowing refugees would benefit refugees as it allows them to start earning an income and potentially escape poverty from eastern European countries, this is important for a refugee as it gives them a wage which allows them to be able to live in safe conditions with easy access to food and water which might not be easy to come by in their home countries such as Syria, where warfare is a threat to civilians. To continue the wage they earn will be more...
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...- Case Study 1. Synopsis of the Case study UNISON is Britain and Europe’s biggest trade union that represents the 1.3 million strong workforce. The case study explains in the details, the analysis of the PEST analysis of the Migrant Workers Participation Project that is being run by them in U.K now. As a part of EU, U.K allows immigration of workforce from all E.U countries except Romania and Bulgaria. UNISON intends to enroll these immigrants as a part of their organization, so that they are aware of the laws and regulations of the country. The immigrants would come to know through this about their legally allowed working hours, taxes etc., which otherwise they wouldn’t have asked their employees, fearing losing their jobs. They also intend to help migrant workers overcome issues in various different ways, e.g. producing workers’ rights leaflets in 11 different languages. It also intends to enlighten the employers about the issue and help them in communicating to their immigrant worker population. This is being done as the immigrant population has benefited the U.K economy by adding workforce in various fields, which were otherwise being done by the ageing U.K population. This has also benefitted U.K because of the greater work ethic, which the immigrants bring along. 2. Explain the purpose and benefits of PEST analysis. The purpose of the PEST analysis is to analyze the external environment surrounding the migrant workers. It helps them analyze the issues, which...
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...social workers and nurses. Trade union: an organisation that represents the mutual interests of employees across a range of issues. Voluntary sector: the part of the economy which is made up of for example charities and non-profit making organisations. Private sector: the part of the economy owned and run by individuals not by the government. Public sector: the part of the economy owned by government or its agents. Representation: to speak, act or present officially for another person. UNISON campaigns on a variety of issues relevant to its members. Currently, it is running the Migrant Workers Participation Project. This campaign focuses on the issues faced by migrant workers in the UK. Migrant workers are employees who have moved from overseas to the UK to find work. They form an important and growing part of the workforce in both the private sector and public sector. These workers are at particular risk of being exploited in the workplace. This may be due to lack of knowledge of their rights, their limited command of...
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...Questions: 1. Explain the purpose and benefits of PEST analysis. 2. Outline the factors that could lead to exploitation of migrant workers. 3. Analyse the factors which have led to increased immigration to the UK in recent years. 4. Evaluate the extent to which the UK economy benefits from migrant labour. Answers: Q1. Purpose of PEST: PEST analysis is the method is which organizations use to analyse the increase and decrease of market growth in an industry. The purpose of PEST analysis is to help a business know what changes to make when there is a change in the macro environment, help a business to plan its corporate strategies and helps to stop guesses and helps to produce facts on changes in the environment. Benefits of PEST: * It is easy and cheap to implement * It helps a firm to identify threats * It helps a firm to identify opportunities * It supports strategic thinking * It serves as a means to understand the external environment more Q2. Factors that could lead to exploitation of migrant workers: Political * Allegations: due to the low level of wages paid to migrants, their labour is demanded more and the british are not happy with this. * Short life jobs: the population of migrants is not evenly spread across the UK, so it makes it more difficult for the UK government to provide health assistance and other provisions. * Employment legislation: the migrants are forced to work longer than stated in the government policy and paid less than...
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...At the moment there is a lot of press about how much support European countries should be giving to asylum seekers and refugees due to the crisis in Syria but it is also important to discuss the larger role of immigrants coming to Europe and whether European nations should be allowing a larger number into their borders. Taking the UK as an example it could seem obvious to people that with already a housing shortage with only 100 000 new houses being built every year, when according to university research to cope with an ever growing population 240 000 new homes are needed each year allowing a large number of immigrants in doesn't make sense. In fact the governor of the Bank of England, complained that housebuilding in the UK was half that of his native Canada, despite the UK having a population twice the size. The common metaphor of trying to fit a square peg in a round hole could be applied to these facts. There are also some more ignorant arguments often heard against immigration. One of these is that many immigrants are coming to the country to claim benefits. In fact immigrants are less likely to with only 7% of immigrants claiming some sort of benefits compared to 15% of working age Britons. Regarding wages there is no evidence that immigrants bring down the average wages of a country but figures do show that for low-skilled jobs immigrants keep the wages low. Although yearly figures show that the populations in European countries are expanding the rate of growth...
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...[pic] Университет за Национално и Световно Стопанство Направление: Икономика с преподаване на Английски език КУРСОВА РАБОТА тема : Economic immigration: the case of Spain Изготвил: Венелина Цветанова Каменова Фак. Ном.: 10114103 Преподавател: Кръстьо Петков 2010 година Съдържание Why did I choose this topic? I. Introduction 1. The term immigration 1.1 The term immigration and the general theories behind it 1.2. Economic migrant 2. Global immigration 3. Immigration in Europe 1. Immigration within Europe 2. Immigration from outside of Europe II. The case of Spain 1. Immigration laws and policies in Spain 2. Main countries from where people emigrate to Spain 1. Bulgarians in Spain 3. Main reasons for choosing Spain III. Conclusion The data used in this project is from year 2005. Why did I choose this topic? Watching half of my classmates applying in foreign universities and many of my friends and family choosing to live abroad in order to have “better life” made me wonder what the reasons behind the migrations are. I was interested in the scientific explanation behind the migration processes. This paper gave me the opportunity to understand the incentives behind people’s decisions and the main reasons, pushing people from our own country. And even if I didn’t choose the case of Spain for my topic it...
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...successfully be able to make strategic decisions with an impact. Many supermarkets have introduced ‘self-checkouts’ in order to speed up the shopping process and also the cost of staff. Demographic changes can lead to long term implications for businesses. An ageing population combined with an increased life expectancy puts pressure on the National Health Service (NHS) within the UK. Rapid rates of urbanisation in the developing world causes problems such as traffic congestion, pollution and as a result of the limited infrastructure, slum areas are present. Many people move to the city in search for a job or perceived better quality of life. However not everyone is able to find a job, which increases crime rates within the city. International migration, the movement of people between countries, such as EU migration to the UK adds to population growth and also creates some problems for businesses and the economy within the UK. There are now 545,000 Polish passport holders that live in within the UK, compared with 75,000 in 2003, the year before Poland joined the EU (The Guardian, 2011). This can be a problem for the UK...
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...development. This has given such an impetus to international migration that it floods every corner of the world with the momentum of an avalanche. With this comes a substantial increase in the exchange of human capital between nations. Against this background, the pace of international migration keeps accelerating and the scale of it continuesto expand. However, as is often pointed out, international migration is a two-edged sword with dual effects.Nevertheless, the benefits of international migration are in excess of the economic costs. This essay will examine the brain drain and government spending on education problems for origin countries, meanwhile, unemployment problems, wage problems and social service spending for countries of immigration will also be included.(the essay’s structure) Brain drain for origin countries It is believed that international migration does harm to the human capital of origin countries, which is called brain drain.（this is the topic sentence, it is important. Becs readers can understand what you are going to talk about ）Research conducted by Indian households in 2004 shows that about 40% of emigrants have obtained at least a diploma of senior high school, the percentage of which is substantially higher than that of all Indians over the age of 25(TheEconomist,2011)(this is the example.it should be closely linked topic sentence) This suggests that rather than contributing to the human capital accumulation of their countries, a portion of well-educated...
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... London Edition 3 'Environmental migration' fears BYLINE: Clive Cookson in London SECTION: WORLD NEWS; Pg. 7 LENGTH: 448 wordsHIGHLIGHT: News analysisTens of millions of people are moving to places that are more vulnerable to environmental disaster, particularly the urban flood plains of Asia and Africa, according to a UK government report.By focusing mainly on the people displaced by drought, floods and famine, the world is neglecting those "trapped" in deteriorating environmental conditions or moving into them, says the study prepared by the government's Foresight programme that examines issues 20 to 80 years in the future.The report is the outcome of a two-year study involving 350 experts from 30 countries.It says the problems of migration in response to environmental change are far more complex and challenging than policymakers have realised. But the report, which looks ahead for 50 years, urges them to focus on the positive as well as negative impact of migration."Under some circumstances migration, particularly in low-income countries, can transform a community's ability to cope with environmental change," said Sir John Beddington, UK chief scientific adviser."The movement of individuals or small groups, even at a local or regional level, may increase the future resilience of large communities," he added."This will reduce the risk of both humanitarian disasters and of potentially destabilising mass migration under high risk conditions."A relatively small example...
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