...Dami Oni MBA 506 Leadership Profile #3 Pope John Paul II One of the most constructive philosophies of contemporary leadership is servant leadership. Aimed at showing forth the leader as a servant, it focuses on the followers rather than having the leader ultimately ‘be the leader’. According to its proponent, Robert Greenleaf, “it begins with the natural feeling that one wants to serve, to serve first. Then conscious choice brings one to aspire to lead.” There is almost no farther example of an individual who interprets this statement than Pope John Paul II. Pope John Paul made decisions and set various examples that culminated in the evidence of him being an interpreter of the ‘servant leadership’ theory. Pope John Paul II believed he was called to serve rather than be served and showed this in the smallest way possible. Servant leadership is one of the few schools of thought in leadership that makes the adherent, employee or follower, as the case may be, feel as human as possible, rather than seeing himself a slave. The leader puts others before himself, ensuring that he serves before even becoming the leader to assign roles or responsibilities. In Nahavandi’s (2015) words, ‘at the heart of servant leadership...is the focus on followers rather than the organization or the leader’. The focus of this philosophy is the development of the followers; to ensure that the leader does not let them remain the same after assumption of his position. His purpose is to be an example...
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...Pope John Paul II was the second longest serving pope in modern history and the most recent pope in history to be canonized. He held a strong position on many topics and became known as a pope that would not compromise. He guided the Catholic Church through many modern day challenges and is remembered by Catholics as a pope that talked to them from the heart. Karol Josef Wojtyla, Pope John Paul II’s real name, was born on May 18, 1920, in Wadowice, Poland. Karol was baptized into Christ and His Church on June 20, 1920 by a Chaplain in the Polish Army, Fr. Franciszek Zak. His hometown had about 10,000 residents, about 8,000 Catholics and 2,000 Jews. Karol experienced both sadness and happiness in his childhood. Karol’s mother died when he was 9 years old, his sister died before...
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...The Power of John Paul II’s “Don’t Be Afraid” John Paul II’s Support Of Solidarity And The Assassination Attempt in 1981 The answer to Stalin’s mocking question “How many [military] divisions has the pope?” began to be answered when John Paul II started his pontificate in June 1979 (The Economist, 2005). A new era started, and the Soviet Union rightfully feared the loss of control over the Eastern block, when this great man drove the fear out of all human kind, and gave them hope and strengths. Nothing ever stopped this Polish pope, not even an assassination attempt in 1981, from fighting for human rights, for the mutual acceptance of the neighbors, and from providing moral support to the Polish Solidarity, a movement that changed the world and triggered the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe. Born as Karol Wojtyla on May 18, 1920, in Wadowice, a small city 50 kilometers from Krakow, John Paul II was left on his own in 1941, when his father died (The Holy See, 2005). His mother and brother had died many years before that. After successfully finishing high school, he enrolled into Krakow's Jagiellonian University, and its school of drama. One year later, the Nazis occupied Poland and the University was closed. Karol had to give up his studies and started to work in a factory. However, Karol had already formed a strong character, capable of not being stopped by anything and, while working, in order to achieve his goal of becoming a priest, he begun following...
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...priesthood. Those funds, and his personal library, became the nucleus for the start of UST and its library. The founding of the University of Santo Tomas followed on April 28, 1611. The original campus was located in Intramuros, the Walled City of Manila. UST was first called Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Santisimo Rosario, and later renamed Colegio de Santo Tomas, in memory of the foremost Dominican Theologian, St. Thomas Aquinas. On July 29, 1619 the Colegio was authorized to confer academic degrees in theology and philosophy. By November 20, 1645, Pope Innocent X elevated the college to a university. In 1680, it was subsequently placed under the royal patronage of the Spanish monarchy. In 1681, Pope Innocent XI declared it a Public University of General Studies allowing it to confer other degrees. In 1734 Pope Clement XII authorized the University to confer degrees in all existing faculties as well as all others that might be introduced in the future. The Pope also approved the curriculum in the entire field of jurisprudence. During the British invasion of Manila in 1762, the University raised four companies of students and professors numbering 400 men each. These saw action in battles against the British until 1764. The expulsion of the Society of Jesus from the Philippines in 1768 left the University of Santo Tomas as the only institution of higher learning in the islands. In 1785 in...
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...conflict within the Catholic Church caused for its capital to be moved from Rome to Avignon. This shift of power started a war between France and England that lasted for nearly a century. To add to the turmoil, in 1347 the Black Death took the lives of more than 25 million Europeans within four years. Due to the plague, the church saw that a second pope was needed and established one in Rome. Then again in 1409, a third pope was elected. As three popes were battling for power, ordinary Christians became confused on who to believe. By the time the church resolved its problems, simple teachings of Christ were abandoned, and people saw the need to reform (HistoryTubeTV). Also known as The Reformation, the Protestant Reformation’s main goal was to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. During the 15th century, the Christian church was the most powerful institute in medieval Europe, but the debauchery within the church eventually lead to its declining power and influence. Between 1450 and 1520, a series of popes – called the Renaissance popes – failed to meet the church’s spiritual needs (Duiker and Spielvogel). As popes, to lead spiritually was a given; however, they...
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...Catholic Church. This happened to be the title of the primary book that we used for this course. This book, by John T. Noonan, is entitled A Church That Can and Cannot Change: The Development of Catholic Moral Teaching. A theme which Noonan immediately focuses on throughout the book is one which touches many of us deeply, slavery. As a person who has studied both law and religion and who is now embarking on a study of moral theology & ethics, I was highly interested in reading what John T. Noonan a distinguished scholar -author and member of the U.S. Court of Appeals- had to say in such an arena. Having heard him lecture, I was interested to see how his viewpoint translated into this type of arena. I was not disappointed. Throughout our course we not only discussed how this work dealt with such a topic, but we also discussed our own viewpoints on this very topic. Within the following paper I will discuss the issue of slavery, in the form of a synthetic paper, and how not only how it has evolved, but also the various positions the church has had concerning such an issue. As a backdrop, I will also use what Noonan outlined in his book as well. Therefore, this paper will be in the form of a review of Noonan thoughts (which will utilize various points from my prior presentation on this topic)/synthetic paper on the issue of slavery within the Catholic Church. John T. Noonan builds A Church That Can and Cannot Change on the fact that the deposit of faith cannot change...
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...Bryce Leveroos World Civ 12/8/2014 Machiavelli, Luther, Loyola: Three Names within an Era of Reformation Niccolo Machiavelli, Martin Luther, and Ignatius of Loyola were three contemporaries of the early sixteenth century, all of which had recognized a theological-political crisis in their age. In 1546 Catholicism was under siege by a new and troublesome adversary葉he Reformation. In one fell swoop, the Christian World was cleft in twain. Ignatius and Martin Luther had both been active in the Protestant Reformation, while Martin Luther had been a driving force for the Protestant Reformation, Ignatius on the other hand was the founder of the Illuminati and Jesuit Order which led the Counter-Reformation. The Jesuit Order was to become the most vile, bloody and persecuting order in the Roman Catholic church. This order was an elaborate spy system, so that no one in the order was safe. If there was any opposition, death was imminent and swift. Martin Luther had dedicated himself to the Augustinian order, devoting himself to fasting, long hours in prayer, pilgrimage, and frequent confession. In 1507 he was ordained to the priesthood, and in 1508 he was sent to teach Theology at the newly founded University of Wittenberg, later being called to the position of Doctor in Bible. Martin Luther had started the Reformation with a copy of his Disputation of Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences�?which came to be known as The Ninety-Five Theses. He had also...
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...1. THE SIX AGES OF THE CHURCH 1. The First Age: The Beginnings of the Jesus Movement (30-325) 1. Growth: the first age is unique – created something absolutely new. The Apostolic Age is the initial phase with main figures Peter & Paul (Acts of the Apostles). They took the revolutionary step from Jewish to Gentile environment. They also created communities to incorporate the converts into a new religious family which gradually developed structures to the identity of real society. 2. Achievements: In the 2nd & 3rd cen, Christianity succeeded in penetrating the dominant Roman-Hellenistic culture. Although, the Church is subjected to persecutions, she nevertheless became the greatest creative force in the culture of the Roman world. Important figures & events: 1. The blood of the Martyrs – Ignatius of Antioch, Polycarp of Smyrna & Justin Martyr. 2. The great teachers – Irenaeus, Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria, Origen and Cyprian (research on this…) who defended the faith against heresies, e.g., Gnosticism. 3. Development of an alternative form of discipleship thru life of renunciation & contemplation (monks of the desert in Egypt). 4. Retreat: the phase of cultural retreat & disintegration hardly exists in the first age. However, Emperor Diocletian (d 305) started a general persecution but it ended up in the Church’s triumph. 1. The Second Age: The Christian Empire (325-640) 1. Growth: The “conversion” of Emperor Constantine (312) and the foundation of the new capital of the Christian...
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...regards his body, emerged finally from the spontaneous continuous change of imperfect nature to the more perfect, is clearly opposed to Sacred Scripture and to the Faith." The next official statement of the Church, regarding the theory of evolution, took place during the First Vatican Council during 1869-1870 and it was slightly modified from the first one.In fact, it was more strict and uncompromising. Pope Pius IX declared that ''If anyone does not confess that the world and all things which are contained in it, both spiritual and material, were produced, according to their whole substance, out of nothing by God; or holds that God did not create by his will free from all necessity, but as necessarily as he necessarily loves himself; or denies that the world was created for the glory of God: let him be anathema.'' The latter thesis, is a well structured terrorizing tool, for all religious people. It is an actual threat that whoever accepts science will be an anathema4. After almost a century and years of condemnation of the evolution theory as heretic and anti-religious, Pope Pius XII in 1950, adopted a neutral position towards Darwinism. The following was written in the Papal encyclical: '' Catholics must believe that humans have souls created immediately by God. Since the soul is a spiritual substance it is not brought into being through transformation of matter, but directly by God, whence the special uniqueness of each person.'' The Church now seperates the soul from the...
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...Age of Discovery People Bartolomeu Dias – A Portuguese explorer who’s motives were “to serve God and his Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do”. Anne Boleyn – The second wife of Henry VII, she promised Henry that if he married her she would produce a son. Instead she gave birth to Elizabeth I, she was soon beheaded by Henry. Catherine of Aragon – Henry VII first wife who gave birth to a daughter, Mary. She was divorced and replaced by Anne Boleyn. Charles V – The Holy Roman Emperor who was a devoted Catholic, he opposed to Luther’s teachings. He summoned Luther to the town of Worms in 1521 to stand trial so he could take back statements. Yet Luther refused, Charles issued the Edict of Worms and declared Luther an outlaw. Charles went to war with the Protestant princesses who followed Luther, ordering all the princesses to the city of Augsburg. There the princesses signed the Peace of Augsburg. Christina de Pizan – One of the first European writeres to question different treatment of boys and girls. She was highly educated for her time and one of the first women to earn a living as a writer. She produced many books and manual son military techniques. Desiderius Erasmus – A Christian humanist who wrote his most famous work The Praise of Folly. Erasmus believed in Christianity from the heart, not one of ceremonies or rulers. He thought that in order to improve society, all must read the Bible. Edward VI – The son...
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...Evolution Abstract One paragraph… The discussion on the origin and fate of the universe continues to revolve around creationists and evolutionary ideas, though creationism positions arise mainly of religion and philosophy, while the evolution is postulated mainly from science. One wonders if possible convergence in these fields in the discussion, that is, if you can address both creationism and evolutionism from science, philosophy and religion. Theory of Evolution In science the theory of evolution explains the huge variety of life arising by postulating a process of transformation through changes in genes that lead to new adaptations to the environment. By studying the genetic structure of living beings is a verifiable fact that they are related to each other and, therefore, aims to have a common origin as the emergence of new species due to the accumulation of changes that do diverge and take different paths to adaptation to the environment. In the scientific world, biological evolution represents the interpretative key of the living world. Life began about 3500 makes 4000 million years in the form of single-celled organisms without nuclei and took about two billion years to produce the first eukaryotes (unicellular organisms with nuclei), so the start was given very slowly. However, in evolutionary history there are times with a high evolutionary rate as the Cambrian period (540 to 520 million years, they were many forms of multicellular life). They also appeared...
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...Christian, as of 2009. This is down from 86% in 1990 and slightly lower than 78.6% in 2001. Christianity was introduced to the Americas as it was first colonized by Europeans beginning in the 16th and 17th centuries. Today most Christian churches are Mainline Protestant, Evangelical, or Roman Catholic. Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, claiming over a billion members. Its spiritual and administrative head is the Pope. The Church's leadership body in the United States is the U. S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, made up of the hierarchy of bishops and archbishops of the United States and the U.S. Virgin Islands, although each bishop is independent in his own diocese, answerable only to the Pope. Catholic beliefs and worship are detailed in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Catechism of the Catholic Church (or CCC) is the official text of the teachings of the Catholic Church. A provisional, "reference text" was issued by Pope John Paul II on October 11, 1992 "the thirtieth anniversary of the opening of the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council" with his apostolic constitution, Fidei depositum. The new Catechism was first published in 1994 in French and was then translated into many other languages. Catholic tradition and doctrine holds that the Catholic Church was founded by Jesus Christ in the 1st century A.D. The New Testament records Jesus's activities and teaching, his claims and personal death and resurrection...
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...which was the controversy over heliocentrism. Most of the people believed in the geocentric view, which was that the earth was the center of the universe and that all “heavenly bodies” orbited around the Earth, but Galileo defended heliocentrism, he supported the idea in which the sun does rise and set, and argued a different movement of the earth. In the year 1615 Galileo's writings on heliocentrism had been submitted to the Roman Inquisition, which defended the ideas of Copernicus, but the Inquisition did not like this so, Galileo was later sent to Rome to defend him and Copernican ideas. In 1616, the Inquisition order declared heliocentrism to be "foolish and absurd in philosophy, and formally heretical since it explicitly contradicts in many places the sense of Holy Scripture."(94). As time went on Pope Urban VIII had asked Galileo to continue writing, “Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems”, with...
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...nothing about scientists who try to explain something will not give up until they find an answer. The same is true for ultimate questions; “the thirst for truthful answers to them is so deeply rooted in the human heart that ignoring them would cast our existence in leopard.” There are different kinds of truths “most depend on immediate evidence confirmed by experimentation, philosophical truth obtained by the speculative power of the human intellectual finally the religious truths of the different religions traditions to some degree grounded in philosophy.” Philosophical truths are not the domain women direct their lives according to their own philosophies. At this point the question about the link between faith and reason (philosophy and religion, philosophy and Jesus Christ) is asked. WHAT OTHER PEOPLE COMMENT ABOUT THE LINK BETWEEN FAITH AND REASON. Before venturing into this one thing has to be noted about philosophy “human beings do not live alone: born into a family they enter a...
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...Ninety-Five Theses was a. his excommunication from the Roman Catholic church. b. the sale of indulgences. c. his time spent in England during the English Reformation. d. the turmoil caused by having two popes during the Great Schism. e. the influence of John Calvin. 2. The author of the Ninety-Five Theses was a. John Calvin. b. Erasmus. c. Voltaire. d. Martin Luther. e. Henry VIII. 3. The Catholic church dramatically pushed the sale of indulgences in the sixteenth century because of the a. need to match the resurgence of the Byzantine empire. b. threat posed by Islam. c. need for Henry VIII to pay off the national debt. d. expense associated with translating original Greek classics. e. need to raise funds for the construction of St. Peter’s basilica. 4. Which one of the following was not one of Luther’s problems with the Roman Catholic church? a. the selling of indulgences b. pluralism c. absenteeism d. the immense wealth of the Catholic church e. the church’s decision to translate the Bible into vernacular languages 5. Who said, “I cannot and will not recant anything, for it is neither safe nor right to act against one’s conscience. Here I stand. I can do no other.”? a. Martin Luther b. Jesus c. John Calvin d. Sima Qian e. Henry VIII 6. In the centuries following the fall of Rome, the only unifying force for all of Europe was a. the Byzantine empire. b. the Holy Roman empire. c. the Catholic...
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