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Surecut Shears

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TUGAS MATA KULIAH MANAJEMEN TRESURI

STUDI KASUS “SURECUT SHEARS, Inc”

Disusun Oleh:
FEBRIANTI K. - 1106112624
JUANITO GUNAWAN – 1106113141
MUHAMMAD HARTADI - 1106113570
PATRON M. HARA – 1106113892

MAGISTER MANAJEMEN UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
JAKARTA
2012
LATAR BELAKANG
SureCut Shears adalah perusahaan manufaktur di Amerika Serikat yang memproduksi gunting dan alat potong untuk keperluan rumah tangga maupun keperluan industri. Saluran distribusi SureCut Shears dilakukan melalui pedagang khusus dan toko swalayan. Sejak tahun 1958, dalam perjalanan bisnisnya SureCut Shears selalu menghasilkan profit meskipun dalam kondisi persaingan yang ketat.
Bisnis SureCut Shears adalah bisnis musiman yang memiliki siklus puncak dan siklus jatuh. Untuk mengantisipasi siklus bisnis seperti ini perlu upaya SureCut Shears dalam mengatur seluruh pola produksi bisnisnya terutama dalam hal pendanaan. Pada kondisi permintaan tinggi SureCut Shears akan membutuhkan dana untuk ekspansi kapasitas produksinya. Sehingga pada bulan Juni 1995, SureCut Shears menyusun proposal untuk melakukan pinjaman kepada Hudson National Bank senilai $3,5 juta dengan perkiraan akan terbayar lunas pada bulan Desember 1995. Selanjutnya Hudson National Bank menyetujui pinjaman tersebut didasarkan pada laporan Proforma Income Statement dan Balance Sheet SureCut Shears yang dinilainya cukup optimis. Hudson National Bank juga memberikan tambahan kredit kepada SureCut Shears pada bulan September 1995 sebesar $350.000.
Namun ternyata kondisi real tidak sesuai dengan perkiraan awal, pada bulan Januari 1996 SureCut Shears mengalami penurunan pada kondisi keuangannya. Hal ini diakibatkan tingkat penjualan SureCut Shears menurun yang disebabkan oleh adanya dampak resesi ekonomi Amerika Serikat, dan juga kebijakan manajemen yang buruk seperti mempertahankan tingkat persediaan yang stabil tanpa memperhitungkan penurunan pada tingkat penjualan.
Pada awal April 1996, SureCut Shears menginformasikan kepada Hudson National Bank bahwa perusahaannya tidak mampu melunasi hutang jangka pendeknya dengan tepat waktu. Hudson National Bank kemudian memiliki alternatif keputusan terhadap kelanjutan pinjaman yang dilakukan SureCut Shears; apakah akan memberikan tambahan pinjaman kepada SureCut Shears sebagai modal kerja agar perusahaan mampu membayar kembali hutangnya atau tidak memberikan pinjaman lagi.

IDENTIFIKASI MASALAH
Hal apa yang menyebabkan SureCut Shears tidak mampu (gagal) membayar tagihan pinjamannya kepada Hudson National Bank? Apakah sebaiknya Hudson National Bank tetap memberikan pinjaman kepada SureCut Shears atau tidak?

PEMBAHASAN
Siklus bisnis SureCut Shears memiliki tren yang cyclical. Dimana sales meningkat pada semester kedua (Juli – Desember) dan cenderung menurun pada semester pertama (Januari – Juni). Kegagalan SureCut Shears melunasi hutang salah satunya disebabkan karena penjualan yang menurun pada saat peak season. Penurunan penjualan ini disebabkan oleh resesi ekonomi yang terjadi di Amerika Serikat dimana seharusnya pada periode ini terjadi peningkatan penjualan SureCut Shears. Keadaan ini selanjutnya mempersulit SureCut Shears karena dalam perjanjiannya kepada Hudson National Bank, SureCut Shears akan melunasi hutangnya pada bulan desember dengan harapan pada peak season (Juli-Desember) SureCut Shears akan mendapat banyak uang dan bisa langsung melunasi hutangnya. Tetapi pada kenyataannya penjualan tidak seperti yang diharapkan.
Selanjutnya dalam analisa kami berdasarkan commonsize income statement SureCut Shears dapat dilihat bahwa terjadi beberapa kenaikan di faktor biaya seperti pada tabel di bawah ini.

Tabel.1 Commonsize Income Statement SureCut Shears Inc. Juli 1995 – Maret 1996 | Forecast | Actual | Commonsize I/S | | | sales | 100% | 100% | material | 60% | 63% | overhead | 10% | 12% | gross margin | 30% | 25% | selling | 9% | 11% | ebt | 20% | 14% | eat | 20% | 9% | retained earning | 9% | 5% |

Dari tabel di atas dapat diketahui bahwa terjadi kenaikan biaya material dan tenaga kerja sebesar 3 basis point (3%) dari forecast terhadap keadaan aktual SureCut Shears. Selain itu biaya overhead dan biaya penjualan dan administrasi juga mengalami peningkatan masing-masing sebesar 2 basis point (2%). Dari Biaya overhead yang hanya sebesar 10% pada forecast awal meningkat menjadi 12% pada keadaan nyata. Begitupun dengan biaya penjualan dan administrasi yang semula diproyeksikan hanya sebesar 9% kini naik menjadi 11%.
Program modernisasi pabrik yang dilakukan SureCut juga ternyata tidak memberikan cost saving sebesar $900.000 per tahunnya sebagaimana dijanjikan oleh SureCut. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari proforma income statement dimana material and labor cost tetap saja di level 60% dari sales, padahal program modernisasi pabrik telah selesai pada Agustus 1995, dan untuk itu seharusnya sejak Agustus 1995 material and labor cost dapat ditekan ke level di bawah 60%. Keadaan aktual pun ternyata lebih buruk lagi, dimana dari actual income statement dapat diketahui ternyata ukuran material and labor cost malah mencapai level 63% dari sales.
Kesalahan SureCut juga terletak kepada sistem produksi barang (inventory) yang menggunakan sistem produksi dengan tingkat yang tetap sepanjang tahun, padahal SureCut pun sadar bahwa sales perusahaan memiliki cycle tertentu (ada upturn dan downturn) setiap tahunnya. Hal ini membuat inventory SureCut Shears menumpuk pada saat low season, yang selanjutnya akan menimbulkan cost tambahan bagi SureCut Shears. Tumpukan nilai inventory ini berarti terdapat pembesaran dalam sisi aset, dimana hal ini seharusnya diimbangi oleh financing di sisi kewajiban atau pengeluaran cash untuk membiayai inventory tersebut.Berdasarkan commonsize balance sheet dapat dilihat pada tabel di bawah ini.
Tabel.2. Commonsize Balance Sheet SureCut Shears Inc. Juli 1995 – Maret1996 | Forecast | Actual | Commonsize B/S | | | | | Cash | 6% | 2% | A/R | 7% | 7% | Inventory | 17% | 19% | Plant | 70% | 72% | | | | Bank Loan | 0% | 3% | A/P | 2% | 1% | Other | 1% | 1% | Mortgage | 30% | 30% | CS | 29% | 30% | R/E | 38% | 35% |

Dari tabel di atas dapat diketahui bahwa aktual kas SureCut hanya 2% dari total asset. Sementara pada forecast diproyeksikan mencapai 6% dari total aset. Dan terlihat juga bahwa inventory meningkat sebesar 2 basis point (2%) dari 17% pada forecast menjadi 19% pada keadaan aktual.
Selain itu, program modernisasi pabrik yang tidak berhasil mendatangkan cost saving ini tentu selanjutnya memberi dampak memberatkan perusahaan karena modernisasi pabrik menambah nilai net plant di sisi aset, yang berarti membutuhkan financing di sisi kewajiban.
Kebijakan credit policy mereka pun ternyata bermasalah dimana account payable period 30 hari dibandingkan account collection period-nya (45 hari). Hal ini menyebabkan SureCut Shears kesulitan dalam mengelola cashflow. Secara sederhana dapat diartikan bahwa uang dari customer belum sempat dicairkan namun SureCut Shears harus sudah melunasi kewajibanya.

KESIMPULAN
Menurut kelompok kami kesalahan yang paling mendasar SureCut Shears terhadap ketidakmampuannya dalam membayar tagihan hutangnya kepada Hudson National Bank adalah forecasting dari SureCut Shears yang terlalu optimis dan tidak mempertimbangkan faktor2 lain seperti kemungkinan terjadinya resesi. Selain itu pada proses operasionalnya dimana sales menurun, SureCut Shears juga tidak melakukan efisiensi biaya operasi seperti minimalisasi inventori dan percepat account collection period.
Hudson National Bank sebaiknya memberikan perpanjangan pinjaman kepada SureCut Shears dengan syarat SureCut Shears dapat memperbaiki kinerjanya di periode selanjutnya.

LESSON LEARNED Sebuah perusahaan perlu melakukan forecasting pembiayaan operasional yang mempertimbangkan segala jenis kondisi, baik pada keadaan resesi, stabil maupun optimis.

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