...and Kidney Disease There is a very possible connection between the diseases affecting both the heart and kidney. Kidney disease can be a cause of heart disease. Having a kidney disease can amplify the risk of death from heart disease. Someone who is suffering from a kidney disease might not think to also have their heart looked at and examined. Even if there are or are not other risk factors for heart disease present, it is more likely that people who have kidney disease also have heart disease than those people who do not have a kidney disease and vice versa. The number one killer of all Americans is heart disease. It is more common in people who have even mild to moderate kidney disease. The cause of death in people who have a kidney disease is most often linked to heart disease. On the other hand, kidney disease is also common among people with heart disease. Abnormal kidney function in people appears to increase their risk of developing a heart disease. During the beginning stages of kidney diseases heart disease may also be present; even those that suffer from the smallest diminishment in kidney function should be encouraged to protect their heart. The heart and kidneys are viewed as one interlinked system inside the body by Doctors, instead of two separate organs. Is there a link between the two? Why does one organ affect the other when diagnosed with either disease? As you read on you will read about both organs and their functions, risk factors of diseases, and...
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... Therefore, one of my visions is for nurses to take on a more active role as a patient educator in efforts to prevent exacerbation, hospitalization and re-hospitalization. As a result of introducing this vision, patients will have a) improved quality of life, b) decreased exacerbation, hospitalization and re-hospitalization, c) increased knowledge and understanding of their disease, d) improved dignity and self esteem, and e) patients will have more autonomy in their care. In order for one to implement ones vision, there are many key concepts that need to be considered and put into place which should incorporate the importance and the impact these concepts will have on the vision. Communicating to patients about the specific disease, diagnosis and the risks involved. Patients need to be educated on the diagnosis, why they are at risk, what factors constitute risk, why are particular patients more at risk and how can risk be minimized. For example, patients who have Kidney Disease need to be educated on what is Kidney Disease, what organs of the body is affected by Kidney Disease, where the kidney is located...
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...Noncommunicable Diseases: Chronic Kidney Failure Did you know that your kidneys are like a filter for your body as they work to clear out toxins and excess waste from your system? Kidneys play an important role in your body, and it is a major issue when they start to not function properly. When these vital organs fail, it is called chronic kidney failure which is a noncommunicable disease. I chose to research more on this subject as my grandfather suffered from kidney failure and I wanted to learn and grow awareness about this common disease. As mentioned, chronic kidney failure occurs when your kidneys fail to do their job of filtering out wastes which then exit though your urine. Many individuals do not realize they are suffering from kidney failure until it is in its very late stages, as the symptoms are not definite to the disease and not obvious. Some symptoms can include nausea, shortness of breath, swelling of the feet, changes in urination, and changes in mental status....
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...both kidneys to form urine from any cause is a life-threatening condition called end-stage kidney disease” (Wingerd 322). From the name of the disease you can see that it is the last stage in renal failure. End-stage kidney failure is preceded by chronic renal failure that gets worse “until less than 10% of renal function remains” (Huether and McCance 1253). It can lead to death if it is not treated immediately. According to Bruce Wingerd, an “aggressive course of action” is required to save the patient’s life (322). This can include “hemodialysis and, if possible, kidney transplant” (Wingerd 322). The symptoms of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) may vary from person to person. The most common symptoms are swelling, fever, weakness, muscle cramps, no or high urine output, and abdominal pain (Johns Hopkins Medicine). According to John Hopkins Medicine, high blood pressure, diabetic nephropathy, and cystinosis can cause kidney damage that may lead to the development of ESKD. When a person’s blood pressure is high for too long it puts pressure on the kidneys to filter more blood which causes stress. Stress causes damage that makes it harder for the kidneys to function adequately. The symptoms of kidney failure are similar to the symptoms of other common illnesses. Because of the similarities in symptoms, it is important to get a checkup with your doctor in order to know what is really going on....
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...Kidney disease 1 Running Head: CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE Understanding Chronic Kidney Disease Kim Prior Rock Valley College Kidney disease 2 Understanding Chronic Kidney Disease Chronic kidney disease is a growing problem with increasing numbers of patients being diagnosed and those beginning dialysis or the transplant process. “Currently, 26 million Americans have CKD…and 111,000 patients were newly diagnosed with end-stage renal disease in 1 year” (Castner, 2010, p. 26). Chronic kidney disease develops over years and can be considered a silent disease because many patients with this disease are diagnosed while being tested for another condition. Signs and symptoms of the disease are dependent on the cause, stage, and other medical conditions the patient has that may complicate the kidney disease. The first step is to identify patients with increased risk factors and early signs and symptoms of kidney disease. Risk factors include a family history, diabetes, smoking, obesity, hypertension, exposure to harmful substances that may injure the kidneys, and cardiac conditions such as heart failure or acute myocardial infarction (Castner, 2010). Patients that have these risk factors should be evaluated frequently by their physician as well as educated about lifestyle changes to decrease their risk (weight loss, exercise, smoking cessation, blood sugar control, blood pressure monitoring, and a healthy diet. Early signs and symptoms include fatigue...
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...blood pressure and high cholesterol. But like I stated earlier she became mentally strong and more capable to deal with whatever life had in store for her. Unfortunately 1 year ago my grandmother once again was diagnosed with another disease called Diabetic Nephropathy. This disease became very dangerous to my grandmother’s life and thank God that she is the person that she is because she continues to fight. Definition Diabetic Nephropathy is a disease that damages the kidneys. The damages that are done to the kidneys are usually the result of complications that come from having diabetes. Diabetic Nephropathy can also be called Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease or diabetic glomerulosclerosis. But regardless what name you give this disease it still takes the same toll on a person’s body by damaging their kidney. Etiology According to www.medlineplus.com , the exact cause of Diabetic Nephropathy is unknown. But through different studies the caused is believed to be caused by high uncontrolled blood sugar usually found in diabetic patients. In some cases it can be caused by your genes or family history may play a role. The kidney is very important to the body it filters the blood of the body helping the body to maintain homeostasis. Each kidney is made up of hundreds of nephrons that act as filters. The nephrons have a group of tiny blood vessels called glomerulus’s....
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...surgery to replace several blocked vessels in her heart. On her first day postoperatively, it was noted that she had very little urine output. What is happening to Ms. Jones’s kidneys, and why is it causing the observed symptom? Acute Kidney failure occurs when your kidneys suddenly become unable to filter waster products from your blood.(www.mayoclinic.org). Acute kidney failure fails into three categories such as prerenal, postrenal, and renal. Mrs. Jones suffers from Acute Renal Failure which means that the kidneys itself that prevent filtration of blood or production or urine. Kidneys is what filter the body's blood, it produces roughly about one milliliter of urine a minute and when the urine changes it is expected to shut down of the kidneys. Mrs. Jones body may have went into shock due to the surgery that she underwent, and an abnormal amount of urine is also known as oliguria. What other symptoms and signs might occur? The other symptoms that Mrs. Jones may suffer are breath odor, mood changes, decreased appetite, decreased sensation, fatigue, flank pain, tremor in the hands, high blood pressure, Nausea, nosebleeds, hiccups, seizures, shortness of breath, slow movements, swelling in the ankles, feet, and legs, and Urination changes. What is causing Ms. Jones’s kidney disease? Mrs. Jones's disease is caused by the surgery to fix the blocked blood vessels that were located in her heart. The blood is now able to pass through and fill the blood vessels, and the damage from...
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...Renal hypertension is an elevated blood pressure caused by kidney disease. It is caused by a narrowing in the artery that delivers blood to the kidney. Renal hypertension usually causes no symptoms. The narrowing in the arteries can't be felt. Unless it's dangerously high, high blood pressure causes no symptoms either. Symptoms of severely elevated blood pressure include: • Headache • Confusion • Blurry or double vision • Bloody (pink-colored) urine • Nosebleed The vast majority of people with renal hypertension never experience these (or any) symptoms. High blood pressure is dangerous partly because there are no symptoms, so organ damage can occur slowly without being recognized.Renal hypertension can cause chronic kidney disease. This is a slow decline in kidney function. Until the condition is well advanced, chronic kidney disease also causes no symptoms.Because there are usually no symptoms, a doctor may suspect renal hypertension when someone has uncontrolled high blood pressure despite multiple medications or has unexplained chronic kidney disease. With Renal hypertension due to renal artery narrowing, medications can effectively control blood pressure. In some people with renal hypertension due to narrowing of the renal artery, even taking three or more medications every day cannot adequately control blood pressure. In these situations, a procedure to improve blood flow to the kidneys can often help. Possible procedures include the following: Angioplasty, Stenting...
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...severity or complexity of the disease process. With a change in healthcare on the horizon an examination into the area and the current school of thought is a must. While renal failure is just one small area of the healthcare sector, it is rapidly growing and affecting more and more every day. According to the data from the CDC more than 4.4 million Americans are diagnosed with some form of kidney disease (CDC). Renal Failure is best defined when the kidneys no longer work properly. Now one might ask, what do the kidneys do? The kidney’s simply remove metabolic waste and water from the human body and maintain homeostasis. Without the kidneys functioning properly the body will no longer make urine and dangerous electrolyte abnormalities can occur. One must realize there are several categories of renal failure. The two main classifications are Acute and Chronic Renal Failure. Acute Renal Failure is best defined as rapid and new onset renal failure sometimes reversible when treated appropriately while Chronic Renal Failure long term and irreversible unless treated via transplant. Now that a basic foundation definition of Renal Failure has been established, one must gain knowledge of what causes Renal Failure. Now that there is a basic understanding to what Renal Failure is the next step is to find out causes of the disease. This is where Acute Renal Failure (ARF) and Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) start to really differ. ARF can be caused by many disease processes or injuries such...
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...renal failure: Ms. Jones, a 68-year-old female, underwent open-heart surgery to replace several blocked vessels in her heart. On her first day postoperatively, it was noted that she had very little urine output. 1. What is happening to Ms. Jones’s kidneys, and why is it causing the observed symptom? Ms. Jones just had open-heart surgery and her kidneys did not have enough blood flowing to them (possibly because of low blood pressure during the surgery) and are struggling to work effectively now (The Mayo Clinic Staff, 2011). 2. What other symptoms and signs might occur? Confusion, Fluid retention, fatigue, drowsiness, and an ammonia smell to the breath are a few other signs and symptoms that may occur with acute renal failure although some signs may be confused with post-operative complaints (The Mayo Clinic Staff, 2011). 3. What is causing Ms. Jones’s kidney disease? Ms. Jones’s recent open-heart surgery is most likely the cause of her kidney disease. Low blood pressure during the operation caused her kidneys to stop working because of lack of blood to the organ to filter toxins from the body (Leurs, 1989). 4. What are possible treatment options, and what is the prognosis? A variety of medication can be used to treat kidney failure in this case, including temporary dialysis (The Mayo Clinic Staff, 2011). The prognosis for Ms. Jones is good she will most likely recover, and suffer no long term effects. Scenario B Chronic renal failure: Mr. Hodges, a 73-year-old man,...
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...A lot of people don’t know what lupus is but it is very common and today I will inform you on what it is, causes, risk factors, symptoms, side effects and complications, test and diagnosing, treatment, and little incite on how someone with lupus feel. Lupus is a long-term autoimmune disorder that may affect the skin, joints, kidneys, brain, and other organs. Lupus is a very hard disease to discover because of it’s on and off symptoms. Lupus has four types: systemic, discoid, drug-induced, and neonatal and systemic is the most common out of the four. What is Lupus? Lupus is an autoimmune disease, which means the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. Under normal function, the immune system makes proteins called antibodies in order to protect and fight against antigens such as viruses and bacteria. Lupus makes the immune system unable to differentiate between antigens and healthy tissue. This leads the immune system to direct antibodies against the healthy tissue - not just antigens - causing swelling, pain, and tissue damage. An antigen is a substance capable of inducing a specific immune response. This leads to long-term (chronic) inflammation. Causes and risk factors The underlying cause of autoimmune diseases is not fully, but most believe that lupus results from both genetic and environmental stimuli. Since lupus is known to occur within families, doctors believe that it is possible to inherit a genetic predisposition to lupus. There are no...
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...Running Head: CASE STUDY IN INEFFECTIVE PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT Case Study in Ineffective Pharmacological Management Southern University A&M College Graduate Nursing 652 Dr. Blair April 23rd, 2015 Introduction In the case study of Mr. J; he has been exhibiting dyspnea upon exertion and fatigue. His blood pressure was 170/95 mmHg. After reviewing his labs; his LDL level was 200 mg/dl. Upon physical examination, he was found to have peripheral edema and jugular vein distention. A chest X-ray revealed cardiomegaly and pleural effusion. An echogram has also been scheduled. Based on his signs and symptoms, the physician suspects Mr. J has new onset Stage C heart failure. Mr. J has multiple prescribed drugs for Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, Parkinson’s, Gout and Depression. After careful reviewing Mr. J’s medications there is concerns ineffective pharmacological management. Ineffective pharmacological management refers to medication therapy prescribed that does not take into account the patient’s age, diagnoses and comorbidities; therefore leading to complications of existing health problems. Side effects, adverse reactions and drug to drug interactions have to also be considered when reviewing a patient’s medication regimen. The drug categories most commonly involved in adverse reaction are cardiovascular agents, antibiotic, diuretics, anticoagulants, hypoglycemic, steroids, opioids, anticholinergic...
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...little urine output. 1. What is happening to Ms. Jones’s kidneys, and why is it causing the observed symptom? Since Ms. Jones just had open-heart surgery to replace the blocked vessels in her heart, her kidneys did not have enough blood flowing to them. This may have been a result from low blood pressure during the surgery, and they are struggling to work properly now the surgery is over (Mayo Clinic, 2012, Acute kidney failure). 2. What other symptoms and signs might occur? Some of the other symptoms and signs that might occur to Ms. Jones after she underwent open-heart surgery are headache, gastrointestinal distress, and the odor of ammonia on her breath. More important, high levels of blood potassium can cause muscle weakness and slow the heart to the point it stops (Zelman, Tompary, Raymond, Holdaway & Mulvihill, 2010, p. 242). 3. What is causing Ms. Jones’s kidney disease? Ms. Jones’s kidney disease is most likely because of the recent open-heart surgery she had. As a result, the low blood pressure during the surgery caused her kidneys to stop working properly because of the lack of blood flow to the organ to filter the toxins from her body (Zelman, Tompary, Raymond, Holdaway & Mulvihill, 2010, p. 242). 4. What are possible treatment options, and what is the prognosis? Ms. Jones’s doctor can use a number of medications to treat her kidney...
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...Kidney Failure HCA/240 Instructor: October, 2011 Axia College of University of Phoenix Kidney Failure I was given two scenarios to look at and answer questions about. This paper will show what the scenarios are. It will also include what I feel are the correct answers are by the research that has been done. Scenario A: Acute renal failure A 68 year old female named Ms. Jones underwent open-heart surgery to replace blocked vessels in the heart. The first day of her postoperatively the notes showed that Ms. Jones has had very little production of urine. What is happening to her kidneys and why it is causing the observed symptom? According to the symptom that was noted for Ms. Jones it looks like her kidneys are failing and leading to kidney failure. Kidneys filter the human body’s blood, producing about one milliliter of urine a minute and when the urine changes it is due to shutting down of the kidneys. This could be because the body is in shock due to the surgery that was preformed, and the abnormal amount of urine is also known as oliguria. What other symptoms and signs might occur? There are other systems and signs that might occur due to the kidney failure. One is due to accumulation of compounds containing nitrogen in the blood the smell of ammonia in the mouth. Others can include headaches and gastrointestinal distress. In some cases an elevated level of potassium in the blood known as hyperkalemia. Some other...
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...heart. On her first day postoperatively, it was noted that she had very little urine output. 1. What is happening to Ms. Jones’s kidneys, and why is it causing the observed symptom? Ms. Jones is experiencing acute renal failure that is caused by a decreased blood flow to the kidneys. The significant signs of acute renal failure are characterized by a sudden drop in urine volume (Zelman, M., Tompary, E., Raymond, Holdaway, P., & Mulvihill, M., 2010). 2. What other symptoms and signs might occur? Ms. Jones may experience the following symptoms: headache, gastrointestinal distress, odor of ammonia on the breath caused by accumulation in the blood of nitrogen-containing compounds and hyperkalemia, which is elevated blood potassium that causes muscle weakness and can slow the heart the point of cardiac arrest (Zelman, M., Tompary, E., Raymond, Holdaway, P., & Mulvihill, M., 2010). 3. What is causing Ms. Jones’s kidney disease? Ms. Jones’ open heart surgery was the cause of her kidney disease. She is experiencing surgical shock following an incompatible blood transfusion, which causes acute renal failure (Zelman, M., Tompary, E., Raymond, Holdaway, P., & Mulvihill, M., 2010). 4. What are possible treatment options, and what is the prognosis? Possible treatment options for acute kidney failure would typically require a hospital stay and restoring blood to normal volume with the use of necessary electrolytes, restricted...
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