...Allen Alinea Professor Kong Chinese Literature Translation I 30 April 2008 Oppression: Seizing the Frustration Throughout China’s long and ever-changing history, it was the people who had to go through the times of warring states and foreign invasion. From the Zhou Dynasty to the renaissance of the philosophical ideas of Confucius to the twentieth century occupation by the Empire of Japan, China has a long history of social oppression. Despite the destruction of many ancient writings, Chinese literature had flourished during these times. History has shown the abuse of power results in the oppression of the people. In ancient China, the aristocracy conveyed frequent, social changes. These social changes consequently lead to invariable Wars between states. It was evident that there was an unfair line drawn between the wealthy and the poor during the wars. The poor were forced to fight the wars during these times, while the rich accumulated a substantial amount of wealth. Besides domestic oppression, the people of China experienced invasion from foreign countries like Portugal, Great Britain, Russia, France, the United States, and Japan. In the late 1800s, China experienced an uprising, known as the Boxer Rebellion, due to the oppression caused by their foreign invaders. Through literature, excluding the propaganda, one can understand the social desires and thoughts of an entire nation. The “Foolish Old Man Who Removed Mountains” and “the Tale of the Peach Blossom Spring”...
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...|Topics in cultural studies | |Comparing Early Greece and Rome | |[Differences Between Early Greece and Rome] | | | |Mandy Shoplak | |[3/26/13] | |[You will see that there are many differences between early Greece and Rome but there are also some similarities as well, with their geography, government, societies, economy, trading, architecture, and | |philosophies. ...
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... Development of Human Rights: From Past to Present The word human right is derived from Latin word “Homo” meaning man and homonus mean belonging to man. Human rights are right to which every person is entitled by virtue of being human living in society of other human. According to Thomas Paine, In rights of man is 1721 about French revolution that the representation of people of France feels that ignorance of human right are the main curse of public misfortune. Cicero the statesman the orator of ancient Rome, produced the work that the reflected the principle of Roman public and rights rights of citizen. Human rights are mainly social, economic and political rights. The doctrine of human rights has been highly influential within international law, global and regional institutions. Actions by states and non-governmental organizations form a basis of public policy worldwide. The idea of human right suggests that "if the public discourse of peacetime global society can be said to have a common moral language, it is that of human rights. (Kaur) The strong claims made by the doctrine of human rights continue to provoke considerable skepticism and debates about the content, nature and justifications of human rights to this day. The precise meaning...
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...Chinese Empire were both culturally brilliant and geographically extensive. Thus, Bertrand Russell in the chapter ‘Reflections of the Re-awakening East’ says that it is the narrow outlook of the Europeans to term this period “The Dark Ages”. Q.2 On what grounds does the author argue that Communism is the “most modern and virulent form of Western Imperialism”? Ans. In the chapter ‘Reflections on the Re-awakening East’ Bertrand Russell argues that Communism is the most modern and bitterly hostile form of Western policy to establish their political and economic hegemony over other nations. He says that although Communism is not widely recognized in either the East or the West, it is wiping out the ancient and glorious traditions of civilization in Asia. He also says that China has been greatly affected by it and advises the other Asian countries that re-awakening of East should not mean subjection to Communism as its philosophy is German and its regime is imposed by military force. In addition, he says that poetry and music and art and love and the simple joys of life are necessary to make human life tolerable, but these elements are forgotten in the Communist philosophy. That is why Bertrand Russell considers Communism the most modern and virulent...
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...Introduction As the strongest country in the world, America can done all kinds of oppressions onto any country that US like either through strong military force, from economic way and also social of that country. American corporations and popular culture has actually affects the lives and infect the indigenous cultures of millions around the world. Due to the foreign policy of the US government, backed by its military strength, has unprecedented global influence now that the America is the world’s only superpower-its first ‘hyperpower’. America lead all the ways whereby it exports its value systems, defining what it means to be civilized, rational-indeed, what actually it is to be human. Apart from that, America itself is impervious to outside influence, and if most Americans think of the rest of the world at all, it is in terms of deeply ingrained cultural stereotypes. Many people do hate America from Middle East to the developing countries as well as in Europe. Along with the happening of tragedy 9-11, public has focused on the question-‘Why do people hate America?’ This is a loaded question and not simply a statement. However, it would not be weird if people hate America as they often oppressed many other weaker countries especially countries from the Third World. The oppressions done by America can be grouped into three major ways that are politically, economically, and from the social aspect too. Politics The brand of external interventionism adopted by...
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...ethical behavior. Many support it because it has a feel-good factor, and this rule is viewed as ‘good’. Unfortunately, this ethic of reciprocity may not always work. It seems to be merely a goodwill gesture, and is not necessarily a practical belief to enforce. There are different ways that people seem to practice the Golden Rule. There is the high end of the rule, in which we are taught to be kind to our enemies. While this action might be truly selfless, this aspect has often been the catalyst of historical atrocities. Indoctrinated masses, failing to revolt against corrupt and ruthless rulers, have easily been led into war and oppression. In A History of Sin, Oliver Thompson says, “At its higher level it becomes more generous and less mercenary, recognizing the superior quality of idea as formulated for instance by Lao Tzu in ancient China: 'For good return good: for evil return good’”. (Thompson, 1993) This impractical ethic has only ever been truly realized by asocial groups who tend to break away from the rest of the world. Rather than creating a working ethic that increases the overall goodness of the world, they abandon the world to the more cruel leaders who they fail to oppose. (Crabtree, 2001) On the lower end of the Golden Rule, it is stated that you should do to others as they do to you. This more common form of the ethic of reciprocity is as impractical as the first. As an example, soldiers at war are going to have a different view of what may...
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...After obtaining power over the state, dominant discourse was centred on class struggle (Wang, 2008, p. 789). Propaganda and education presented the CCP’s journey to power as a “revolution” (p. 789) against the oppression of the Chinese people under Dynastic rule and the corruptness of the KMT. This was done to inspire confidence in communist leadership, differentiating themselves as the sole “vanguards” (p. 789) of Chinese ethnic-nationalism. This shows an instrumental use of collective memory of the events leading up to independence, heavily centred on the struggle and eventual victory against would-be oppressors was implemented to shore up legitimacy for CCP rule (Wang, 2008, p. 787). With news of troubles in Eastern European communist states in the 1980s and personal experiences of suffering under the CCP during the Cultural Revolution, faith and appeal of the communist ideology started eroding, eventually externalised in the pro-democratic Tiananmen...
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...Unfortunately, it seems that this is one of those arguments that keeps us from moving forward. What frustrates me the most about the whole argument is how unnecessary—and ridiculously riddled with misconceptions and outright insulting fabrications—it is. Homosexuality seems to be too difficult a concept for our society to accept, but it is too real, and too ancient, an issue to deny. My purpose for writing this paper is to address one of the myths about homosexuality, and in doing so make a vital point about the biggest misconception that exists on the subject. In a society where each consecutive generation pushes the boundaries of social norms and acceptable behavior further outside of polite society’s comfort zone, fads and rebellions are commonplace. Often homosexuality gets lumped in with these fleeting trends and is seen as something transitory, something that will go away if denied acceptance long enough. On the contrary, homosexuality is not something new or impermanent. Rather it is a concept, a fact of life, which has been with us since the earliest recorded histories of man. In this essay I will show how ancient societies—the ancestors of everyone in this great country—reacted to the presence of homosexuality. I will explain how all of these diverse peoples, all over the globe, recorded in their histories and their art not only the presence of homosexuality in their societies, but also their acceptance of...
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...African Christianity: A case study on Theology in Africa Today Christianity is a term that is used very broadly. Over the past few decades Christianity has mainly been predominate in the West and looked upon as a Western religion. For example, one would not expect high number of Christians in places overseas like Indonesia where it is a Muslim majority country. But as times have gone on the number of Christians throughout the entire world have drastically increased since then. According to the Phew Form, the top countries with the largest number of Christians are the United States, Brazil, Mexico, Russia, Germany, Philippines, China, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Ethiopia. In fact Indonesia actually contains more Christians than the combined 20 countries within Middle East-North Africa region (Phew, 2011, 13). According to Barrett, within multiple graphs and statistics shows rapid growth of Christianity in the developing countries of the Global South, in places like Asia, Africa, and Latin America (1970). About 90% of Christians live in countries where Christians are in the majority leaving approximately 10% of Christians worldwide living as minorities (Phew, 2011). Christianity is a religion that is found everywhere throughout the world. The religion today can definitely be said to be nothing at all alike as to what it was like a century ago. Christianity has truly become a global faith accepted by people, communities, and homes across the entire world....
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...From 1949-2012, China has undergone many reforms. It has been a socialist, communist, and a weird combination of market economy/communist. These reforms are essential in explaining how China has become a major world power. China turned to socialism in 1949, because it seemed like the only answer to the numerous problems China had to face after nearly 20 years of fighting. This is the first step down the road to economic prosperity. In October 1949, Mao declared the People’s Republic of China at the Gate of Heavenly Peace in Beijing. He now faced very large problems. China had been fighting a civil war since the 1920’s and a full-scale war with the Japanese since 1937 to 1945. After nearly 20 years of fighting, China (Mao) had many problems to deal with. The country had little industry since what had existed had been destroyed after so many years of war. Money was valueless. The towns had high unemployment. The countryside was experiencing food shortages; and if the countryside was not producing food, then the cities were bound to be short of food as well. China’s population was increasing by millions a year, which would only make all shortages worse. Mao was Chairman of the People’s Republic while Zhou Enlai was the nation’s prime minister. Though Mao claimed to lead a coalition government (there were 14 separate political parties in the government), the country was run by the Communist Party. Officials from the Communist Party were put in charge of society at every different...
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...this topic because football is the world’s most popular sports and also is the one of most influential sports. People call football as ‘world movement’. Besides that, football has many football stars as we know such as David Beckham and Ronaldo Luiz Nazario De Lima. Football is an ancient sport. In the middle ages, the ancient Greeks and Romans are known to have played many ball games and some which include the use of the feet. Until early19th century, football is quite popular in Europe and some Latin or American countries especially in British. In 1848, ‘Cambridge Rules’ was born and it record all the rules of playing football. In 1863, the British Football Association was established and began the football league. In that time, football has become more professional in the world. As the sports developed rapidly around the world, the International Football was established in 1904.In 1908, football this sport was officially included in the Olympic Games projects. Where is the origin of football? Someone say the origin of football is Rome or maybe Greeks. However, many data indicate that the origin of football should be the first in China. In the ancient China, people call football as ‘kickball’, ‘taju’, ‘cuju’. To the Tang and Song Dynasties, "kickball" campaign has been very popular, among the elegant palace to become active. However, football is the most powerful sports. In this...
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... | | | | | |For many of us, death is something we would rather not think about. Why is this? Why do we not want to understand the deepest mystery of | |life? Why are we so afraid to die? These are some of the questions that beckoned me on a journey to learn about the true nature of death, | |resulting in a recently published book, Midwifing Death: Returning to the Arms of the Ancient Mother, weaving together knowledge about how| |our pre-patriarchal ancestors viewed life and death with modem stories telling how the sacred passage of death and dying can be midwifed | |in grace, love and beauty, which are all aspects of the sacred feminine in women's spirituality--the oldest spirituality on the planet. | |What I have discovered, or rather, uncovered, from the forgotten realms of our ancestors is a deep and profound wisdom of the nature of | |life, death and regeneration. In order to understand aspects of women's spirituality and their pertinence to death and dying, I feel it is| |important to have an overview and body-centered sense of what women's spirituality actually is. ...
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...Innovations that Changed European Lifestyle in the 20th Century Throughout the entire world, change is often inevitable, and different societies have witnessed change in dissimilar capacities over the course of time. Particularly, Europe has undergone several changes over the course of the twentieth century due to a number of innovations. These changes have been experienced in technology, economics, politics, and most of all, in the social arena. The changes have affected their lives of Europeans through total transformation or modification in several ways. In most instances, these changes have been driven by the need to increase production in a bid to improve the economic conditions while in some instances; the changes have been driven by the need to have more convenience in doing different things. The resultant effect of these breakthroughs came in varying capacities such as immediate change while others laid the groundwork for important developments for the future. These innovations ranged from pioneering inventions and political advancements to bold scientific and medical advancements. The adoption of the steam engine as the primary source of power marked the onset of the Industrial revolution, and it revolutionized the process of production in industries such as textiles, agriculture, and transportation (Young, 2005, p. 29). Initially, the most important source of power in the industries was muscular strength that was at times supplemented with water and wind. Even though...
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...What is Print Media? * Print media - a medium that disseminates printed matter * Medium - a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information * Public press, Press - the print media responsible for gathering and publishing news in the form of newspapers or magazines * Journalism, News media - newspapers and magazines collectively * Saizdat , Underground Press - a system of clandestine printing and distribution of dissident or banned literature Definition * The industry associated with the printing and distribution of news through newspapers and magazines. * Print media is one of the oldest and basic forms of mass communication. It includes newspapers, weeklies, magazines, monthlies and other forms of printed journals PRINT MEDIA IN INDIA * Printing technology came to India in 1556. By-Jesuit priests * The first newspaper in India was published in 1780 * The first book printed in India was in Portugese language in Old Goa. It was Doctrina Christa by St. Francis Xavier. * The variety ethnic in india is one of factors the increasing of mass media in a various language * The contribution of print media in providing information and transfer of knowledge is remarkable and has the advantage of making a longer impact on the minds of the reader, with more in-depth reporting and analysis. * The emergence of online media does not effect the requirement of print media, otherwise it generates the development of the...
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...mathematics, astronomy, trade, architecture, arts and sculpture and many other areas. Indian Kings should the world their wealth by building great many structures, acquiring rare diamonds, breeding white horses and gifting them to all the foreign dignitaries. Although it doesn’t feel like one, India was one of the richest nations in the world up to the 17th Century. In fact most of our country was attacked because of huge amounts of wealth and money that people had here. If history proves anything, it proves that in ancient times, India was the richest country in the world. The fact that she has always been the cynosure of all eyes, Asiatic or European, that people of less favored climes have always cast longing looks on her glittering treasures, and that the ambition of all conquerors has been to possess India, prove that she has been reputed to be the richest country in the world. Her sunny climate, unrivalled fertility, matchless mineral resources and world-wide exports in ancient times helped to accumulate in her bosom the wealth which made her the happy hunting grounds of adventurers and conquerors. Strabo (c. 63 BC-3 BC) Greek historian in his book Geography II, 5, 12. Describing the location of India and calls it “the greatest of all nations and the happiest in lot.” Arnold Hermann Ludwig...
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