...Unit 4 Project: Annotated Bibliography 1 Unit 4 Project: Annotated Bibliography Deborah Burris Kaplan University Unit 4 Project 2 Annotated Bibliography THESIS STATEMENT: Animal abuse does not just happen on a local level, it happens on a global scale, sometimes to unbelievable proportions. Having harsher penalties for those who abuse animals would set an example, make others think twice before committing the abuse, have the crimes become a reality, give abused animals a voice and hold abusers accountable for their actions. Beirne, P. (2009). Confronting Animal Abuse, Law, Criminology and Human-Animal Relationships. Retrieved from: http://www.ebook3000.com/animals/Confronting-Animal-Abuse--Law--Criminology--and-Human-Animal-Relationships_64354.html The e-book offered great insight into where abuse dated back to, or at least documented abuse, and gave a great prospective into the human-animal relationships. It states abuse can be traced back to 1635 in the Irish plow fields and that still to this day, animal abuse is socially...
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...of Animal Testing in Cosmetic Companies Preface The ethical treatment of animal testing is a controversial topic in the field of zoology. Different aspects on animal testing range from positivity to negativity. Animals such as dogs and rats are used for experimental trials because they have been found to have psychological and genetic correlations that relate to humans. Although the benefits and improvements to modern medicine made it possible to ban animal experimentation completely, animals are still the main subjects in cosmetic industries. Something important to keep in mind when it comes to animal experimentation is that, “Most experimentation has nothing to do with disease research… it is cosmetic product testing” (Medical News Online). According to the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) over one hundred million animals suffer from experiments to test cosmetics. Many people stand against animal experimentation claiming that animals are not ours to experiment on, and even though that’s an important point, there are many other issues that should be discussed. For example, ninety two percent of all animal trials in cosmetics that are effective on animals are ineffective on humans (ASPCA). Meaning that the reasoning behind it is the lower cost of animal testing provided to those companies. Unfortunately, theses experiments are the cheapest options and some companies are required by the FDA to test all new cosmetic ingredients on animals. Animal testing can...
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...changes that would affect Treaty Rights or established Aboriginal rights. Another Aboriginal group that advises the Federal Government on environmental issues is NACOSAR. The role of National Aboriginal Council on Species at Risk (NACOSAR) is to advise the Minister of Environment on the administration of the Act and to provide advice and recommendations to the Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council (CESCC) as set out in section 8(1) of the Act. The Federal Government has implemented various programs to ensure that the environment and the ecological systems are not damaged beyond repair due to the industrial expansion and economic development in the country. Another program that has been created to protect the ecosystem and animal species is SARA, the Species at Risk Act. Section 32 and 33...
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...Anthony Moore Psych 303-01 Dr. Katilius-Boydstun May 1, 2007 Annotated Bibliography Stressors and Their Effects on Exploratory Behavior Good, Mark, and R. C. Honey. "Dissociable Effects of Selective Lesions to Hippocampal Subsystems on Exploratory Behavior, Contextual Learning, and Spatial Learning." Behavioral Neuroscience 111 (1997): 487-493. PsychARTICLES. EBSCO. Saint Xavier University, Chicago. 24 Apr. 2007. Keyword: Exploratory behavior. The aims of this test were to assess the effect of hippocampal lesions applied to rats on both exploratory behavior and contextual freezing, and to examine the idea that neural mechanisms are shared in contextual learning and spatial learning. There were three groups in the experiment: a control group (14 rats), a group that was given lesions of the hippocampus proper (10 rats), and one that received lesions of the entorhinal cortex (8 rats). For the first part of the experiment, the rats were placed in a chamber and were given half-second footshocks every 30 seconds after being observed for three minutes. For the second part, for the first six days, rats were placed in a water maze at a randomized position and swam to a hidden platform in the pool (this was a “training” period). For half of each of the groups, the platform was placed in the northwest quadrant of the pool, and for the other half it was placed in the southeast quadrant. On day seven, the platform was removed and the time each rat spent in each quadrant...
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...world is our crime scene, and oh yeah it's dozens of feet under ground! There seems to be theory after theory and many skeptics, but I believe it to be much simpler than it all seems. The first trace of humanity all comes back to Africa and that is where it all began, as the environment evolved so did we, into different species dependent on natural selection, ultimately ending with us, well for now. If you had what it took you would prevail, if not you died out. Once the woodlands begin to die we traveled to survive. Sure some probably stayed for others emigrated out of Africa to find better food sources. It is true with any animal that you follow the food. The findings at Dmanisi seemed to shake up what we thought was true at one point. Inside of layers of basalt and ash, a team of archaeologists found thousands of stone tools animal fossils and four skulls, two of which were considered "The Old Man and the teenager" (family ties). What was interesting about the findings was, one they seemed to be a hybrid between a Homo habilis and Homo erectus, and two their age! The layers of basalt and ash surrounding the fossils was 1.75 million years old. That's half a million years older than what we previously thought of the homo erectus migration, thus changing our views on the path and timeline of our ancestors. I believe it seemed to be a hybrid because of diversity and evolution. You don't just change overnight so some fossils we will find should seem to be in the "in-between"...
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...People Need to Use Reusable Shopping Bags In some areas of the United States people are given the choice to bring in and use their reusable bags or to pay for the convenience of using the store provided paper or plastic bags for their purchases. Some people find reusable bags as an inconvenience, especially if they do not have one on hand for times they need to pick up a couple of items from a store. Reusable bags can be small enough to have on one’s person. The use of reusable shopping bags reduces the waste of plastic store bags in landfills and water systems. There can be a compromise; some stores offer the reusable bags at the checkout area of the store offering credit to the consumer, as well as offering promotions in support of using the reusable shopping bags. One major cause for promoting reusable shopping bags is to reduce our carbon footprint. The importance of reusable shopping bags is they are convenient and will help our planets environment. The problem with not using the reusable bags is that you may be faced with a decision at the store checkout register of being charged for the use of the stores plastic or paper bags for your items. If you choose not to purchase the stores bags, then you as the customer would have to carry your products out of the store by hand. In the past people have been used to having the convenience of using the store provided plastic recyclable bags and then just throwing them away. Little did people know what the store...
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...Rene Neal-De-Stanton Eng1A Dr. Nahas Annotated Bibliography Works Cited Khan, S.J. "GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMOs): FOOD SECURITY OR THREAT TO FOOD SAFETY." Pakistan Journal of Science 64.2 (2012): 6.-12. Santa Rosa Junior College Academic Search Complete. Web. 12 Oct. 2015. <HTTP://santarosa.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=78909697&site=eds-live&scope=site>. This article examines how Biotechnology is a vital issue that impacts all of us and the Development of genetically modified organisms is one of the greatest discoveries through this recent technology. The author believes that many types of transgenic FOODS will be ready for commercialization, including varieties with that come with, greater tolerance of bio-tic and a-bio tic stresses, resistance to herbicides, improved nutritional quality, and novel pharmaceutical proteins. The only downfall is that Information is scarce about health hazards in GM crops. Therefore urgently need publicly available ecological assessments of the risks and benefits of transgenic crops before new varieties are released The authors this article are Khan S.J., Muafia S., Nasreen, Z, Salaryia, A.M. Who wrote this for the Pakistan Journal of science. This site is peer reviewed and covers topics extensive in biology, chemistry, physics, geology and mathematics. This article was published through the science journal "Transgenic Research' in affiliation with Biotechnology...
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...Legalizing Marijuana Legalizing Marijuana If Green is Life Why isn't it Legal? Humanity throughout history has fought against diseases using drugs, with good results. Several medicinal drugs have been discovered since remote times, and have saved many lives or helped complement human nutrition. Not all drugs are medicinal, some are used however for recreational purposes. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (House of Representatives Conference Report, 1998) consider these kinds of drugs as Schedule I drugs (high potential for abuse, unsafe and with no medicinal properties). Heroin, cocaine, amphetamines and many other drugs appear in this classification. There are some kinds of drugs that are considered dangerous and have a high potential for being abused of, but have medicinal properties: marijuana is one of them. Lila Gutterman states that cannabis was used in ancient Greece and China 5000 years ago to soothe pain, and still today may be used illegally by 50,000 Americans suffering from multiple sclerosis in order to alleviate their symptoms (2000). There has been enough research done by experts on marijuana's practical application as a medicine. Marijuana has several medicinal properties that can help treat many diseases and helps soothe a big number of symptoms, so it should not remain as a totally illegal drug. A focus has to be given to it so to make possible for ill patients to acquire it without legal restraints. Marijuana has been known for centuries...
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...Animal From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). "Animalia" redirects here. For other uses, see Animalia (disambiguation). Page semi-protected Animals Temporal range: Ediacaran – Recent PreЄЄOSDCPTJKPgN Animal diversity.png Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota (Unranked) Opisthokonta (Unranked) Holozoa (Unranked) Filozoa Kingdom: Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 Phyla Subkingdom Parazoa Porifera Placozoa Subkingdom Eumetazoa Radiata (unranked) Ctenophora Cnidaria Bilateria (unranked) Orthonectida Rhombozoa Acoelomorpha Chaetognatha Superphylum Deuterostomia Chordata Hemichordata Echinodermata Xenoturbellida Vetulicolia † Protostomia (unranked) Superphylum Ecdysozoa Kinorhyncha Loricifera Priapulida Nematoda Nematomorpha Onychophora Tardigrada Arthropoda Superphylum Platyzoa Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Rotifera Acanthocephala Gnathostomulida Micrognathozoa Cycliophora Superphylum Lophotrochozoa Sipuncula Hyolitha † Nemertea Phoronida Bryozoa Entoprocta Brachiopoda Mollusca Annelida Synonyms Metazoa Haeckel, 1874 Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia (also called Metazoa). Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their lives. Most animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently. All animals must ingest other organisms or their products for...
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...D38–D51 Nucleic Acids Research, 2011, Vol. 39, Database issue doi:10.1093/nar/gkq1172 Published online 20 November 2010 Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information Eric W. Sayers1,*, Tanya Barrett1, Dennis A. Benson1, Evan Bolton1, Stephen H. Bryant1, Kathi Canese1, Vyacheslav Chetvernin1, Deanna M. Church1, Michael DiCuccio1, Scott Federhen1, Michael Feolo1, Ian M. Fingerman1, Lewis Y. Geer1, Wolfgang Helmberg2, Yuri Kapustin1, David Landsman1, David J. Lipman1, Zhiyong Lu1, Thomas L. Madden1, Tom Madej1, Donna R. Maglott1, Aron Marchler-Bauer1, Vadim Miller1, Ilene Mizrachi1, James Ostell1, Anna Panchenko1, Lon Phan1, Kim D. Pruitt1, Gregory D. Schuler1, Edwin Sequeira1, Stephen T. Sherry1, Martin Shumway1, Karl Sirotkin1, Douglas Slotta1, Alexandre Souvorov1, Grigory Starchenko1, Tatiana A. Tatusova1, Lukas Wagner1, Yanli Wang1, W. John Wilbur1, Eugene Yaschenko1 and Jian Ye1 1 Downloaded from http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/ by guest on March 20, 2015 National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA and 2University Clinic of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 3, A-8036 Graz, Austria Received September 16, 2010; Revised October 29, 2010; Accepted November 1, 2010 ABSTRACT In addition to maintaining the GenBank nucleic acid sequence database, the National Center for Biotechnology...
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...4/24/2015 4/24/2015 Lefebvre, Joseph Bentley University Lefebvre, Joseph Bentley University Over the Counter, Over Prescribed Prescription Drug Abuse Over the Counter, Over Prescribed Prescription Drug Abuse When describing a drug addict, the stereotypical description is usually someone who has no job, steals to get their fix, and is living their life in poverty because of their crippling addiction. The drug of choice for these “junkies” is typically black tar heroin. However in recent years this has not been the case. The age of prescription drugs is beginning and people are dying from prescription drug overdoses at an alarming rate. According to the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), as seen in Figure 1 found in the Appendix, in 2010 there were 8.76 million prescription drug abusers (Drug Facts: Prescription and Over-the-Counter Medications). Prescription drug abuse has become an epidemic in America and it is not isolated to the stereotypical addict, as doctors and emergency response teams are seeing more and more overdoses and individuals seeking medical attention who are in the upper middle class and lead a fairly “normal” life besides their addiction. The NIDA found that there are around 5.1 million people in the US suffer from substance abuse disorders related to prescription pain relievers (Figure 1, Appendix). Although pain killer abuse gets a lot of the prescription drug abuse headlines, there are other medications that are being abused namely stimulants...
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...(6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.[2][3][4][5][6][7] Contents * 1 Early life and education * 2 Research * 2.1 Work before penicillin * 2.2 Accidental discovery * 2.3 Purification and stabilisation * 2.4 Antibiotics * 3 Myths * 4 Personal life * 5 Death * 6 Honours, awards and achievements * 7 See also * 8 Bibliography * 9 References * 10 External links Early life and education Fleming was born on 6 August 1881 at Lochfield farm near Darvel, in Ayrshire, Scotland. He was the third of the four children of farmer Hugh Fleming (1816–1888) from his second marriage to Grace Stirling Morton (1848–1928), the daughter of a neighbouring farmer. Hugh Fleming had four surviving children from his first marriage. He was 59 at the time of his second marriage, and died when Alexander (known as Alec) was seven....
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...A VISUAL GUIDE TO ESSAY WRITING Dr Valli Rao, Associate Professor Kate Chanock, and Dr Lakshmi Krishnan use a visual approach to walk students through the most important processes in essay writing for university: formulating, refining, and expressing academic argument. ‘MetamorTHESIS‘ Your main argument or thesis is your position in answer to the essay question. It changes and develops as you undertake your reading and research towards the essay. how to develop & communicate academic argument “I love the way the authors explain what an argument is. I also love the way they justify holding opinions in an academic context … A Visual Guide to Essay Writing shows you excellently how to communicate with your marker by employing your ‘authorial voice’.” - Dr Alastair Greig Head, School of Social Sciences The Australian National University Valli Rao Kate Chanock Lakshmi Krishnan “This is a great book ... clear, useful, beautifully conceived and produced ... an intriguing approach, one that will make sense to students and really assist their essay writing skills.” - Brigid Ballard & John Clanchy authors of the international best-seller Essay writing for students: a practical guide How effective structure supports reasoned argument in essays1 Discipline/field Topic Underlying question Introduce discipline/field/context and topic Roughly, 10–15% of essay length Why is this topic interesting from the perspective of the discipline/field...
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...Prepared for: Dr. David Conner (Department of CARRS) Dr. Dale Rozeboom (Animal Science) Prepared by: Victoria Campbell-Arvai Department of CARRS, Michigan State University August 17, 2009 Literature Review: A Comparison of Dairy Production Systems SUMMARY This literature review focused on studies comparing the effects of dairy production systems (pasture-based, conventional/confinement1, and mixed) on (i) environmental issues, (ii) social issues, (iii) economic issues, (iv) human health issues, and (v) animal welfare issues. The review was based on peer-reviewed research papers identified by experts at MSU, as well as (where specifically suggested) non peer-reviewed university and government reports. Additional studies were identified from the reference section of recommended papers, as well as via their citation index (primarily Google Scholar). A synopsis of each section is available below, as well as at the end of each section. There is a great deal of research –much of it based in the United States- on the environmental effects of all types of dairy farming, including intensive/confinement, mixed, pasture-based, and management-intensive rotational grazing (MIRG) operations. The vast majority of studies identified for this review focused on the fate and management of excess nitrogen and phosphorous, their effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and contributions to air quality and climate change. Many environmental mitigation efforts were suggested, including...
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...BANANA (MUSA X PARADISIACA) PEELS USED AS FERTILIZER APPLIED IN DIFFERENT KINDS OF PLANTS SAMPLES RESEARCHER: BERLENE GAIL H. LAMA CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the study A banana peel, known as a banana skin in British English, is the outer covering of the banana fruit. As bananas, whether eaten raw or cooked, are a popular fruit consumed worldwide, with yearly production over 145 million tonnes in 2011, there is a significant amount of banana peel waste being generated as well. Banana peels are used as feedstock as they have some nutritional value. Banana peels are widely used for that purpose on small farms in regions where bananas are grown. There are some concerns over the impact of tannins contained in the peels on animals that consume them.[3][4] Banana peels are used as feedstock for cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, rabbits, fish and several other species. The specific nutrition contained in peel depends on the stage of maturity and the cultivar; for example plantain peels contain less fibre than dessert banana peels, and lignin content increases with ripening (from 7 to 15% dry matter). On average, banana peels contain 6-9% dry matter of protein and 20-30% fibre (measured as NDF). Green plantain peels contain 40% starch that is transformed into sugars after ripening. Green banana peels contain much less starch (about 15%) when green while ripe banana peels contain up to 30% free sugars. Banana peels are also used for water purification, toproduce ethanol,...
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