...Chapter 3 Ap Government Devolution revolution – The effort to slow the growth of the federal government by returning many functions to the states. Federalism – Constitutional arrangement in which power is distributed between a central government and subdivisional governments, called states in the United States. The national and the subdivisional governments both exercise direct authority over individuals. Dual federalism (layer cake federalism) – Views the Constitution as giving a limited list of powers—primarily foreign policy and national defense—to the national government, leaving the rest to the sovereign states. Each level of government is dominant within its own sphere. The Supreme Court serves as the umpire between the national government and the states in disputes over which level of government has responsibility for a particular activity. Cooperative federalism – Stresses federalism as a system of intergovernmental relations in delivering governmental goods and services to the people and calls for cooperation among various levels of government. Marble cake federalism – Conceives of federalism as a marble cake in which all levels of government are involved in a variety of issues and programs, rather than a layer cake, or dual federalism, with fixed divisions between layers or levels of government. Competitive federalism – Views the national government, 50 states, and thousands of local governments as competing with each other over ways to put together packages...
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...AP Government Final Review 1. What is a political party? -a group of people joined together by common philosophies and common approaches with the aim of getting candidates elected in order to develop and implement public policy. It is characterized by an organization that is responsible to the electorate and has a role in government. 2. What are the characteristics of politics? -who gets what, when, how, and why. Politics deal with individuals and their needs, values, and attitudes will band together to form political parties. 3. What are linkage institutions? -the means by which individuals can express preferences regarding the development of public policy. Some examples: political parties, special interest groups, and the media. 4. Political parties looked like? -can be viewed as an organization, the relationship with the electorate, and a role in government. 5.What is party realignment? -the shift of party loyalty, occurred in 1932 after the country experienced the Great Depression. 6. What are the basic characteristics of political parties since 1990? -era of divided government. ? 7. How do most Americans participate in the political process? - discussing politics, registering to vote, voting in local/state/national elections, joining a specific political party, making contact with politicians, attending political meetings, contributing to political campaigns, working in a campaign, soliciting funds, and running for office. 8. What does someone running...
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...United States Army Adjutant General School Mission Command Essay The Battle of Dong Ap Bia: Hamburger Hill LTC Weldon Honeycutt CPT Shamika Hill Adjutant General Captain Career Course 003-16 June 30, 2016 For ten long days, American and South Vietnamese Army troops fought alongside each other to gain control of Dong Ap Bia, Hill 937. Their mission was to search and destroy the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) and the Viet Chong (VC), believed to have grouped in the A Shau Valley area. The battle now known as Hamburger Hill begun May 10, 1969 and is recognized as one of the last major encounter between the Americans and the NVA. Lieutenant Colonel (LTC) Weldon Honeycutt, commander of the 3rd Battalion, 187th Infantry Regiment (3-187th) was determined to accomplish his assigned mission and seize Hill 937. After ten long hard fought days and many casualties from both sides, the 3-187th successfully occupied the hill on May 20. But at what cost? LTC Honeycutt improper use of the mission command principles; understanding, assessing, and visualizing; led to a prolonged engagement which cost additional casualties. Hamburger Hill occurred during Operation Apache Snow, the second part of a three-phased campaigned aimed at annihilating the NVA bases in the treacherous A Shau Valley. LTC Honeycutt and the 3-187th received the mission to search and destroy the Peoples of Vietnam Forces (PAVN) in the A Shau Valley in order to block the NAV from infiltrating the northern providence...
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...While being informed by a Vietnamese translator that he was fighting The Pride of Ho Chi Minh, or the highly elite 29th Regiment of the North Vietnamese Army (NVA), Lieutenant Colonel Weldon Honeycutt responded by saying “Tell him I’m glad to know they’re around here. Tell him that’s why we came here- to kill North Vietnamese soldiers-and if they are around, they’ll just be doin’ us a favor78-79.” This bold statement, stated by the commander of a unit tasked to take a hill with heavily fortified enemy positions, shows that he understood his mission- plain and simple. LTC Honeycutt, commander of the 3d Battalion, 187th Infantry (the "Rakkasans"), lead his unit in accordance with the doctrinal tasks of mission command. LTC Honeycutt was responsible for the United States victory on Hamburger Hill through the operations process activities by correctly understanding the operational environment, properly directing his unit and combat power, accurately assessing the evolving situation, and properly leading his subordinates to a successful mission. A profane, outspoken, fiercely competitive man, Honeycutt was the prototype of the hard-nosed commander. Born in 1931 in the mill town Greensboro, North Carolina, Honeycutt had lied, at sixteen with only a sixth-grade education, about his age and enlisted in the army. At five feet eight, other officers thought he lacked having command presence. Because of this, he applied himself to the military life with a religious passion and quickly...
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...1. The whole of government challenge Chapter findings The report has defined 'whole of government' in the Australian Public Service (APS) as: Whole of government denotes public service agencies working across portfolio boundaries to achieve a shared goal and an integrated government response to particular issues. Approaches can be formal and informal. They can focus on policy development, program management and service delivery. APS agencies should review their work in light of this definition to assess the potential impact of this report on their work. There are many imperatives which make being successful at whole of government work increasingly important. These include pressures on the APS to offer sophisticated whole of government policy advice which comprehends a range of stakeholders' views, and to respond to complex policy challenges such as environmental or rural issues. There are pressures to join up program management, including security threats and intractable social issues such as drug dependence. There are rising community expectations for easier access to government by integrating service delivery. Agencies should review the impact of these imperatives on their work, including taking a long-term view of possible scenarios. Whole of government approaches to Australian government work are a relative strength for Australia and are not new. The increasing pressures on the APS demands that its history in whole of government work is understood to ensure it...
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...as to the negative and practical aspects of interest groups. Interest groups come in forms of Unions, Economic groups, Ideology groups, Social Policy groups or Public interest groups. They exclusively are engaged to influence the president and congress by promoting what values enforced by the government. Interest groups play a vital role in shaping public policies. They are one of four linkage groups which also include the media, elections and campaigns as well as political parties. These groups keep the citizens connected to the government. James Madison explains in Federalist #10 that public views are refined and enhanced "by passing them through the medium of a chosen body of citizens, whose wisdom may discern the true interest of their country..." (Independance Hall, 2008). This was written in the essence of how to mitigate the effects of particular interest groups. It is hard to know what he would think of this design today. Impact on Government in the Creation of Public Policy Special interest groups can have negative affiliations, such as imputed interest groups; they utilize government programs to suit their own business as they are developed from as a result of a government program. They seek better wages, securing their jobs; federal subsidies are just a few things that imputed interest groups seek. This was the case with American School Food Service (AFSA) during the 1930’s and 1940’s...
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...Management in the Public Sector Public sector organisations may have the most ambitious plans for transforming services and delivering against government targets, but if they don’t keep day-to-day activities tightly aligned to what actually matters, they’ll find themselves getting nowhere fast. About This Survey The Advanced Performance Institute (API) research project, Strategic Performance Management in Government and Public Sector Organisations – A Global Survey, is the largest and most comprehensive global study of government and public sector Performance Management to date. The reasons for conducting the survey were two-fold. Firstly, the Advanced Performance Institute noted an increasing number of Performance Management initiatives across the public sector, but found the assessment of the results for these initiatives to be more anecdotal than comprehensive (see Section 1: Survey Results). Secondly, the API intended not just to understand the current state of affairs in public sector Performance Management, but also to glean information on what factors and behaviours contribute to Performance Management success (see Section 2: Best Practices). The extensive international study surveyed a wide cross-section of government and public sector organisations, including central or federal government agencies, state and local government bodies, as well as national health organisations, police forces, fire and rescue organisations, courts and education institutions. 4 STRATEGIC...
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...Government of India Ministry of Power **** ULTRA MEGA POWER PROJECTS 1.0 Background 1.1 Development of Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPPs) has been identified as a thrust area. These are very large sized projects, approximately 4000 MW each involving an estimated investment of about Rs. 16,000 crore. These projects will meet the power needs of a number of States/ distribution companies located in these States, and are being developed on a Build, Own, and Operate (BOO) basis. In view of the fact that promotion of competition is one of the key objectives of the Electricity Act, 2003, and of the legal provisions regarding procurement of electricity by distribution companies, identification of the project developer for these projects is being done on the basis of tariff based competitive bidding. Guidelines for determination of tariff for procurement of power by distribution licencees have been notified in January 2005 under the provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003. The Power Finance Corporation (PFC), a PSU under the Ministry of Power, has been identified as the nodal agency for this initiative. 1.2 Salient features of the Plant and Choice of Technology · The Ultra Mega Power Projects would use Super Critical Technology with a view to achieve higher levels of fuel efficiency, which results in saving of fuel and lower green-house gas emissions. · Flexibility in unit size subject to adoption of specified minimum Supercritical parameters. · Integrated power project with dedicated...
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...its economic capacity. As commonly seen in developing country, Indonesia’s public sector is seen as inadequately equipped to bolster development in Indonesia. As a way to increase its economic development, Indonesian government decided to initiate bureaucratic reform for its public employee. This bureaucratic reform is intended to improve public service, which is plagued by corruption (Wihantoro et al. 2015). It is expected that the improvement of public sector could lead to better service and good governance which in turn would improve people’s satisfaction. Despite the effort by the government of Indonesia, public service in Indonesian remains mediocre at best and there are still a lot of room for improvement in Indonesian public sector. Traditionally the pay structure for civil servant in Indonesia is using membership-based and seniority based rewards, which does not lend itself well into motivating high performing employee. The bureaucratic reform then introduced the concept of job status-based rewards combined with seniority-based rewards in which civil servant still received regular wage like seniority-based system but then some government institutions like Ministry of Finance receive special allowance tied to their job status. However, despite the Government of Indonesia’s effort to do bureaucratic reform, motivation in the workplace still relatively low and there are still some room for improvements in public services. Of course, there are other factor that can...
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...Tác giả: Simon Website: www.ielts-simon.com Người tổng hợp: Quang Thắng Website: www.ielts-quangthang.com TỔNG HỢP BÀI MẪU WRITING TASK 2 BAND 9.0 Tác giả: Simon Tổng hợp bởi: Quang Thắng Chào các bạn, Simon là một thầy giáo dạy IELTS rất nổi tiếng trên thế giới. Thầy là một cựu examiner, và hiện nay thầy đang có một website rất hữu ích về việc học và luyện IELTS. Thầy Simon luôn được biết đến với phong cách đơn giản và hiệu quả. Những bài học thầy viết luôn gần gũi, dễ hiểu và dễ áp dụng đối với mọi học viên. Tương tự là những bài essays thầy viết mẫu. Chúng đều tương đối đơn giản, nhưng lại cực kỳ xuất sắc và đều đạt mức band điểm 9.0. Dưới đây là tổng hợp 18 bài essays mẫu của thầy Simon cho Task 2. Các bạn nên đọc và phân tích kỹ từng bài viết này để học được cách viết sao cho đơn giản, mạch lạc và kiếm được điểm cao nhất. Chúc các bạn học được nhiều điều từ những bài viết mẫu này. Trần Quang Thắng Tác giả: Simon Website: www.ielts-simon.com Người tổng hợp: Quang Thắng Website: www.ielts-quangthang.com Some people believe that hobbies need to be difficult to be enjoyable. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Some hobbies are relatively easy, while others present more of a challenge. Personally, I believe that both types of hobby can be fun, and I therefore disagree with the statement that hobbies need to be difficult in order to be enjoyable. On the one hand, many people enjoy easy hobbies. One example of an activity that is easy...
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...9/13/09 AP Assignment Number 2 3) The arrival of the Fourteenth Century brought tremendous and nearly inconceivable plague and famine. A gradual change in weather resulted in poor agricultural production, whose ultimate consequence was inadequate amounts of food for the people. Additionally, at this time in European history (late 13th, early 14th century) there had been a spike in population, so much so that Europe could not approach meeting people’s needs. Many people of this time moved from rural areas to urban cities in search of economic opportunity. Unfortunately, even in the cities economic opportunity was scarce and elusive resulting in vast penury. While many effects existed as a result of the famine, perhaps most paramount amongst them was plague. As previously mentioned, agricultural production was at record lows, and often, food scarcity is followed by malnutrition, which is then followed by disease. The Black Death as it would later be called, spread like wildfire throughout Europe sparing no one in its rancorous path. People, based on innate exigency, needed to find the source of the plague. Some groups such as the flagellant people believed G-d had sent the plague to condemn people’s sins, others who did not accept this approach needed a scapegoat. Their scapegoat was the ever so convenient Jews. During this time period economic uncertainty and social discontent was common. Labor shortages and limited demand for goods contributed to a declining economy, while...
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...Executive Summary: Right to information refers to people’s right to have all the necessary information regarding the political, legal and similar areas which is directly correlated to their daily lives. In Bangladesh, though people have very limited or no information at all due to lack of willingness and ability to obtain the necessary information’s. Thus the general people should look forward how this bridge can be closed between themselves and the government officials to obtain the necessary and rightful information. The technology is advancing day by day throughout the world. Thus obtaining information has become much easier and flexible. Not only the general people but it is also the responsibility of those who are the holders of that information. They are also equally responsible for passing those to the general people with full efficiency and accuracy. Sadly due to the negligence of both parties this information flow is reduced compared to the early days since the nation’s independence in 1971. Lots of problem is faced by the nation’s citizens specially the people who belong to the rural areas. Due to unaware of their own right, thousands of people had faced difficulties on both professional and personal context. Our focus is on the factors of this decreased information flow as well as the initiatives to be taken which can reduce this massive problem in our country. Contents: • Introduction • Theoretical Overview • Findings ...
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...Is Democracy the best form of government? (25 marks) Democracy is a system of government by where the whole population or all the eligible members of a country are able to vote for who they think would best represent them and their country. Democracy isn’t always the best form of government but when you have it, it usually seems to work best as it provides freedom in every state and country for the people rather than autocratic states or country. Having more freedom allows people to choose and criticize their own government if they are doing a good thing for the people or not doing the right thing for example not taking into account the peoples opinion on whether or not say 16 year olds should be allowed to vote. Also even though the people of the country have the right to vote for their government they also have the extension of thinking what should their nation be like and what the policy of their nation would be. Despite this, even though they are allowed to choose their government there should be no reason to why the people cannot be as free under an autocratic government as in a democratic government. In comparison to that democracy is the best form of democracy as it represents the people of its country, making it the government by the people and with the people and for the people. The government represents the people as it was them who elected that candidate into the parliament due to their manifesto making them legit and not a slave of the people but to represent...
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...Intro: Virtual Organization is the measure for providing practice and functions of work in a corporation. This provides the view and functions of a corporation’s website and the interior sections for employees’ website. This provides students the ability to be aware of the sections of a corporation’s functions with or before the work experience. The education in this provides the viewpoints necessary for organization and maintaining a corporate world. This manual provides the different sections of different work environments for corporations. This is a measure of providing a learning experience. Those that are new to the work concept will learn the basis of the corporation from the Virtual Organization. This is a functional level of experience by a virtual corporation. However, these are not actually correct in the information they provide. They are decided and engineered forms of a corporation’s websites with outer and internal functions. This assists with the education of a company’s work provided by its virtual websites. Towards the ending of the manual are the measures necessary to follow for attaining the Virtual Organization website. The key factors of login, materials, and selection for Virtual organization explained toward the end of the manual with brief pictures for view. The last paragraphs of the manual will provide a conclusion of the functions and guidance for the student’s future use of the Virtual Organization website. ...
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...The definition of a revolution is an “overthrow of government” or the “overthrow of a ruler or political system”. This term is generally used to describe an uprising by a disenchanted mass to overthrow existing ideology and practice and bring about major political, economic, social or cultural change in a society. Revolutions are mainly caused because of social and economic inequalities between classes causing the oppressed masses to become disillusioned with extreme excesses of the ruling classes. They then come together and revolt against the existing ruler or regime, often in a bloody movement. This is certainly true when describing the French Revolution and the Bolshevik Revolution, which not only brought about regime change through violent mass mobilization, but also overhauled the social, economic institutions of the time. So a revolution is essentially a struggle in which the holder of a power loses that power against their will. Aristotle’s view on revolutions was rather confined than its modern day interpretation. He suggested the doctrine of ‘stasis’ as a reason for revolution and decline of institutions, ‘stasis’ being an arrest of the political processes of a healthy polis leading to its political system breaking own and degenerating into violence and internal warfare. For him, the condition that led to all revolutions was the desire of the many for equality versus the desire of the minority for effective superiority. In an overview of Book V of ‘Politics’, it can...
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