...IMPACT OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES’ PERFORMANCE Name: Singh Sudhanshu Bala, Roll no.- ITM/BIT/MUMBAI/09/1- 17 2. INDEX Serial No. Title Page No. 1. Title Page 1 2. Index 2 3. Title of the Thesis 3 4. Background of Research 4 5. Objectives 10 6. Scope 11 7. Methodology 11 8. Review of Literature 12 9. Gaps in Literature 14 10. Summary of the Proposal 14 11. Work Plan 16 12. References 17 3. TITLE OF THE THESIS: IMPACT OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES’ PERFORMANCE 4. BACKGROUND OF RESEARCH: Total quality management (TQM) - TQM has been defined as an integrated organizational effort designed to improve quality at every level. TQM is also defined as quest of excellence, fitness for use, value for money, customer satisfaction etc. The International Organisation for Standards (ISO) defines TQM as, "TQM is a management approach for an organisation, centered on quality, based on the participation of all its members and aiming at long-term success through customer satisfaction and benefits to all members of the organisation and to society." ISO 8402:1994 TQM acts as an umbrella under which everyone in the organisation...
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...CASE GROUP ASSIGNMENT ON—Due March 21, Submit through Canvas Case Study: Deutsche Allgemeinverscicherung (DAV for short) 1. Why is DAV using SPC? What are the primary challenges in applying Statistical Process Control to a service industry compared with manufacturing? 2. How large should each sample be for the experiment Schoss and Kluck describe on page 7? Explain the tradeoffs behind choosing sample sizes in statistical control experiments. 3. The first 12 weeks of the data in Exhibit 4 represent the diagnostic period for the Policy Extension group. What are the 3-sigma control limits for the process? In which of the subsequent weeks is the process out of control (if any)? In general, what do we do when we find points outside the control limits? What would you do in the specific DAV situation? Explain. 4. Develop specific implementation plans for solving the problems facing Annette Kluck that are described on Page 9 of the case. What are other alternatives you might be using to improve the performance of the operation? Feel free to suggest creative alternatives that include the use of new information technologies. 5. Answer specifically for DAV how would you estimate on the costs of quality for their organization? Use approximate calculations for an estimate. Feel free to describe an approach you would have taken if you could obtain more data? 6. What are the merits of Total Quality...
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...Sigma * is a set of techniques and tools for process improvement developed by Motorola in 1986. Jack Welch made it central to his business strategy at General Electric in 1995. Today, it is used in many industrial sectors. * seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying and removing the causes of defects (errors) and minimizing variability in manufacturing and business processes. It uses a set of quality management methods, including statistical methods, and creates a special infrastructure of people within the organization ("Champions", "Black Belts", "Green Belts", "Yellow Belts", etc.) who are experts in these methods. Each Six Sigma project carried out within an organization follows a defined sequence of steps and has quantified value targets, for example: reduce process cycle time, reduce pollution, reduce costs, increase customer satisfaction, and increase profits. These are also core to principles of Total Quality Management (TQM) as described by Peter Drucker and Tom Peters (particularly in his book "In Search of Excellence" in which he refers to the Motorola six sigma principles). * The term is originated from terminology associated with manufacturing, specifically terms associated with statistical modeling of manufacturing processes. The maturity of a manufacturing process can be described by a sigma rating indicating its yield or the percentage of defect-free products it creates. A six sigma process is one in which 99.99966% of the products manufactured...
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...Quality and Productivity in Manufacturing Process by using Quality Control Chart and Statistical Process Control Including Sampling and Six Sigma By Ghazi Abu Taher & Md. Jahangir Alam Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Bangladesh Abstract- The aim of study is to find out the effective way of improving the quality and productivity of a production line in manufacturing industry. The objective is to identify the defect of the company and create a better solution to improve the production line performance. Various industrial engineering technique and tools is implementing in this study in order to investigate and solve the problem that occurs in the production. However, 7 Quality Control tools are the main tools that will be applied to this study. Data for the selected assembly line factory are collected, studied and analyzed. The defect with the highest frequency will be the main target to be improved. Various causes of the defect will be analyzed and various solving method will be present. The best solving method will be chosen and propose to the company and compare to the previous result or production. However, the implementation of the solving methods is depending on the company whether they wanted to apply or not. Keywords: statistical process control, control chart, tqm, 6-sigma, sampling, histogram, pareto diagram, cause and effect diagram, AQL, LTPD, process performance index, process potential index, process centering index. GJRE-G Classification : FOR...
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...SIM AI A STATISTICAL STUDY OF INCREASED MORTALITY AMONG WIDOWERS A STATISTICAL STUDY OF INCREASED MORTALITY AMONG WIDOWERS Have you ever wondered what it really means when someone tells you they have a “broken heart”? Most people understand that having a “broken heart” references a state of extreme grief or sorrow, typically caused by the death of a loved one or the ending of a romantic relationship. But is there any additional truth to this saying? This study examines the medical implications of having a ‘broken heart’ by establishing a correlational relationship between the loss of a romantic partner and the mortality rates of widowers due to heart-related diseases. By tracking the mortality rates of 4,486 widowers of 55 years of age and older, over a period of 9 years, the researchers made some interesting findings: that within the first 6 months of bereavement, the mortality rate for widowers was 40% above that for matched controls, and that the greatest increase in mortality during these first 6 months came from heart-related diseases. No significant conclusions could be made about the relationship between the cause of wife’s death and the cause of her widower’s, nor about the impact of social class on widower’s mortality rate. We also examine the study’s methodology and provide reasonable recommendations to some of its shortcomings. One practical application of statistics and probability is...
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...Brief Introduction Course Name Organizational Excellence through Quality Management Course Code: MMgt 5006 Instructor Dr. Muhammad Daniel Saeed Pirzada Semester Fall 2014 Credit Hours 3-0-3 Class Timings 6:00 – 9:00 P.M. (Every Wednesday) Instructors Telephone No(s). 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM (051) 9248839 Afternoons (051) 8432273Ext. 329 Email thepirzada@yahoo.com Teaching Assistant To be decided TA’s Email - Program Manager Mr. Engr Shahid Iqbal Email: shahid.iqbal@case.edu.pk CASE Telephone No. (051) 8432273, 8432250, 2278301 Visiting Hours: 5:00 – 6:00 P.M. (Every Wednesday or by appointment) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Brief Introduction 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 2. Brief Description of the Course 3 3. Pre-Requisite Knowledge 3 4. Objectives of This Course 3 5. Course Contents Detailed Distribution 3 6. Grade Distribution (Subject to change) 4 7. Misc. Instructions: 4 8. Websites/Links 4 9. Text Book(s) 4 10. Computer Tools 4 11. Teaching Methodology Error! Bookmark not defined. 12. Instructor’s Profile 4 13. TA’s Introduction: 4 14. Final Comments: Error! Bookmark not defined. 15. Yahoo Group: 4 Brief Description of the Course The course aims at introducing the revolutionary methods of total quality management. Theory and practice are combined by with...
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...Six Sigma is a set of tools and techniques/strategies for process improvement originally developed by Motorola in 1981.[1][2] Six Sigma became well known after Jack Welch made it a central focus of his business strategy at General Electric in 1995,[3] and today it is used in different sectors of industry.[4] Six Sigma seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying and removing the causes of defects (errors) and minimizing variability in manufacturing and business processes.[5] It uses a set of quality management methods, including statistical methods, and creates a special infrastructure of people within the organization ("Champions", "Black Belts", "Green Belts", "Yellow Belts", etc.) who are experts in the methods.[5] Each Six Sigma project carried out within an organization follows a defined sequence of steps and has quantified value targets, for example; process cycle time reduction, customer satisfaction, reduction in pollution, cost reduction and/or profit increase.[5] The term Six Sigma originated from terminology associated with manufacturing, specifically terms associated with statistical modeling of manufacturing processes. The maturity of a manufacturing process can be described by a sigma rating indicating its yield or the percentage of defect-free products it creates. A six sigma process is one in which 99.99966% of the products manufactured are statistically expected to be free of defects (3.4 defects per million), although, as discussed below...
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...1. Cross-sectional studies (also known as cross-sectional analyses, transversal studies, prevalence study) form a class of research methods that involve observation of all of a population, or a representative subset, at one specific point in time. They differ from case-control studies in that they aim to provide data on the entire population under study, whereas case-control studies typically include only individuals with a specific characteristic, with a sample, often a tiny minority, of the rest of the population. Cross-sectional studies are descriptive studies (neither longitudinal nor experimental). Unlike case-control studies, they can be used to describe, not only the Odds ratio, but also absolute risks and relative risks from prevalences (sometimes called prevalence risk ratio, or PRR).[1][2] They may be used to describe some feature of the population, such as prevalence of an illness, or they may support inferences of cause and effect. Longitudinal studies differ from both in making a series of observations more than once on members of the study population over a period of time. Cross-sectional studies in medicine Cross-sectional studies involve data collected at a defined time. They are often used to assess the prevalence of acute or chronic conditions, or to answer questions about the causes of disease or the results of medical intervention. They may also be described as censuses. Cross-sectional studies may involve special data collection, including questions about...
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...MMS – Semester – I (Core Subjects All Specialisations) Sr. No. | Subject | Teaching Hours | Assessment Pattern | | | | No. of Sessions of 90 minutes | No. of Sessions of 90 minutes per week | Contin uous Assess ment | Semeste r End Examina tion | Total Marks | Duration of Theory Paper | No of Credits | 1 | Perspective Management | 30 | 2 | 40 IA | 60 IA | 100 | 3 | 2.5 | 2 | Business Communicati on and Management Information Systems | 30 | 2 | 40 IA | 60 IA | 100 | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | Organisation al Behaviour | 30 | 2 | 40 IA | 60 IA | 100 | 3 | 2.5 | 4 | Financial Accounting | 30 | 2 | 40 IA | 60 IA | 100 | 3 | 2.5 | 5 | Operations Management | 30 | 2 | 40 IA | 60 IA | 100 | 3 | 2.5 | 6 | Marketing Management | 30 | 2 | 40 IA | 60 IA | 100 | 3 | 2.5 | 7 | Managerial Economics | 30 | 2 | 40 IA | 60 IA | 100 | 3 | 2.5 | 8 | Business Statistics | 30 | 2 | 40 IA | 60 IA | 100 | 3 | 2.5 | | | | Total No of Credits | | | 20 | UA: - University Assessment; IA: - Internal Assessment MMS SEMESTER – I (All Specialisations) Perspective Management (15 Sessions of 3 Hours Each) Sem I S. No. | Particulars | Sessions | 1 | * Management : Science, Theory and Practice - The Evolution of Management * Thought and the Patterns of Management Analysis - Management and Society : * Social...
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...PART 3 Research Design & Plan M S Sridhar Head, Library & Documentation ISRO Satellite Centre Bangalore 560017 E-mail: sridhar@isac.gov.in & sridharmirle@yahoo.com Research Design & Plan Synopsis 1. Introduction to Research & Research methodology 2. Selection and formulation of research problem 3. Research design and plan 4. Experimental designs 5. Sampling and sampling strategy or plan 6. Measurement and scaling techniques 7. Data collection methods and techniques 8. Testing of hypotheses 9. Statistical techniques for processing & analysis of data 10. Analysis, interpretation and drawing inferences 11. Report writing M S Sridhar, ISRO 1. Significance of research design 2. Meaning & process of design / plan 3. Writing the plan (protocol) 4. Contents of the plan (protocol) 5. Qualities of good research design 6. Choice of research topic, method/ approach and methods of data collection 7. Types of research design 8. Comparison of research designs 9. Action & Applied Research 10. Correlational, Ex post facto, Ethnogenic & Triangulation Studies 2 Research Methodology 3 Significance of Research Design 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Smooth & efficient sailing (sets boundaries & prevents blind search) Yields maximum information (avoids collection of unnecessary data) Costs least in terms of effort, time & money Maximizes reliability of results Provides firm foundation to the endeavor Averts misleading conclusions & thoughtless futile exercise Helps organising ones...
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...we interested in and why? Why is a system view so important to have if you are going to implement TQM? GSCM326 Week 2 Discussion DQ1 & DQ 2 Latest 2016 Jan. DQ 1 Deming's 14 Points (graded) Are Dr. Deming’s 14 points clear, concise, and achievable? If not, what do you think he had in mind? In Deming’s view, who needs to do what and why? DQ 2 Quality Awards and Standards (graded) The authors of our text talk about the Baldrige Award throughout their book. In previous versions, they even designed their text around this award. Given that our course is about TQM, an in-depth discussion of the Deming Prize would seem to be appropriate since it is the framework of company-wide quality control in Japan, which embodies what we call TQM in the United States, but is hardly discussed in our text. So let's do some research. Put on your investigative hats and see what you can find about the Deming Prize. You can use the Internet or any other sources you have available. How do you see the Deming Prize criteria fitting into TQM? How does the Deming Prize compare to the Baldrige Award? What are the differences and similarities between the Deming Prize and the Baldrige Award? GSCM326 Week 3 Discussion DQ1 & DQ 2 Latest 2016 Jan. DQ 1 TQM Leaders (graded)...
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...the reasons for using process capability studies and the limitations of these studies * Compare the applications of the three types of process capability studies (potential, short term and long term) * Determine whether a process is capable of meeting specified tolerances by using Cp and Cpk indexes * Estimate inherent variability in a process * Use calculations to determine whether a process is centered * Evaluate the potential and short term capability of a process Welcome to Process Capability Studies. In this lesson, we will cover the following topics: * What is Process Capability? * Pittfalls of Process Capability Studies. After completing this lesson, you should be able to: * Identify examples of real world situations in which a process capability study could be used * Identify the equations associated with process capability studies * Select the times during the life of a process where a process capability study can be run * Identify the appropriate equation for long term studies vs. single time studies * Select the common pitfalls or limitations associated with conducting a process capability study * Identify the factors that contribute to the limitations of process capability studies * Analyze a scenario that describes a process capability study. "It is good management to reduce variation of any quality characteristic, whether this characteristic be in a state of control or not, and even when...
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...Quality Control Manager at the Masterfoods Plant Statistic 300 Introduction This paper is going to present information regarding the methods, analysis, and results on basis of the five different project assessments which were conducted at the Masterfoods plant. The investigative study was conducted using sampling method and this paper analyses the five sampling studies that were conducted to identify any flaws that could have been made during the study. A speculation is also presented on the possible causes of the flaws and an explanation of how to investigate unexpected results or failed tests is also clearly presented concerning the plant and bagging process (Lenz, Schmid & Wilrich, 2012). In the presentation, a role of a quality control manager is adopted so as to provide succinct information concerning the operations of the Masterfoods plant, with consideration for the candies produced and sold in the organization. Project Part 1: Sampling Method In this study the sampling of candies in three different bags were used to collect information on the number of the different colors of candies in the bags. The colors of the candies in the bags entailed blue, orange, green, yellow, red, and brown. In this study 160 candies were used in which 38 were blue, 33 orange, 25 green, 17 yellow, 30 red, and 17 brown candies. The three bags contained a total of 53, 55, and 52 candies with all of the aforementioned colors respectively (Rubin, 2010)...
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...Solution: • No matter how carefully a production process is controlled, these quality measurements will vary from item to item, and there will be a probability distribution associated with the population of such measurements. • If all important sources of variations are under control in a production process, then the slight variations among the quality measurements usually cause no serious problems. • Such a process should produce the same distribution of quality measurements no matter when it is sampled, thus this is a “stable system.” • Objective of quality control is to develop a scheme for sampling a process, making a quality measurement of interest on sample items, and then making a decision as to whether or not the process is in the stable state, or “in control.” • If the sample data suggests that the process is “out of control,” a cause is for the abnormality is sought. • A common method for making these decisions involves the use of control charts. • These are very important and widely used techniques in industry, and everyone in the industry, even if not directly related to quality control, should be aware of these. • Attributes – A performance characteristics that is either present or absent in the product or service under consideration. • Examples: Order is either complete or incomplete; an invoice can have one, two, or more errors. • Attributes data are discrete and tell whether the characteristics...
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...1. What does the acronym SMART signify for measurement? Why are these characteristics important? As mentioned in the textbook, good data and good measurement system are the basis for the effective quality control as well as for quality improvement. Thus, a good measure is relatively important to quality management. The acronym SMART represents simple, measurable, actionable, related (to customer and optional requirements), and timely. A good measurement should be: 1. cost effective and easy to obtain, 2. have a clear and unambiguous definition of measured objective, 3. clearly related to what is important to both external and internal customer, 4. taken at critical points in a process where value-adding activities occur to provide actionable information for making good decisions, and 5. made available and communicated to workers and managers when they need measurements. Without those characteristics, a measurement can also provide the needed information to the users, but extra cost and time will be charged. Users might not make relative good decision compare with those users with good measurements. 2. List and explain the four major categories of quality costs. Give examples of each. Quality cost can be divided into four major categories as follows: * Prevention costs: investments made to keep nonconforming products from occurring and reaching the customer. Prevention costs could be the salaries of individuals associated with quality planning...
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