...Principles Of Marketing Submitted to: Final project on: Ms. Nadia Rahim Submitted by: Madiha Fazal Sheeba Siddiqui Syed Umer Noman Abdul Sheikh Moiz Afsheen Raza Zaidi Certificate: It is to certify that all the work submitted is authentic and genuine. Preface This project report has been prepared to meet the requirement of the final project of Principles of Marketing of program MBA. For the preparation of this project we have visited K&N’s outlets and its head office and had a meeting with marketing manager of K&N’s. The rationale behind visiting the company is to study and evaluate the marketing and positioning strategies of K&N’s products the history and development of the food market. The report starts with the basic history and introduction of the company, its products and competitors it also covers the general information of the market. The information presented in this report has been obtained from the company’s personnel consumers and the market and company’s websites. Group members Sheeba Siddiqui Syed Umer Noman Madiha Fazal Afsheen Raza Abdul Moiz Contents Introduction 3 History: 3 Working Process: 3 PRODUCTS: 4 CURRENT MARKET SITUATION: 4 COMPETITORS 5 Menu foods: 5 Man-o-salwa 5 Pk Foods 5 Dawn foods 5 Competing products 5 Earlier product to satisfy need: 5 Researching Organizational Marketing Positioning: 6 Target Marketing Segments 6 • Working...
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...The Petal Diagram I’ve always thought of my startups as the center of the universe. So I would begin by putting my company in the center of the slide. In this example the startup is creating a new category – a lifelong learning network for entrepreneurs. To indicate where their customers for this new market would come from, they drew the 5 adjacent market segments: corporate, higher education, startup ecosystem, institutions, and adult learning skills that they believed their future customers were in today. So to illustrate this they drew these adjacent markets as a cloud surrounding their company. (Unlike the traditional X/Y graph you can draw as many adjacent market segments as you’d like.) Steve Blank Your startup at the center Then they filled in the market spaces with the names of the companies that are representative players in each of the adjacent markets. Ads not by this site Steve Blank Fill in the segments Then they annotated the private companies with the amount of private capital they had raised. This lets potential investors understand that other investors were interested in the space and thought it was important enough to invest. (And plays on the “no VC wants to miss a hot space” mindset.) Steve Blank Show capital raised Finally, you could show the current and projected market sizes of the adjacent markets, which allows the startups to have a “how big can our new market be?” conversation with investors. (If you wanted to get fancy, you could scale...
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...Network Troubleshooting Case Study Part 1: Troubleshooting a Connection Problem When dealing with a network connectivity issue it’s always best to start at the location closest to the source of the problem. In this case the problem seems to accessing anything remotely from the office computers. Since the office is using a cable modem as their connection to the outside world the troubleshooting should start there. First, check to see that the cable modem is powered up and then verify that the lights on the modem indicate that the modem is online with the provider via the “on-line” status. Moreover; the next step is to contact the service provider to assist with the connection to the outside line if my aforementioned statement is not verified. Assuming that the modem is working the next thing to check is whether the modem appears to be sending traffic by checking the send/receive lights. If that is OK then the next thing to check is the router. First, verify that the router is powered up and shows a connection to the cable modem. In order for the other computers to access the internet they must first access the router. It may be necessary to reboot the router but it should indicate an active internet connection as well as connection lights for each of the seven PCs that are connected. Finally the technician should check the Ethernet cable between the router and the modem as well as all the connections coming into the router to ensure they are...
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...Arab Open University Faculty of Business Studies B301A – Making Sense of Strategy (I) Fall Semester 2012 -2013 Tutor-Marked Assignment, TMA This tutor-marked assignment draws mainly on Blocks 1 & 2, “Readings for Blocks 1 & 2”, Units 1 & 2 of Block 3, and the first 6 Readings of “Readings for Block 3”. It consists of five (5) questions and accounts for 20% of the total grade assigned to the course. This assignment will be graded out of 100 marks, of which 80% of these marks will be allocated to your answer for the different questions. The remaining 20% will be distributed among the following criteria: * 5% for proper referencing * 5% for presentation of ideas and organization of the answer * 5% for adherence to specified word count * 5% for the use of the E-library/External resources. In this TMA, you are expected to demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of the importance of the business environment for strategic management and for acquiring and improving the market position of organizations. You are also, required to apply various learned concepts in strategic positioning, strategy process, knowledge management, resource-based approaches of competitive advantage. In addition, you should be able to recognize how the strategic choices made by organizations are influenced by a school of thoughts or a particular theory. In your answer, your workis expected to show critical, analytical and justification skills of the subject matter...
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...MKTG 4120 Case Study – Positioning the ConneCtor 2011 Prepared by LI Danyang Sunny 1155002138 Question 1: Two dimensions were applied in this case since the third dimension did not capture significant variance compared with the sum of first two. (See Figure 1) The variance explained by the horizontal dimension (46.6%) was two times more than the vertical horizontal (20.8%), so the horizontal dimension was more than twice important in explaining customer perceptions than the vertical one. The horizontal axis associated mostly with attributes “Multimedia”, “Stylish” and “Monitor” while the vertical axis associated mostly with “Sturdiness”, “Light Weight” and “Connectivity”. (See Figure 2) From the perception map, Connector 10L performed the best in terms of Connectivity, Data Entry and Third Party Support. Moreover, it also had advantages on its weight. However, Connector 10L was not attractive enough to customers in terms of Multimedia Function, Stylish and Monitor Quality. It is noticed that there was a lack of other brands near Connector 10L’s position (Only Palm VII), which indicated a potential opportunity for new positioning – wireless access feature. (See Figure 2) Question 2: In the positioning map with Preference Vector, it could be found that Connector 10L is the 5th preferred brand chosen by participants, ranked after HP Jornada, Casio Cassuioeia, Compaq IPac and Palm VII. Overall preference for handheld devices increased with Memory, Software and...
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...What is Strategy? – Michael E. Porter I. Operational effectiveness is not strategy So in the quest to beat competition managers focus on improving quality, speed and productivity all related to operational effectiveness. But in this way, they move further away from viable competitive positions which can only be achieved by an appropriate strategy. Positioning which was once the way to go about beating competition is now rejected, since its too static. Rivals can easily copy the market position and competitive advantage. However, that is not entirely true as hypercompetition is a self-inflicted wound. It is important to watch out for what your competitors are doing, but improving operational effectiveness alone is not enough, and that cannot be your only strategy. Operational effectiveness and strategy are both important for superior performance which is what a firm aims for. A company can beat rivals if it can stand out, establish a difference it can preserve. Basically a company can either provide greater value to customers or comparable value at low prices, or both. Delivering greater value means higher unit prices, greater efficiency means lower unit costs. Cost arises from performing activities and cost advantage comes from performing activities more efficiently than your competitors. This can be in the choice of the activity or how the activity is performed. So activities are what creates competitive advantage. Operational effectiveness means performing similar...
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...favorable perception by investors (stock profile) and lenders 2. Symbolic positions o Self-image enhancement o Ego identification o Belongingness and social meaningfulness o Affective fulfillment 3. Experiential positions o Provide sensory stimulation o Provide cognitive stimulation Perceptual mapping Perceptual mapping provides answers to these vital questions: • What is your market position relative to your competitors? • What are your strengths and weaknesses? • Where are there gaps in the market? • How do you measure up to the “ideal?” • What strategies will improve your competitive position so that you are both relevant to the market and differentiated from competitors? The process includes developing the attributes—either functional, emotional, or both. Survey respondents rate the client brand and competitive brands on each of the attributes, and attribute importance and ideal attribute ratings are obtained. These perceptions are used to create the maps, and analysis of gaps and ideal points is performed. An Example of Perceptual Mapping This hypothetical example of the beverage market illustrates one of the primary results of a perceptual mapping study—the map itself. For illustrative purposes, this example uses types of beverages instead of actual beverage...
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...exacting. The police are asked to control crime, maintain order, and provide an intricate array of services, from responding to emergency 911 calls to regulating the flow of traffic. On occasion, they must perform remarkable feats of criminal investigation, quell rowdy crowds and violent offenders, and put their lives on the line. Much of the time, police resources are limited. It is estimated that the workload crime imposes on the police has increased fivefold since 1960. Their resources have not kept pace with their workload. To do their job, police frequently have looked to technology for enhancing their effectiveness. The police, with crime laboratories and radio networks, made early use of technology, but most police departments could have been equipped 30 or 40 years ago as well as they are today. The Crime Commission in response to rapidly rising crime rates and urban disorders. The Commission advocated federal government funding for state and local criminal agencies to support their efforts. It called for what soon became the 911 system for fielding emergency calls and recommended that agencies acquire computers to automate their functions. But even with the start-up help of hundreds of millions of dollars in early federal assistance, computerization came slowly. Only in recent years have many agencies found the use of information technology significantly helpful. Examples include fingerprinting databases, computerized crime mapping, and records management systems doing everything...
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...managed, some aspects of information technology may meet with resistance among officers and other staff, particularly when such technology is perceived as unfairly intrusive or technically cumbersome. In addition, questions about privacy, security and cost need to be addressed. Because of the speed of advances in the field in recent years, independent studies on the impact of information technology on policing are only now getting under way. It seems particularly important, in this respect, to examine the experiences of some of the pioneers in information technology in the field of policing.” (University of Pennsylvania [UP], 2001) “Two areas in which information technology in policing has attracted a great deal of attention are crime mapping and information...
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...its main aim is to research crime and individuals who commit crime, while also looking at the criminal justice system in the hope that this information can be transformed into policies that will be effective in handling, or even eliminating crime. Although it is a specialty, it's not a single discipline. It combines the efforts of sociologists, psychologists, psychiatry, biology, law and statistics. It produces findings that can support, judges, prosecutors, lawyers, probation officers, and prison officials, giving them a better understanding of crime and criminals, and to develop improved and more appropriate sentences and treatments for criminal behaviour. Criminology centres its attention on the criminal as a person, his or hers behaviour, and what has led him or her to a life of crime. It also looks at society's reaction towards breaking laws. Task 2: Explain the difference between macro and micro theories used by Criminologists. Macro theory and Micro theory are both detailed theories that pay close attention to different aspects of crime and criminal behaviour. The Macro theory of crime and criminal behaviour explains the larger scale of crime across the world or across a society; they attempt to answer why there are variations in group rates of crime, for example Macro theory may provide and explanation as to why one neighbourhood has a higher crime rate than another local neighbourhood. In contrast, the Micro theory of crime and criminal behaviour focuses...
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...private agency in the business world, the criminal justice system as a whole has to keep up with new technology in order to prevent and deter crime. Technology changes from day to day but regardless the criminal justice system must stay up to date with its advances. Computers are a way of life. Citizens use computers for many transactions. They place their personal information on the internet for multiple reasons. Criminals have caught up with this and are now committing crimes through the use of the internet. They hack peoples’ computers and steal their identities. Many citizens have become victims via the internet and now the criminal justice system has to intervene (Freeman, 2006). In order for the criminal justice system to be able to catch criminals of cyber crimes, they must stay on top of technology. Many law enforcement agencies, small or large, are guilty of failure to adopt new computer software, other technology that can help reduce crime rates, and help apprehend the new type of criminals. The law enforcement sector not only continues to have the typical burglars but now they have the cyber criminals. According to the National Institute of Justice (2004), law enforcement agencies “face the challenge of keeping pace with criminals who use some of the same new technologies in planning and committing their crimes. “Although agencies use communication equipment and computers on a daily basis, they are not making use of other specialized technologies” (National...
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...Criminology in the Future CJA/314 May 27, 2015 Criminology in the Future Over the last century crime and crime prevention has evolved significantly. Crime is not only in the United States, but worldwide, which means law enforcement agencies and Politicians across the globe will have to work alongside each other to find new and inventive ways to solve and prevent crime, such as cybercrime. Cybercrime is constantly progressing in its severity and danger starting from viruses to identity theft, to corporate crime. As more people find creative new ways to commit crimes, new technology to counter these crimes is gradually being developed. Like a cat and mouse game, criminals are always looking for new ways to commit a crime, and the justice system is continuously looking for ways to stay on top of advanced technologies to protect society. Two new and creative technologies are the Robotic Cameras and the Global Positioning System (GPS) Vehicle Pursuit Dart. The mail role of the Robotic Cameras is to help save the lives of police officers. A Robotic camera is a disposable camera with an electric motor. The camera-equipped robot has special wheels for easy climbing and is used for exploration through wireless control. Officers are often in situations where they cannot directly see what’s in front of them, for instance, a hostage situation or a burned building where it is often dangerous for officers to go inside a building. This situation is ideal for sending...
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...facing police originations throughout the country. One of the main issues is how to successfully solve the problem of crime. During the late 19th century the only tool to properly solve crime would be a nightstick, a gun and the human mind. In those days it was very difficult to solve crime because the technological advances were not around like they are today. One of those would be the art of fingerprinting. Fingerprinting was first used to solve a crime in the late 1800’s by an Argentinean Police Commodore by the name of Juan Vucetich who took prints off a door post to nail a murderer. (fingerprinting.com) Today fingerprinting is one of the first items that detectives look for when solving a crime. There are also many other technological advances today that police officers use to solve crime. DNA testing in policing is one of the greatest tools that police have to link criminals to crimes. DNA analysis was introduced into policing in 1986 when officers from a local police service in a small borough in central England approached Dr. Alec Jeffreys of the University of Leicester to ask whether this new technology might be able to assist in the investigation of two potentially linked sexual assault murders of two young girls. (policecheifmagazine.org) DNA just like fingerprints are unique to every person and thus less likely to link the wrong person to a crime. Other advances that police officers use is the computer. Even though computers have been used for many years, it wasn’t...
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...fingerprinting system. Historian’s call the 1920’s to the 1970’s The Reform Era. During this era “Reformers were out to get rid undesirable political influences and create what they deemed professional police departments.” Some people will say that this era helped emphasize discipline, equal enforcement of the law, and centralized decision making. During the Reform Era policing became more centralized and also the social distance between police and community also increased. Technology became more important with patrol cars and radios which helped to organize officers more efficiently. The final era would be The Community Era which started in the 1980’s and continues to the present day. The main purpose of this era is to continue to manage crime while providing a large variety of social services. “It is distinguished by authority coming from the support of the community, law, and professionalism.” Police are now starting to become more involved...
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...technologies, there are many, which help law enforcement be successful in their duties one of them is CODIS (Combined DNA Index Program). Because CODIS is a database, system that stores DNA profiles. This database has helped police in all cases, where they have been physical DNA left at the crime scene. They then can use the CODIS system DNA profile to see, if it is a match to any of the DNA within the database. By using the CODIS system, it has helped them solve many cold cases from the past to present. They also can get results quicker, because technicians only need a “minute amount of biological material. Then decades before a similar profile sample would have to be the size of a dime” (police staff, 2003). Crime mapping it aids law enforcement looking, for patterns of criminal incidents that have happened in certain areas like rape, assaults, robberies, etc. This technology has helped technicians and law enforcement pinpoint their next target so that they can make the arrest. This software gives this information in minutes, and it can send other law enforcement this mapping pattern in those located areas. So that they can react promptly and be aware of the situations in minutes after the crime committed. Lastly, the computer aided dispatch system (CAD) helps the 911-dispatch send the information, of the area the 911 call is at and their address automatically on the computer screen so that they can send all of this information to patrol units. This technology helps them be fully...
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