...(HIV). This virus causes the body’s immune system to be weak and useless in fighting even the smallest illnesses. Aids became prevalent in the USA in early 1980’s when the center for disease control recognized a rare virus among five healthy gay men. “This marked the first official reports of what became known as the AIDS epidemic.” ( http://aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/aids-timeline/) AIDS/HIV is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The rapid spread of this virus is largely due to unprotected sex, blood transfusions, IV drug use, and mother to child. A lack of education, social economics, and access to health care are among the major factors that play a large role in this Global epidemic. Underdeveloped countries such as South Africa, Brazil, and Kenya are among some of the largest prevalence. The United States is not excluded from the list of countries facing this wide spread disease. This disease has no boundaries and affects every country. The lack of education in the subject of how the virus spreads as well as the lack of literacy in a nation is an important factor in the spread of the HIV virus. Due to the high stigmatization of people living with HIV and the world wide misunderstanding of the disease causes many people and governments to just ignore this disease. Fear of the unknown adds to the fuel and causes an ignorance or toleration to the epidemic. Many governments are working hard to add sex education programs in public schools. This...
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...Chapter-I 1. Introduction 1.1 Background AIDS is a deadly disease for which so far no foolproof treatment has been discovered. Of course, great research is going on in this field. It is said that a vaccine has now been discovered but how far it is successful, is still doubtful. But its efficacy in saving the new born babies is said to have been proved to an acceptable measure. The best safeguard against this devastating disease is the precautions that we should take and bear in mind. The first reason how a man gets AIDS is through infected blood transfused into his body. So, if we need transfusion of blood for any reason, we should make sure that it is AIDS free and has conclusively been tested as such. In is quite understandable that we should use only disposable syringes if we want to have an injection. A non-disposable syringe might have got infected. Another reason for the spread of AIDS is unprotected sex. We must take care that we are never to indulge in unprotected sex. The best thing is that we should never have extra-marital relations. A baby may be infected with AIDS if any of the parents has got the infection or is HIV positive. It should be confirmed from specialists if the new vaccine developed for the protection of babies against AIDS is effective. If found so, it should be administered to the baby under the guidance and supervision of the specialist concerned. If a person has at all developed AIDS, we should not discard him like a hot potato. He should be...
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... The time of year when the cold of winter ascends upon us as well as a very common illness known as the flu. Everyone has had this illness at least once in their life, whether they were too young to remember it or if it was just last week. The influenza virus is one of the most common viruses as well as one of the deadliest. People don’t really think about the flu as deadly, but thirty-six thousand people die from the flu each year in the U.S alone. There are also more than two hundred thousand people that are hospitalized because of the flu. The influenza virus is one of the most complicated and unpredictable viruses there is. The Influenza virus can be broken down into three categories. The first category is Influenza type A. Wild aquatic birds such as ducks, geese, swans, gulls, shorebirds, and terns are the natural hosts for all influenza type A viruses. Most people refer to this type of flu virus as the Avian Flu. This type of flu can further be broken down into two different subtypes based on the proteins on the surface of the virus. These subtypes are hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). There are eighteen known HA types and eleven NA types. There are many different combinations of the two subtypes. All known types of type A can effect birds except two different types, H17N10 and H18N11, which have only been found in bats. Only two influenza A virus types are currently circulating among humans. These are H1N1 and H3N2. Influenza A is constantly...
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...Modern immunology is so far advanced from what it used to be. As a result, people can live longer lives. When the Black Plague was around, it killed by the thousands. It is in human nature to want to live longer. By studying diseases and our bodies’ reactions to them, ways are created to battle them and in some cases eradicate them. With Smallpox, Edward Jenner pioneered the first vaccine using an active but less deadly disease. He discovered that people who had contracted cow pox at some point never contracted Smallpox. He then researched this theory and started injecting people with the cow pox virus. He faced many adversaries who claimed that he was wrong. They said they found cases where they had contracted Smallpox even after having cow...
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...does is pumping blood and oxygen through our body. Those two functions are what keeps us alive and breathing. A person's most important goal should be to remain healthy in order to avoid any type of health issues. However, most people don't really realize the health issues that can occur in your heart when your health is not up to par. One of the most common health issues regarding the heart is congestive heart failure. This health issue occurs when the right ventricle has difficulty pumping blood to your lungs. When a ventricle has difficulty pumping, the blood backs up in your blood vessels causing fluid retention in lower extremities, abdomen, lungs, and kidneys. It is possible to have left-sided and right-sided congestive heart failure at the same time. CHF can be deadly if the main cause of the disease is not treated. Symptoms of congestive heart failure can be excess urination at night, chest pains, shortness of breath, swollen feet or legs, bloating, palpitations, Persistent coughing, or fatigue....
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...Diabetes is a menace that continues to strangle the American population, both young and old, at an alarming rate. Type 2 Diabetes has proven to be the deadliest of the various types of diabetes; resulting in blindness, limb amputations as well as death. In this paper, we shall examine diabetes in general and provide the best possible solutions to the disease. Commentary and Possible Solutions To comment on the various reasons why diabetes is living with us and might for years to come, it is factual that obesity is what the American population ought to deal with in ending diabetes. It is as a result of the much lessened physical activities in our youth and elderly population that our people continue to gain weight unnecessarily. Being a lifestyle...
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...Anthrax Disease in the News paper * Jenny Abarca * University Of Phoenix * HCS 330 * Professor: Jeff Kuhr, Ph.D. University of Phoenix Anthrax: The Deadly Terror It is difficult to imagine that one’s own governmental agencies may have played a role in releasing among it is own citizens one of the deadliest viruses known to humankind. Such is the affirmation made by Thomas L. Rempfer in his 2009 controversial article entitled “The Anthrax Vaccine: A Dilemma for Homeland Security”. His argument essentially relies on the thesis that both the Department of Defense and the Department of Health and Human Resources orchestrated an irrational climate of fear among the American people in which their vulnerability to anthrax and other potential terrorist was highlighted and presented as an issue of national security (2009). The primary reason for such shocking actions by these trusted and respected US institutions was to justify the continued testing of an anthrax vaccination that was imposed on American soldiers as part a mandatory anthrax vaccine immunization program (2009). According to Rempfer, the army and the Department of Defense officials believed that only the threat of an anthrax epidemic would force the government to reconsider closing the mandatory testing of the vaccine on the reluctant soldiers. He argues that the Department of Defense, as well as the Department of Health and Human Resources, played an unintentional role in the highly publicized 2001...
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...Working in the health care industry for the past thirty years has permitted me to gain first hand, up close and personal knowledge of the health care system in our country. Dealing with the facets of humanity over the past ten years who have no health care coverage, or those who are aided by the state in which they live has led me to form a definite opinion’s about the necessity for a national health care plan. My thought process about the national health plan has evolved around major components of health care, affordability, accessibility, and quality of care. At a time in society when the United States is trying to bounce back from deep recession, a joblessness rate hovering around eight percent, homelessness, and so many underemployed among other things we have the tenacity to engage in an ongoing debate over the need for national healthcare national healthcare. While I understand that a great deal of my fellow citizens feel that a national health care plan is not necessary, I feel that given information that may not have been accessed by them a common ground can be reached and the validity of the need solidly established. The United States is the only remaining industrialized nation without a national health plan is it any wonder that we feel privileged enough even to argue the issue. Jobless, homeless, underemployed, members of our society would gladly step to the podium and proclaim they are unable to obtain, treatment, medication, needed procedures, and even basic medical...
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...biosphere around us but also set the foundation for scientists to approach solutions for many human’s health problems. Among those many health issues, diseases that are associated with central nervous system raise the most concern. Many of these nervous disorders, surprisingly, are caused by the misfolding of our own human’s protein rather than any infectious virus or bacteria. Indeed, protein misfolding can bring about fatal aftermaths and consequences. One of them is very well-known deadly diseases, Creutzfeld- Jakob...
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...Fohne HCS/330 December 06, 2010 Peter Mabrey Smoking and Lung Cancer Every year an estimated 392,000 people die from smoking -related diseases such as Lung cancer and another estimated 50,000 people die from secondhand smoke each year. Smoking is the number one preventable death within the United States. Of adults who have ever smoked most started at the age of 21 years old or younger. Smoking is directly responsible for over 90% of all lung cancer deaths (American Lung Association, 2010). The goal of this paper is to provide an analysis of lung cancer, which directly relates to smoking. Included in the analysis is an introduction of the disease, disease history, lung cancer etiology, affected populations, and possible treatments if any. By providing this information, one will understand why it is important to keep the younger generations from smoking and encouraging those who already smoke to quit, saving their lives and those around them from this unnecessary death known as lung cancer. When introducing lung disease one needs to know the emphasis from abstaining or acquiring help to quit smoking, which would greatly reduce the chances for someone to be affected by this deadly disease. Lung cancer is diagnosed by the results of abnormal cell growth in one or both lungs. This abnormal cell growth is located in the lungs and forms lumps or masses known as tumors. Once these tumors are determined...
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...1.1 INTRODUCTION HIV and AIDS pandemic in the African continent has had a short but devastating history. Sub-Saharan Africa is more profoundly affected by HIV as compared to any other part of the world. Approximately 23 million people are said to be living with the deadly virus in the region which translates to about two thirds of the universal total. In 2010 alone, around 2 million people contracted the disease while 1.2 million died in sub-Saharan Africa. Since the onset of the pandemic, over 15 million children have lost one or both of the parents to HIV and AIDS. The social- economic effects of AIDS pandemic have not only been experienced in the health sector but also in agriculture, transport, human resource, education and the economy as at large (UNAIDS 2010). HIV and AIDS is therefore a major burden and challenge to the social, health and economic development of the African continent. There can be no significant growth in the region as long as the issue of AIDS is not addressed urgently. The impact of HIV and AIDS in the African continent and the world at large cannot be down played. This means that immediate measures should be taken by the general public and governments in order to curb the ever increasing effects of HIV pandemic to the African continent. Due to the economic standing of the African continent coupled with socio-cultural practices, HIV continues to spread at an alarming rate. Any further delays to address this issue will turn out to be detrimental...
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...risk it? Preventive care is the biggest milestone of the medical world, and vaccination represents one of the most important strategies in the prevention of disease in adults but more importantly children. The choices parents make to immunizations is a questionable debate. For example small pox has been globally eradicated, while diseases such as, polio are virtually nonexistent. Other life-threatening conditions such as measles have been dramatically curtailed to the point where families no longer fear the drastic effects of it. But in the recent outbreak of the measles in Disneyland, one would question if parents are still getting their children vaccinated for the measles. Dr. Andrew Wakefield wrote a research paper in 1998 on how vaccinations specifically measles and MMR could give a child autism, since then the speculations have increased and parents are worrisome. This is where one is at a stance, to vaccinate or not. Measles and other what once were eradicated diseases should be a requirement since scientists have now shown there are no correlations with autism, prevent the disease from spreading to others, and humanity would benefit as a whole. The recent outbreak in the US of the measles have taken parents are taking more towards social media and reading on some ‘news’ of how some vaccinations can cause diseases one of the most common autism. The news went around that the measles vaccination could give the risk of autism, and was even credited by some doctors who later...
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...Immunizations: Who Should be Calling the Shots? Immunizations: Who Should be Calling the Shots? Vaccines can prevent outbreaks of disease and save lives. By immunizing a critical portion of a community, most of us are protected from the disease because there is little chance for an outbreak. By reducing the number of people who are not immune, we can contain the spread of contagious disease. This is known as “community immunity” or “herd immunity” ("Vaccines.gov", n.d.). Diseases such as measles and pertussis were once highly feared and vaccines for these diseases have played an important part in reducing the transmissions of these and other deadly diseases. (Luthy, DNP,FNP, Beckstrand, RN, PhD, CCRN, CNE, Callister, RN, PhD, FAAN, & Cahoon, SN, 2012). While many people fear that immunizations can have harmful side effects such as developmental delays in children or that the government and pharmaceutical companies are profiting from the sale of immunizations, parents who choose to not immunize their children are putting the general public at risk. We must act now to encourage parents to vaccinate in order to prevent widespread outbreaks of once deadly diseases. Personal Beliefs There are currently 20 states that allow vaccine exemption based on parents’ personal beliefs, and this is becoming increasingly prevalent. Parents’ personal decisions to exempt their children from receiving vaccinations often stems from a false sense of security that if everyone...
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...Monica Plata ENC1101 20 November 2015 Take home essay #1 A Very Heavy Future. Childhood obesity is a reality in the US. Since parents do not have enough time to go home and make some food, instead they choose to go the quickest way, they would choose any kind of rapid food restaurant. But what we are not realizing are the major causes of this terrible disease called obesity. Many outcomes, which are all negative, make this “disease” so terrible, some of them are diet, medical conditions, and lack of physical activity. Obesity makes a big and negative impact in the diet of children. Kids these days consume more calories than the recommended from their doctors. Due to the lack of time of parents and the stress accumulated, they forget that fast food, soda, candy, snacks, sweets, and baked foods contribute to the gain of weight to their kids. And because they eat these kind of meals every single day, children get used to it and will not want to eat healthy meals. Everything contributes to very serious medical conditions. Childhood obesity is a mayor disease common among the children in the US. It all starts when the kid reaches and surpasses their normal weight point based on his/her age and height. Kids with extra pounds on their bodies have a higher risk of having other deadly diseases when becoming adults, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol. Childhood obesity also leads to poor self-esteem and depression. At this point most kids have a high lack of...
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...Breast Cancer is the most common cause of death in women Breast Cancer is the most common diagnosed Cancer among women and it is the second leading Cause of death in women between the ages 34 to 54. There are many women everyday diagnosed with breast Cancer but usually do not understand a lot about it in terms of how they got it and how it is supposed to be treated. It is a very serious disease that should not be taken lightly. There are many signs and symptoms of Breast Cancer that can help us detect it. Such as, lump or thickening in or near the breast or underarm, change in size or shape of the Breast , and many other changes. The American Cancer Society recommends a mammogram Annually for women over the age of 40 to detect these signs . Mammograms are used for women who have a small symptom such as just a lump. All types of women can get Breast Cancer all over the world. No matter of ethnicity, size, Or shape, Although some causes are still unknown. There are many risk factors that can increase a woman’s chance of getting the disease . Drinking alcohol, not getting enough exercise, being overweight, and having certain gene mutations. There are also Ways to lower your risk of getting Breast Cancer such as drinking less alcohol, getting a regular exercise routine, staying at a healthy weight, Breast feeding, and getting regular recommended Cancer Screening. It is very important to get checked for Breast Cancer. Women’s lives are saved each year by early detection of tumors...
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