...Gallbladder Disease The gallbladder is a sac located under the liver. It stores and concentrates bile produced in the liver. Bile aids in the digestion of fats, and is released from the gallbladder into the upper small intestine (duodenum) in response to food, especially fats. In the intestine, bile emulsifies fat, which prepares it for digestion, and then carries it into the cells so it can continue to be metabolized. The function of the gallbladder can be slowed or stopped by disease of this organ. Dr. Hoffman states “Gallbladder disease is a modern illness, with an estimated twenty million Americans have gallbladder disease” (1). With so many Americans affected by this disease let’s take a look at the contributing risk factors associated with gallbladder disease. The cause and contributing risk factors for the development of gallbladder disease are as follows by Dr. Hoffman (1): • Heredity. Gallstones occur slightly more frequently in Mexican Americans and Native Americans but also common in people of northern European stock. • Age. Gallbladder disease often strikes people over sixty years of age. • Gender. In medical school, the “five F’s” help doctors to remember the usual patient with gallbladder disease: fair, fat, forty, fertile, and female. Sexist as it sounds, it describes the group most frequently affected by gallbladder disease: overweight middle-aged white women with a history of several pregnancies. Excess estrogen may be implicated, since hormone replacement...
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...modern society obtains its food and the havoc it has wreaked on humankind. His title “The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race” clearly rings of passion but is it hyperbole? And what is the subject of his scrutiny? The adoption of agriculture. Modern American society is encultured in what he calls the “progressivist” mentality which is the belief that “human history over the past million years has been a long tale of progress” (Diamond, 1987). As explained by Diamond, progressivists celebrate the agricultural revolution crediting it with our ability to enjoy a variety of foods, have more leisure time, create art and build empires, lead long and healthy lives without the daily worry and trouble to find wild foods and avoid starvation. But Diamond brings forth some troubling news to rain on the progressivist’s parade. Those recent archaeology discoveries (now outdated) attempted to discredit the long held beliefs that the human race is better off because of adopted agriculture. “The adoption of agriculture, supposedly our most decisive step toward a better life, was in many ways a catastrophe from which we have never recovered. With agriculture came the gross social and sexual inequality, the disease and despotism, that curse our existence.” (Diamond, 1987). The support for this hypothesis is in the findings of indirect and direct tests. The indirect method examines modern day hunter-gathers: “Are twentieth century hunter-gatherers really worse off than...
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...the expression of disease in a particular person? • What kinds of information about disease can be gained through understanding concepts of epidemiology? http://evolve.elsevier.com/Copstead/ • Review Questions and Answers • Glossary (with audio pronunciations for selected terms) • Animations • Case Studies • Key Points Review Pathophysiology derives from the intersection of two older, related disciplines: pathology (from pathos, suffering) and physiology (from physis, nature). Pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells, and bodily fluids. Physiology is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. Together, as pathophysiology, the term refers to the study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of living beings. Pathophysiology seeks to reveal physiologic responses of an organism to disruptions in its internal or external environment. Because humans exhibit considerable diversity, healthy structure and function are not precisely the same in any two individuals. However, discovering the common and expected responses to abnormalities in physiologic functioning is useful, and it allows a general prediction of clinical progression, identification of possible causes, and selection of interventions that are most likely to be helpful. Thus, pathophysiology is studied in terms of common or “classic” presentations of disorders. Historically, descriptions of diseases were based on observations...
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...Antioxidants Anvirzel Artemisinin Asparagus Berries Boluses Bovine Cartilage Cancell Cansema Carnivora Alternative Cancer Therapies Page 1 Updated 05/17/11 Bookmark this page...as we learn of more therapies throug Please report any broken links by contacting info@mnwelldir.org Perhaps we should call these "unproven therapies" since many of them are on the American Cancer Society's infamous black list. Simply because something is "unproven" does not mean that it has been "disproven." And if a therapy fits the following— 1. It works. Castor Oil Packs Cayenne Pepper Chaparral Chinese Bitter Melon Chiropractic Clodronate Coley's Toxins Contortrostatin C-Statin D-limonene DMSO Electrolyzed Water Ellagic Acid Enzyme Therapy Escharotics Essential Oils 2. It's inexpensive. 3. Few, if any, negative side effects. 4. It's not patentable. —odds are it will stay on the black list because no one is going to spend a dime to prove its effectiveness. Medicine is a business. Cancer is a business. The FDA is running a protection racket, protecting drug companies and the AMA from anyone with an inexpensive and effective treatment for money making diseases. The following therapies are not guaranteed to work, at least by us. They are presented to you for information purposes only. For many, their effectiveness has been shown in limited clinical trials, but each one, by itself, is not enough. Everything works, when you do everything. Using an alternative therapy is not holistic, it is simply one rung in...
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...China’s Global Business Plan Team Memners MGT/448 January 22, 2012 Professor China’s Global Business Plan In week five Team C has to prepare a final global business plan paper for the venture in China. The team first had to summarize the findings from the previous team assignments. After summarizing the team had to integrate the week five assignment with the work that had been turned in previously. The team paper for week five included the rationale the team used for choosing the target country. The team also had to determine the marketing mix that was specific to the selected global product and give an explanation why this mix was chosen. A marketing plan was prepared that addressed product modification, pricing, promotional programs, distribution channels, and e-business in the chosen country. The paper will include market indicators and trends for the product. A financial overview for the global venture will be given, which includes a chart for the general budget and an explanation of how the company will deal with the foreign exchange risk. The company will have to identify potential domestic and international sources for funding the venture, and the team will identify two possible financial institutions within the chosen region. In the paper a description of the degree at which the organization will operate as a centralized versus decentralized organization, and a chain of command chart will illustrate how information is passed from the field to senior management...
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...ACCEPTABILITY OF AVOCADO AND YOUNG COCONUT MEAT AS HEALTHY SMOOTHIE Jo V. Ambat Annie Grace A. Bustamante Nico Braselle Casaña Raymond M. de Taza Manche P. Pere A research study presented to the faculty of Home Economics, Vocational and Technical, Education Department, College of Education, Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite in partial fulfilment of the requirements in HRML 24- Research I. Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Editha G. Reyes 1. INTRODUCTION The avocado is colloquially known as the Alligator Pear, reflecting its shape and the leather-like appearance of its skin. Avocado is derived from the Aztec word "ahuacatl". Avocados are the fruit from Persea americana, a tall evergreen tree that can grow up to 65 feet in height. Avocados vary in weight from 8 ounces to 3 pounds depending upon the variety. There are dozens of varieties of avocadoes. The rich and creamy Hass variety is the most popular type of avocado in the United States, and 95% of all avocados grown in the United States are produced in California, original home of the Hass variety. They are generally available throughout the year, they are the most abundant and at their best during the spring and summer in California and in October in Florida. While avocados are technically fruits, we have categorized them here as vegetables since this is how they are usually considered from a culinary perspective. Avocados can make a great base for a high-energy smoothie that will satisfy you and...
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...causes the lack of nutrients to the body. In particular, the diets that eliminate certain foods from a person’s diet completely put the person at risk for nutrient deficiencies. Many of the diet authors will suggest that consumers take daily supplements to make up for the lost nutrients; however supplements do not provide all the plant chemicals and nutrients that our bodies need to function properly. Another risk of these diets is that they produce rapid weight loss but do not teach the person about long-term weight management. There is also a misconception portrayed by the diet authors that there is no need to increase your amount of physical activity for weight loss to occur. Many of these diets actually increase your risks for certain diseases in the long-term, which does not occur with normal weight loss....
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...Mantesh TABLE OF CONTENTS Cure Tooth Decay Book Description Foreword By Timothy Gallagher D.D.S. President of the Holistic Dental Association Introduction 100% Real Dental Healing Testimonials Leroy from Utah Ms. Steuernol from Alberta , Canada Mike from Ashland , Oregon Pioneering Tooth Cavity Remineralization CHAPTER 1 DENTISTRY'S INABILITY TO CURE CAVITIES Reaffirm Your Choice to Cure Your Cavities The Real Cause of Cavities Remembering Your Connection Fear of the Dentist How Conventional Dentistry Works Micro-organisms Conventional Dentistry’s Losing Battle Against Bacteria The Failure of Conventional Dentistry Chapter 1 References CHAPTER 2 DENTIST WESTON PRICE DISCOVERS THE CURE Lack of Nutrition is the Cause of Physical Degeneration The Healthy People of the Loetschental Valley, Switzerland Modern Swiss were Losing Their Health The Healthy People of the Outer Hebrides Gaelics on Modern Foods are Losing Their Health Genetics and Tooth Decay Aborigines of Australia Nutritive Values of Diets Compared Fat-soluble Vitamins and Activators Mantesh Why Tooth Decay with Modern Civilization? Weston Price's Tooth Decay Curing Protocol Dr. Price's Protocol Summarized Chapter 2 References CHAPTER 3 MAKE YOUR TEETH STRONG WITH FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS How Teeth Remineralize 101 Hormones and Tooth Decay Cholesterol The Miracle of Vitamin D Vital Fat-Soluble Vitamin A Cod Liver Oil Heals Cavities Weston Price’s Activator X More Fat-Soluble...
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...pattern of personal experiences. Hip-hop or rap, an art form and culture nearly thirty years old originating from The Bronx, New York, has provided a forum for Black and Latino youth to express their respective cultures and speak on a number of issues. Today, Hip-hop is a global phenomenon that appeals to almost all ethnicities and is synthesizing a new culture that goes beyond race, education, and income. Hip-hop has been under continual metamorphosis since its 1970’s inner-city inception. Some of the original artists like Kurtis Blow chose to lament everyday life in the ghettos. Others, Sugar Hill Gang among them, took a more dance inspired approach to the music. But for both these and other artists from the early years of rap through the late 1980’s including KRS-One, Public Enemy, Queen Latifah and LL Cool J, fast beats and socially relevant lyrics were among the primary components of the music. By the 1990’s a new face of rap music emerged. It began with Ice T and later gained popularity with artists such as NWA (Niggaz Wit Attitude) whose first album shocked and titillated the rap world with their obscene lyrical content and unabashed “gangsta” style, since then dubbed by the media as “gangsta rap.” Despite the growing acceptance of Hip-hop within white America and the middle class, Hip-hop is, at times understandable, also under siege. Comments made on rap or Hip-hop by Bill O'Reilly, popular talk show host on the Fox News Channel solidify that: Did you know...
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...Massachusetts Institute of Technology 6.042J/18.062J, Fall ’02: Mathematics for Computer Science Professor Albert Meyer and Dr. Radhika Nagpal Course Notes 10 November 4 revised November 6, 2002, 572 minutes Introduction to Probability 1 Probability Probability will be the topic for the rest of the term. Probability is one of the most important subjects in Mathematics and Computer Science. Most upper level Computer Science courses require probability in some form, especially in analysis of algorithms and data structures, but also in information theory, cryptography, control and systems theory, network design, artificial intelligence, and game theory. Probability also plays a key role in fields such as Physics, Biology, Economics and Medicine. There is a close relationship between Counting/Combinatorics and Probability. In many cases, the probability of an event is simply the fraction of possible outcomes that make up the event. So many of the rules we developed for finding the cardinality of finite sets carry over to Probability Theory. For example, we’ll apply an Inclusion-Exclusion principle for probabilities in some examples below. In principle, probability boils down to a few simple rules, but it remains a tricky subject because these rules often lead unintuitive conclusions. Using “common sense” reasoning about probabilistic questions is notoriously unreliable, as we’ll illustrate with many real-life examples. This reading is longer than usual . To keep things in bounds...
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...Contrast Between Catholic and Baptist Religion - Ask most people today if they have heard of Baptist and Catholic religion and most would say yes. In many ways the two are very similar. For instance, both are based on the Christian faith, belief in the trinity, and that God is the one true God. The two religions agree that Jesus died on the cross and rose again to atone for our sins. They share a 27 book New Testament and insist that salvation comes from Christ alone. On the other hand, while the Baptist and Catholic religions do have similarities, they also have differences, such as their services, communion, and views regarding salvation. The Catholic Religion - The world has more than one billion Catholics and with the ever growing population, it will only get larger in number. To be a Catholic means to have complete faith in God and his divine grace. Having God's divine grace means to obey it and keep it holy as it was created by God and given to his people. The religion itself is based on this and the people take it very seriously. Catholics believe that all people are of good nature but when one commits a sin it not only hurts that one person but the people and the Church.... [tags: Catholicism, What Catholics Believe, informative] 1922 words (5.5 pages) $14.95 [preview] Catholic religion - CATHOLIC RELIGION To belong to the church one must accept as factually true the gospel of Jesus as handed down in tradition and as interpreted by the bishops in union with the pope...
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...* Terminology Unit 1 * Mental Health- A state of well-being in which each individual is able to recognize his or her own potential, cope with normal stresses of life, work productively and fruitfully, and make a contribution to the community. * Mental Illness- maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent with the local and cultural norms, and interfere with the individuals social, occupational and or physical functioning. * Anticipatory grief-when a loss is anticipated, individuals often begin the work of grieving before the actual loss occurs. * Bereavement overload- this is particularly true for elderly individuals who may be experiencing numerous losses- such as spouse, friends, other relatives, independent functioning, home, personal possessions, and pets in a relatively short time as grief accumulates a type of bereavement overload occurs which for some individuals presents an impossible task of grief work. * Ego defense mechanisms-defense mechanisms employed by the ego in the face of threat to biological or psychological integrity identified by Anna Freud 1953. Some of these are more adaptive than others, but all are used either consciously or unconsciously as protective devices for the ego in an effort to relieve mild to moderate anxiety. * Projection: Attributing feelings or impulses unacceptable to one’s self to another person. * Undoing:...
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...00_078973706x_fm.qxd 1/14/08 2:42 PM Page i NCLEX-PN ® SECOND EDITION Wilda Rinehart Diann Sloan Clara Hurd 00_078973706x_fm.qxd 1/14/08 2:42 PM Page ii NCLEX-PN® Exam Cram, Second Edition Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN-13:978-0-7897-2706-9 ISBN-10: 0-7897-3706-x Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rinehart, Wilda. NCLEX-PN exam cram / Wilda Rinehart, Diann Sloan, Clara Hurd. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-7897-3706-9 (pbk. w/cd) 1. Practical nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 2. Nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 3. National Council Licensure Examination for Practical/Vocational Nurses--Study guides. I. Sloan, Diann. II. Hurd, Clara. III. Title. RT62.R55 2008 610.73'076--dc22 2008000133 Printed in the United States of America First Printing: February 2008 Trademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately...
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...he Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-1A, BDI-II), created by Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. Its development marked a shift among health care professionals, who had until then viewed depression from a psychodynamic perspective, instead of it being rooted in the patient's own thoughts. In its current version the questionnaire is designed for individuals aged 13 and over, and is composed of items relating to symptoms of depression such as hopelessness and irritability, cognitions such as guilt or feelings of being punished, as well as physical symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, and lack of interest in sex.[1] There are three versions of the BDI—the original BDI, first published in 1961 and later revised in 1978 as the BDI-1A, and the BDI-II, published in 1996. The BDI is widely used as an assessment tool by health care professionals and researchers in a variety of settings. The BDI was used as a model for the development of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), first published in 1979 by clinical psychologist Maria Kovacs.[2] Contents [hide] * 1 Development and history * 1.1 BDI * 1.2 BDI-IA * 1.3 BDI-II * 2 Two-factor approach to depression * 3 Impact * 4 Limitations * 5 See also * 6 Notes * 7 Further reading * 8 External links ------------------------------------------------- Development...
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...Chapter 1 - Geography Matters: Definitions: * Human geography the study of the spatial organization of human activity and of people’s relationships with their environments * Cartography: the body of practical and theoretical knowledge about making distinctive visual representations of Earth’s surface in the form of maps * Map projection: a systematic rendering on a flat surface of the geographic coordinates of the features found on Earth’s surface * Ethnocentrism: the attitude that a persona’s own race and culture are superior to those of others * Imperialism: the extension of the power of a nation through direct/indirect control of the economic and political life of other territories * Masculinism: the assumption that the world is and should be shaped mainly by men for men * environmental determinism: a doctrine holding that human activities are controlled by the environment * globalization: the increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental political and cultural change * ecumene: the total habitable area of a country. Sine it depends on the prevailing technology, the available ecumene varies over time. Canada’s ecumene is so much less than its total area. * Geodemographic research: investigation using census data and commercial data (i.e. sales data and property records) about populations of small districts to create profiles of those populations for market research ...
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