...FACTORS AFFECTING DRUG RELAPSE AMONG DRUG DEPENDENTS: BASIS FOR IMPROVED REHABILITATION SERVICES A Research Paper Presented to The Faculty of Lourdes College Cagayan de Oro City In Partial Requirement for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Social Work Batuampar, Haya Bueno, Ma. Margarita Pates Kris CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM Introduction Drug abuse is a rampant social problem. Drug abusers are placed in rehabilitation centers that help the residents recover from abusing drugs. As stated in R.A 9165 Art. II Sec 15 “ A person apprehended or arrested, who is found to be positive for use of any dangerous drug, after a confirmatory test, shall be imposed a penalty of a minimum of six (6) months rehabilitation in a government center”, these residents are then reintegrated into the society after their rehabilitation. But sometimes, these residents turn back to using drugs and undergo relapse. Out of all drug users, 14.72% are readmitted into centers because they undergo relapse. (Dangerous Drug Board, 2012) Marlatt and other studies have shown that people who receive treatment for problematic drug and alcohol use are likely to return or ‘relapse’ to problematic use. In fact Marlatt and Denovan (2005) contend that many will have multiple episodes of abstinence and relapse. According to Marlatt in order for a person to undergo relapse he/she must first experience any high risk situations. The result whether he/she will relapse is able to cope and increase self-efficacy...
Words: 2747 - Pages: 11
...The Alternative Sentencing Policies and Solutions This comprehensive analysis describes the different possible alternative solutions for women, and juvenile offenders. The Bureau of Justice Grant programs developed incentives for other programs to decrease the overcrowded conditions for most state and federal prisons. These grant programs provided the information and incentives for state governments to expand, build, and adapt closed military bases as extension of the federal penal prison system. This initiative encouraged local and state courts to implement truth-in-sentencing and alternative sentencing concepts to lessen the burden of overcrowded prison systems. The grants divided in half for building prisons to increase the bed space for violent offenders, and the other half for alternative solutions to incarceration. The incentive funds used for more alternative solutions; prison islands, or barges, or closed military bases. Sentencing Drug Statistics The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) reported four to one ratio of prisoners showed under the influence of drugs, or alcohol while committing the current crime, or at the time of the violation (Langan, P, & Levin, D, 2002). The BJS showed detailed statistics report of 400; 000 people arrested for drugs, or drug-related offenses; 70% sent to state prisons, 40% drug-related offenses, 32% alcohol-related offenses, and 20% other violent crimes. The survey researched by the Department of Justice (DOJ) along with the (BJS) report...
Words: 2571 - Pages: 11
...The Alternative Sentencing Policies and Solutions This comprehensive analysis describes the different possible alternative solutions for women, and juvenile offenders. The Bureau of Justice Grant programs developed incentives for other programs to decrease the overcrowded conditions for most state and federal prisons. These grant programs provided the information and incentives for state governments to expand, build, and adapt closed military bases as extension of the federal penal prison system. This initiative encouraged local and state courts to implement truth-in-sentencing and alternative sentencing concepts to lessen the burden of overcrowded prison systems. The grants divided in half for building prisons to increase the bed space for violent offenders, and the other half for alternative solutions to incarceration. The incentive funds used for more alternative solutions; prison islands, or barges, or closed military bases. Sentencing Drug Statistics The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) reported four to one ratio of prisoners showed under the influence of drugs, or alcohol while committing the current crime, or at the time of the violation (Langan, P, & Levin, D, 2002). The BJS showed detailed statistics report of 400; 000 people arrested for drugs, or drug-related offenses; 70% sent to state prisons, 40% drug-related offenses, 32% alcohol-related offenses, and 20% other violent crimes. The survey researched by the Department of Justice (DOJ) along with the (BJS) report...
Words: 2571 - Pages: 11
...10/0806/0461 2014/04/22 2014 [Type the company address] Social Challenges Drug Use and Abuse in Secondary Schools It has been recognized in Guyana and other Caribbean countries that the youths are confronted with a number of challenges and Drug Use and Abuse in Secondary Schools is a major one. This therefore leads the mind to ask three questions; 1. Are Secondary school students making the decision to use drugs because of pressure from their peers? 2. Are Secondary school students using drugs because someone in their household is also using it? 3. Are students abusing drugs because it is easily accessible and affordable? According to the 2007 Guyana School Survey on Drug Prevalence in Secondary Schools, statistics indicated that the response of the majority of the students’ feedback was positive for the above three questions. How can we prevent drug use and abuse? What can treatment centers do to deal with abusers? Drug use (substance abuse) is a serious cry for help and making your child feel ashamed or embarrassed can make the problem worse. Some common behavior in changes you may notice is your child is abusing drugs and alcohol is: violent outbursts, rage, disrespectful behavior, poor or dropping grades, unexplained weight loss or gain, skin abrasions/track marks, missing curfew, running away, truancy, bloodshot eyes, distinct “skunky” odor on clothing and skin just to name a few. To prevent drug use and abuse communication is the key. Whenever opportunity arises parents...
Words: 1644 - Pages: 7
... October 29, 2014 Assessment of Non-acute Health and Social Services in Ponchatoula, Louisiana The community assessed was Ponchatoula, Louisiana. The focus of the assessment was non-acute health and social services. The community-as-partner model was used as a guide in understanding how the different parts of Ponchatoula’s community make up its core, and to apply the steps of the nursing process (Anderson and McFarlane, 2011). The assessment was based on observations of the community, interview data from a nursing home director, and selected published data related to the healthcare and social services assessed. Assessment data was analyzed, and conclusions and inferences drawn from the analysis will be presented in the paper. Windshield Survey On October 28th at approximately 4:00 pm an observation of Ponchatoula was conducted while driving through the city’s limits. This survey was done to acquire an overall health assessment of Ponchatoula’s environment including buildings and people out and about. The city itself appeared dated as evidenced by the architecture, especially on E. Pine St. However, for being the age they are, the buildings appeared well kept with clean paint jobs. Sidewalks lined each side of E. Pine, which runs east to west through the center of Ponchatoula. Witnessed were 5 men riding bikes, numerous people shopping downtown, and only 1 woman sitting and smoking a cigarette. The focus of the...
Words: 2723 - Pages: 11
...today would be alcohol. Alcohol contributes to a number of things that can ruin a person’s life. In this essay I am going to discuss some of the problems that come with alcohol abuse. Problems Analysis Alcohol is a major common denominator with physical and verbal abuse to loved ones. Often when people abuse alcohol they their tempers and there is no reasoning with them, they are not thinking about the fact that the person they are hurting is their wife/husband, lose child/children or even their mother and/or father. Violence in general derives from alcohol. Most of the public disturbances among strangers are because someone has had too much too drink – hence the charge of public intoxication. Then there are automobile accidents; According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) 33,561 people died in traffic crashes in 2012 in the United States (latest figures available), including an estimated 10,322 people who died in drunk driving crashes, accounting for 31% of all traffic deaths that year. Losing employment; there are people who have lost their jobs due to their terrible habit of drinking on the job. Another problem with alcohol abuse would be health problems. Too much alcohol abuse will kill your liver. In 2013 there were 15,990 deaths from liver disease losing assets like your home or car. I personally feel like alcohol is from abusing alcohol. In my opinion alcohol is just as bad as drugs if not worse if you consider marijuana a drug. Plan...
Words: 513 - Pages: 3
...treatment programs for sex offenders in Western Australia, New South Wales and New Zealand are examined and recidivism rates compared. Treatment programs for offenders with drug and alcohol issues and the various strategies within the criminal justice system such as diversion, education and drug court programs are examined and differences explained. Rehabilitation programs such as education, life skills, employment and cognitive behavioural treatment are explained and research discussed. Conclusions will be drawn outlining programs with the highest level of recidivism both in Western Australia and globally. The “nothing works” mantra (Martinson) 1974, is seen to be refuted and treatment is seen to be successful when it is matched to the criminogenic needs of the offender (MacKenzie, 2006). Future recommendations are made in regards to the need for correctional staff to assess each offender as an individual with different needs, and to therefore implement programs that will give the offender the best change of reform or rehabilitation (MacKenzie, 2006). There are many treatment and rehabilitation programs currently used in corrections around the world aimed at reducing recidivism (MacKenzie, 2006). A heuristic approach classifies various strategies into incarceration, treatment programs and rehabilitation (McKenzie, 2006)....
Words: 2879 - Pages: 12
...corrections component. It will also be discussing the budgetary and managerial impact that it has on future trends including law enforcement and the courts system. The criminal justice system will always be a significant part of social order. The world’s leader in incarceration is the United States. Prisons and jails operate around two philosophies of punishment vs. rehabilitation. The past tend was solitary confinement with no concern for inmate rehabilitation or any concern for the well-being of the inmates. Most of the increase has come from the changes in sentencing laws and policies, but not in the crime rates. These trends have stemmed in prison overcrowding and financial burdens on states to oblige a fast increasing penal system. The war on drugs sentencing policies resulted in an intense increase in incarceration for drug offenses. There was also the “Three Strikes and you Out” laws. Severe sentencing laws such as mandatory minimums are responsible for offenders to stay in prisons for a longer periods of time, also high recidivism rates. Woman in Federal and State prisons that have been incarcerated for drug offenses has increased. The women’s have histories of significant histories of physical, sexual abuse, HIV, and substance abuse. Even though violent crime has been coming down, the prisoners that are serving life sentences continues to grow (Carson & Sabol, 2012). With the prison populations increasing the new incentive is community corrections. Over the...
Words: 1253 - Pages: 6
...Community Based Rehabilitation for PWDs Introduction: Definition and meaning of concepts Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) focuses on enhancing the quality of life for people with disabilities and their families, meeting basic needs and ensuring inclusion and participation. CBR was initiated in the mid-1980s but has evolved to become a multi-sectoral strategy that empowers persons with disabilities to access and benefit from education, employment/vocational, health and other social services. CBR is implemented through the combined efforts of people with disabilities, their families, relevant government and non-government organizations and communities. CBR is "a strategy within community development for the rehabilitation, equalization of opportunities and social integration of all people with disabilities” (provided by United Nations) "CBR is a strategy for enhancing the quality of life of disabled people by improving service delivery, by providing more equitable opportunities and by promoting and protecting their human rights" (Einar Helander; Internationally Recognized Expert on CBR) Goals/objectives of CBR The goals of CBR are to ensure the benefits of the Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities reach the majority by: ✓ Supporting people with disabilities to maximize their physical and mental abilities, to access regular services and opportunities, and to become active contributors to the community and society at large; ✓ Activating communities...
Words: 2579 - Pages: 11
...Assignment Each student will present a written case study of a selected patient with schizophrenia and provide a critical evaluation of the assessment, treatment and management of the patient utilizing relevant research evidence. The work should include the following areas: 1. A critical analysis of the assessment and diagnostic process 2. A critical analysis of the management/ rehabilitation-medical, nursing and other management 3. Appropriate referencing Methodology A random method was used to select the patient for this study. The patient was chosen from a cohort of patients on a psychiatric ward. The aim was to critique the assessment, treatment and management of a patient medically diagnosed with Schizophrenia. Various sources of information were utilized in the collection of information for this project. A research of this caliber demands that sources of information are peer reviewed current and of scholarly sources. Therefore it was with this in mind that the information was collected using internet medical portals, journal article and appropriate text books with a wide variety of information on the topic of choice. The patient’s docket was also used because it is a primary source of information about the management of the condition. Introduction Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric disorder characterized by impaired communication with loss of contact with reality and deterioration from previous level of functioning at work, social...
Words: 3236 - Pages: 13
...Christianity point of view. b) Law of the land. DRUG AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE. INTRODUCTION. DEFINITION. Drug. 1) A drug is any chemical you take that affects the way your body works. Example: alcohol, caffeine, aspirin, nicotine etc. 2) A drug is a substance which may have medicinal, intoxicating performance when taken by a human body. Drug abuse. 1) It is the use of illegal drugs, the misuse of prescription or over-the-counter drugs for at least a year with negative consequences. 2) Compulsive, excessive and self-damaging use of habit-forming drugs or substances, leading t addiction or dependence, serious physiological injury(e.g. damage of kidney, liver, heart) and/or physiological harm(e.g. dysfunctional behavior patterns, hallucinations, memory loss),or death. Substance abuse. Harmful/hazardous use of psychoactive substances including alcohol and illicit drugs. Substance abuse is also sometimes referred to as drug abuse. Drug and substance abuse has become a disaster and an issue to be addressed urgently worldwide. In Kenya, drug abuse is one of the major problems alongside poverty, corruption and HIV/AIDS. However, whereas the HIV/AIDS prevalence is coming down, drugs and substance abuse is on the increase compounded by lack of a traditional control system and frustration arising from unemployment, idleness and poverty. WHY SUBSTANCE AND DRUG ABUSE IS AN ISSUE OF CONCERN. Since the issue of drug abuse came into existence, a lot of measures to curb...
Words: 3596 - Pages: 15
...negatively plagued society. The complexities surrounding addiction are not easily overcome. These complexities are even more defined in cases of substance abuse by pregnant women, including legal addictive substances such as nicotine and alcohol. This issue has been pushed to the forefront of the public consciousness over the course of the past 30 years. Murphy and Rosenbaum 1999, describe maternal prenatal substance abuse as “chronic use of alcohol and/or other drugs by pregnant women”. It is my belief that the use of tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drugs during pregnancy is still child endangerment .All these tetatogen’s can kill your baby or cause serious problems for them with the development of cognitive, physical, social, and emotional abilities. It is unfair to the child to have no control over what has caused them problems with development as a result of their mother’s teratogen use; therefore there should be consequences as a result of their harmful decisions. It is understood that a women has the right to do with her body what she wants and that some that are pregnant: drink, smoke, or use illegal drugs with no signs of birth defects apparent in the born fetus. In addition, I do have compassion for those addicted to drugs that may require...
Words: 2198 - Pages: 9
...the cannabis sativa plant. This drug can either be brown, gray, green or purple. It has multiple names; cannabis, grass, marijuana and weed are only a few of them. Marijuana can be used in multiple ways. It can be smoked through a water pipe, “joint”, smoking paper used to roll it into, or as a “blunt,” which is a hollowed out cigar filled with the drug. It can also be made into edible items such as brownies or cookies. It was originally brought to the “New World” in 1545, but was introduced and used as a cash crop in Jamestown in 1611. The drug never really caught on and had been used until the 1920’s. Many people believe that the prohibition was the cause of the cannabis use. It was mostly used by people in show business and was not considered a social threat, but yet a treat (Narconon). Marijuana was listed in the United States Pharmacopeia until 1942. The United States Federal Bureau of Narcotics conducted a campaign in the 1930’s to show that weed is dangerous to society and is very addictive. In 1937 the Marihuana Tax Act made Cannabis federally illegal in the United States. The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 classified marijuana along with heroin and LSD as a Schedule I drug (Narconon). Should this product really be illegal? People look at it as being such a negative drug, but have they ever really looked at the positive views of marijuana, its effects, how it compares to alcohol and what Americans think of it. Cannabis is a drug that has many different uses. It can...
Words: 1454 - Pages: 6
...Anti-Drug legislation Analysis Joe Lamb CJA/354 May 21, 2012 Lora Terrill Anti-Drug legislation Analysis The topic of paper will focus on the numerous anti-drug policies created by federal and state legislation. Furthermore, the similarities and differences between the various states will be compared with federal policy. An analysis will further be provided regarding the legalization or decriminalization of the drug marijuana and the possible impact legalizing drugs like marijuana could have on the federal, state, and local law enforcement, corrections, and society. In 1875, San Francisco was the first state to enact a ban that prohibited individuals from smoking opium. Unfortunately, the Act targeted mainly Chinese immigrants but was a leading factor to the creation of future antidrug laws. In 1914 the Harrison Act came into effect which required all medical professionals dealing in morphine, opium, and other substances to register with the federal government and pay an annual tax of one dollar. Any individual not registered and who were caught trafficking drugs could be punished with a fine of not more than two thousand dollars and serve up to five years in prison. Before the Heroin Maintenance Act was put into effect in 1920, individuals addicted to drugs could be treated at a clinic with medially prescribed Heroin. Studies conducted over time proved that the use of heroin to treat substance abuse was only causing further damage by prolonging one's addiction and delaying...
Words: 1639 - Pages: 7
...based on there inability to pay. That is a guaranteed. If the child needs treatment it will be provided “(V. Lopez, Adolescent AOD Counselor, September 6, 2012). Valerie Lopez works at McAlister Institute as an Adolescent Alcohol and Other Drug (AOD) Counselor. The interview method was conducted over the telephone and through e-mails because she is in San Diego, California. It is Valerie’s responsibility to; schedule and conduct screenings and intake. Facilitate groups directly associated with alcohol and chemical dependency issues. She provides individual counseling to a case load of 25-35 clients and to assess treatment objective progress. Develop treatment objectives and goals for program participants. Assist in peer review of client files to ensure accuracy of medical and non medical billing. Contact client’s parents via telephone or written correspondence regarding absences from program activities and delinquent payments. Documents levels of program participation in the client’s case file. She provides ongoing monitoring of the clients’ compliance with program’s rules and regulations as approved by the State, County of San Diego. Communicate with Probation Officers and provide them with a monthly progress report of client’s progress. Conduct random Urine Analysis. Attend staff meetings and trainings as assigned by the Program Manager. Teen Recovery Center (TRC) McAlister Institute's Teen Recovery Centers provide substance abuse...
Words: 1553 - Pages: 7
