...Theory : The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse generation, and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide time delays, as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop element. Derivatives provide up to four timing circuits in one package. The 4017 is an integrated circuit which has been designed to count pulses. It has 16 pins and looks like any other 16 pin integrated circuit. They can be used in timing circuits and are often used to switch on and off LEDs or motors or other circuits. They are versatile and relatively simple to put together. Counters such as the 4017B are cheap and yet surprisingly useful. The 4017 is most useful when combined with a timer such as a 555 based circuit. The pulse from the 555 timer can be used to activate the 4017B circuit. A 555 a stable circuit is used to pulse the 4017B at regular intervals. The pulse from the 555 IC is generated from pin 3. In the circuit seen below, pin 3 of the 555 IC feeds into pin 14 of the 4017B (called ‘clock in’). When this occurs pin ‘A’ of the 4017B emits current, lighting its LED. The next pulse from the 555 IC results in pin ‘B’ of the 4018B IC emitting current and lighting its LED. Description of Design: In our project we aimed to display a simple design to clear the Idea of our circuit . We made a white and rectangular shape box, and put the LEDs with the push and switch at its flat. That will make it easy to turn On and off without seeing the...
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...The structure of the earth The earth has three major parts-the land part or lithosphere, the water part or hydrosphere and the air part or atmostpere. The lithosphere is the surface on which you live . It is also the earth solid sphere consisting mainly of massive rocks. The massive rocks form large land masses called continent and small island groups . Different land form such as mountains,hills,valleys,plateaus and plains make up the lithosphere. The hydrosphere include all water forms such as oceans,seas,rivers,lakes,and groundwater found beneath the earth. Geologists or scientists who specialize on the history and composition of earth study carefully these two major parts of the earth. They study the different layers of the earth and what each layer is made of. You see only the surface of the earth – the oceans, seas, rivers, rocks, and soil. They cover the earth just like the thick peeling of the pomelo or orange fruit. When you cut open the pomelo, you see layers of pulp inside it. If the earth were cut open, you will see that it is made of three layers. They are the crust, matle and the core. The topmost layer of the earth is the crust which is made of solid rock. It is thicker under the continents; approximately between 11 to 35 kilometres. But under the oceans, it can be 5 to 12 kilometres thick only. At the lower boundary...
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...How IC 555 timer works? Fundamentals of IC 555 timer & its basic applications VSagar • December 16, 2011 This article was first written on 16 Dec. 2011 and now it is rewritten in simple language with more practical approach, due to huge demand from visitors. Pin-wise functioning of IC555 timer Pin-1, GROUND: It is the GROUND PIN of the IC. The negative terminal of DC power supply or battery is connected to this pin. Here note that IC555 works always on single rail power supply and NEVER on dual power supply, unlike operational amplifiers. Also note that this pin should be connected directly to ground and NOT through any resistor or capacitor. If done so, the IC will not function properly and may heat up and get damaged. This happens because all the semiconductor blocks inside the IC will be raised by certain amount of stray voltage and will damage the IC. Refer the block diagram of the IC for more details. For more details read elaborate collection of FAQ on this IC. Pin-2, TRIGGER It is known as TRIGGER PIN. As the name suggests in triggers i.e. starts the timing cycle of the IC. It is connected to the inverting input terminal of trigger comparator inside the IC. As this pin is connected to inverting input terminal, it accepts negative voltage pulse to trigger the timing cycle. So it triggers when the voltage at this pin LESS THAN 1/3 of the supply voltage (Vcc). In number of applications, the IC must be triggered by a pulse. The amplitude and minimum pulse width...
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...Discussion of Trends Using Appropriate Pot 1 27 Trend 27 Matching the Frequencies of the Chosen Songs 29 Overall Results 30 Discussion 31 Conclusion 38 References 40 Appendix 43 Error Calculations 43 The extra resistor from the wires connecting the components in the circuit 43 The effect of temperature on the resistivity of the fixed resistors in the circuit 43 Calculations of best pot 44 Choice of Resistor and Pot 44 Calculation of Frequency Ranges 44 Introduction Shaping and generation of waves is done using electronic circuits known as multivibrators. These circuits produce outputs that can be characterized as either stable or unstable in state. This project will discuss how a 555 Timer IC chip is applied in an Astable multivibrator when it operates in its astable state. Astable Multivibrators According to Wayne Storr (2013), Astable multivibrators do not have any states that are stable. That means that their modes switch from one state to...
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...Discussion of Trends Using Appropriate Pot 1 27 Trend 27 Matching the Frequencies of the Chosen Songs 29 Overall Results 30 Discussion 31 Conclusion 38 References 40 Appendix 43 Error Calculations 43 The extra resistor from the wires connecting the components in the circuit 43 The effect of temperature on the resistivity of the fixed resistors in the circuit 43 Calculations of best pot 44 Choice of Resistor and Pot 44 Calculation of Frequency Ranges 44 Introduction Shaping and generation of waves is done using electronic circuits known as multivibrators. These circuits produce outputs that can be characterized as either stable or unstable in state. This project will discuss how a 555 Timer IC chip is applied in an Astable multivibrator when it operates in its astable state. Astable Multivibrators According to Wayne Storr (2013), Astable multivibrators do not have any states that are stable. That means that their modes switch from one state to...
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...UCC28C40, UCC28C41, UCC28C42, UCC28C43, UCC28C44, UCC28C45 UCC38C40, UCC38C41, UCC38C42, UCC38C43, UCC38C44, UCC38C45 SLUS458E -- AUGUST 2001 -- REVISED OCTOBER 2010 BiCMOS LOW-POWER CURRENT-MODE PWM CONTROLLER FEATURES DESCRIPTION D Enhanced Replacement for UC3842A Family D D D D D D D D D D UCC38C4x family is a high-performance currentmode PWM controller. It is an enhanced BiCMOS version with pin-for-pin compatibility to the industry standard UC384xA family and UC384x family of PWM controllers. In addition, lower startup voltage versions of 7 V are offered as UCC38C40 and UCC38C41. With Pin-to-Pin Compatibility 1-MHz Operation 50-μA Standby Current, 100-μA Maximum Low Operating Current of 2.3 mA at 52 kHz Fast 35-ns Cycle-by-Cycle Overcurrent Limiting ±1-A Peak Output Current Rail-to-Rail Output Swings with 25-ns Rise and 20-ns Fall Times ±1% Initial Trimmed 2.5-V Error Amplifier Reference Trimmed Oscillator Discharge Current New Under Voltage Lockout Versions MSOP-8 Package Minimizes Board Space Providing necessary features to control fixed frequency, peak current-mode power supplies, this family offers the following performance advantages. The device offers high-frequency operation up to 1 MHz with low start-up and operating currents, thus minimizing start-up loss and low operating power consumption for improved efficiency. The device also features a very fast current-sense-to-output delay time of 35 ns and a ±1 A...
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...rural retail — Presentation Transcript * 1. • RURAL RETAILING 1 * 2. RURAL RETAILING By R.SATHVEENA - 72060 RURAL RETAILING 2 * 3. INTRODUCTION • The world’ s econom ce ic ntre is s hifting away from the e tablis d, we s he althy econom s of Europe J apan, and North ie , Am ricaandtow e ardstheAs iaPacific • India is one of the fas s -g te t rowing larg e econom s in the w ie orld. Ove the las 15 r t years India has chang d m e uch fas r te thanm any predicte . d RURAL RETAILING 3 * 4. • Overall, competition and structural changes within the economy have raised the bar in terms of what consumers have come to expect. • Retailing is the largest private sector industry . Retail is the sale of merchandise in small quantities to the ultimate consumer. RURAL RETAILING 4 * 5. The Indian Consumer Is Rapidly Transforming Outlook– From Traditional to Modernized Traditional RURAL RETAILING 5 * 6. • From Functional to Lifestyle RURAL RETAILING 6 * 7. DEFINITION • Retailing can be defined as the set of activities that markets products or services to final consumers for their own personal or house hold use. This is done by organizing the availability of goods and then supplying them to consumer on a relatively small scale. RURAL RETAILING 7 * 8. • The mix of variables including price, location, communications, merchandise, physical attributes, services and personnel form the retail mix and these components form the over all strategic marketing components of retailing...
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...ASSO OC.PRO OF.DR Ayla OĞUŞ O Gör rkem To opuz 07 7020111 13 A Abstract t; T This pape examine relation er es nship betw ween infla ation ,defl lator and current GDP o econom growth with usi econometric tec on mic h ing chniques w that provide with p approp priate proc cedures fo estimati and in or ion nference.Fo many c or country, in nflation has an importan effect in econom situatio n nt n mic on.Moreov ver,inflatio is used for to on d see how much countries developed. w d .But in my case i us inflatio for how much y sed on w it effec cted econo omic grow wth.And a also i follo up oth variabl with in ow her les nflation to show how the effect economic g w ey growth. T mode include a poten The el es ntial impa of inf act flation on growth ,current , GDP, inflation effect on consume prices via anuua % valu and in er al ues nflation on deflator(an nnual %). effect o GDP d T mode highlig The el ghts if inf flation inc creses dir rectly ther is a negative re n impact on grow t wth.When inflation above th percent he tage of … …then gro owth is affect in a nega ative way.Below tha rate inf at flation does not hav any ef ve ffect on h y ve tly e growth or it may even hav a slight positive effect. S So,in this paper inc clude both negative and posi h e itive affec of inflation on ct econom grow but mostly neg mic wth m gative aff fect, and also incl lude time series e eviden about how muc inflatio and def nce ch on flator have an impa on eco act onomic growth in Turke...
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...Member Profile DEPOSIT INSURANCE VIETNAM I. INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE DEPOSIT INSURANCE OF VIETNAM (DIV) D e posit I nsu r a n ce of Vie t n a m ( DIV), a St at e- owned Financial I nst it ut ion of Viet nam was est ablished on Novem ber 9t h 1999. DIV s funct ion is t o safeguard t he deposit ors legit im at e right s and int erest s, t o cont ribut e t o t he st abilit y of insured deposit I nst it ut ions and ensure t he safe and sound developm ent of t he banking indust ry. DIV is a non - profit organizat ion, operat ing under Governm ent s Degree, and is not governed by t he Law on Financial I nst it ut ions and t he Law on Insurance. DI V is one of t he regulat ors of t he banking and financial syst em . DI V is operat ing under Ordinance 89/CP and Amendment No. 109/CP. Head office of DIV located at 18 20F., Tower B, Vincom Cit y Tower, 191 Ba Trieu, Hanoi. CURRENT LEGAL FRAMEWORK Decree No. 89/ 1999/ N - CP of the Government Decision No. 218/ 1999/ Q TTg of the Prime Minister Decree No. 109/ 2005/ N - CP of the Government 01/09/1999 On deposit insurance 09/11/1999 On the establishment of DIV On the amendment, supplement of a number of provisions of t he Governm ent s Decree No.89 24/08/2005 II. MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF DIV 1. Issue Certificate of Deposit Insurance for financial institutions; 2. Collect deposit insurance prem ium s from insured I nst it ut ions ( fixed premium of 0.15% per annum); 3. Reimburse deposit ors wit h st ipulat ed m...
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...Vol. 27, No. 5, September–October 2008, pp. 811–828 issn 0732-2399 eissn 1526-548X 08 2705 0811 informs ® doi 10.1287/mksc.1080.0398 © 2008 INFORMS Supermarket Pricing Strategies Department of Economics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, paul.ellickson@duke.edu William E. Simon School of Business Administration, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, misra@simon.rochester.edu Paul B. Ellickson Sanjog Misra M ost supermarket firms choose to position themselves by offering either everyday low prices (EDLP) across several items or offering temporary price reductions (promotions) on a limited range of items. While this choice has been addressed from a theoretical perspective in both the marketing and economic literature, relatively little is known about how these decisions are made in practice, especially within a competitive environment. This paper exploits a unique store level data set consisting of every supermarket operating in the United States in 1998. For each of these stores, we observe the pricing strategy the firm has chosen to follow, as reported by the firm itself. Using a system of simultaneous discrete choice models, we estimate each store’s choice of pricing strategy as a static discrete game of incomplete information. In contrast to the predictions of the theoretical literature, we find strong evidence that firms cluster by strategy by choosing actions that agree with those of its rivals. We also find a significant impact of...
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...natural rubber, tin, palm oil, timber, petroleum, and natural gas, Malaysia is also one of the world’s leading exporters of electronic semicond uctors, roo m air-cond itioners, and a udiovisual e quipmen t. Prior to July 199 7, Asia was seen as a region exemplifying success in economic growth and development. Between 1991 to 1996, the Malaysian econom y grew at an ave rage rate of m ore than 8% . Howev er, Mala ysia could no t shield itself from being negatively impacted by the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis where the nation suffered a 7.5% c ontraction in its Gross D omestic P roduct (G DP) in 1 998. In 2000, M alaysia had a workforce (defined as persons between 15-64 years old) of slightly above 9 million. About 60% of the workforce were below 35 years of age. Union members accounted for about 8.15% of the labour force. Unemployment was reported at 3% of the labor force, and foreign workers accounted for one out of every seven jobs (Malaysia 1996-1998, 1996 ). This scenario shapes the Malaysian labour market condition. Until 1997, the salary and wage rate in the country had experienc ed a significant g rowth. Th is was a result of the rapid econom ic growth and near p erfect emp loyment. T his paper will discuss the...
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...Indiatimes | The Times of India | The Econom ic Tim es | More | Log In | Join | News The page Stock Quote Follow ITeS Type Company Name You are here: ET Home » Tech » ITeS 24 SEP, 2012, 06.53AM IST, INDU NANDAKUMAR,ET BUREAU Idle staff in US, Europe to drag profits of Indian software companies like TCS, Infosys and Wipro A ds by Googl e The page is blocked due to Vel Tech 3 Tw eet Share 0 Prestige BellaVista Porur PropT iger.com/ - 1 BHK@2 5.2 Lacs, 2 BHK@4 8.9 7 Lacs 3 BHK@7 5 Lacs. Av ail Spl Offer Now BANGALORE: The rising number of idle workers in the US and Europe for Indian software companies could drag profitability lower. This will add to troubles already caused by an uncertain business environment, where clients are delaying decisions around technology projects. The so-called 'bench' consisting of engineers who are not working on any active projects has increased by at least seven percentage points at TCS, Infosys BSE -0.31 % and Wipro, analysts said. Industry executives and analysts are of the view that the swelling bench could shave off up to 150 basis points from operating margins in the coming quarters. Onsite utilisation rates, or the proportion of engineers in client locations assigned to billable projects, have fallen to below 90 per cent from 97 per cent at the beginning of the year. A senior industry executive, who works closely with large IT companies, said that up to 18 per cent of onsite staff are sitting idle at some...
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...20/02/2012 Inventor Management Review: McDonald's, a guide to the benefits of JIT Inventor Management Review Charles Atkinson on inventory management topics. Nov ember 08, 2005 McDonald's, a guide to the benefits of JIT Just-in-Time (JIT) inv entory is the big thing right now in operations. This, along with lean operations and six sigma are the buzz words being talked most about. But what ex actly is the deal with JIT operations? First of all, JIT is a form of prov iding supplies for customers, as the name suggests, just in time. For ex ample, Dell, whom I wrote about, has become famous for its JIT model which inv olv es not ev en being in possession of the raw materials needed to fulfill an order until that order is placed and y et they are still capable of filling orders in a short period of time. McDonald's is another ex ample of a JIT sy stem wherein McDonald's doesn't begin to cook (well, I should probably say reheat and assemble what may or may not be actual food) its orders until a customer has placed a specific order. What used to be the case was McDonald's would pre-cook a batch of hamburgers and let them sit under heat lamps. They would keep them for as long as possible and ev entually discard what couldn't be sold. The only way to get a fresh hamburger under the old sy stem was to make a special order. Now, due to more sophisticated burger-making technology (including a record-breaking bun toaster), McDonald's is able to make food fast enough to wait until...
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...Essay: R.J. Reynolds International Financing (HBS 9-287-057). Page 1 of 7 "Cour sew or k.Info offer s a ver y valuable tool to students." Dr Yaakov Wise, Univer sity of M anchester LO G I N JO I N N O W ! SEARCH Adv anced search Search Coursew ork .info You a re he re : Universit y > Business and Adm inist rat iv e st udies > Finance > R.J. Reynolds I nt er nat ional Financing ( HBS 9- 287- 057) . N O M ORE BRAI N FREEZE - j ust love ly ide a s j uice ! W e 've got 1 ,4 6 2 GCSE Gr e e n Pla n t s a s Or ga n ism s Essa ys on lin e r ig h t n ow t o in sp ir e you St udy t he w ork of t he bright est st u den t s in t h e u k , a ll for le ss t h a n 1 7 p a da y. Accoun t ing ( 513 Essays) Econom ics (1,080 Essays) Fina nce ( 1, 083 Essays) H um a n Re sour ce M a na ge m e nt ( 1,012 Essays) M a na ge m e nt St udie s ( 1, 723 Essays) - I n t e r n a t ion a l Fin a n cia l R.J. Rey nolds I nt er nat ional Financing ( HBS 9- 287- 057) The case is set in t he cont ext of RJR’s 1985 financing of it s $4.9 billion acquisit ion of Nabisco Brands I nc. To finance t he acquisit ion, RJR was pr oposing t he issue of $1.2 billion of 12 year not es and t he sam e am ount in pr efer r ed st ock . I t had alr eady funded $1.5 billion of t he acquisit ion leav ing $1 billion m or e t o finance. Challenges facing RJR: Of t he $1.5 billion t hat had been funded, $500 m illion cam e from cash and t he r em aining was t hr ough bank bor r owings and...
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...Note: This report has intentionally been made “visual and Scannable” rather than in an essay format. This is done to give the reader a “bird’s eye view” of the options available. Multinational Corporations Jabwood Case Write-up Mohammad Ismail 3035076280 Page: 1 Background & Problem Identification Jabwood, a timber trading company with branches in Lebanon and a strong distribution and service network all over the Middle East, is owned and operated by the Jabado family since the 1930s.Recently it has experienced a fall in its sales volume and market share due to the middle eastern uprising and the falling demand.. Jabwood is expecting to lose the revenue and market share further as TANITA (competitive edge) is extending its exclusive sales rights from Jabwood to other companies. Jabwood is currently considering international expansion into new markets – in particular Saudi Arabia and China – to offset these declining revenues. This case examines the macroeconomic environment of Lebanon, China and Saudi Arabia, and the timber industry in these countries. The characteristics of a successful international expansion are considered. Besides identifying attractive criteria for each country, the case requires a decision on a strategy to enter the market to ensure a successful expansion of the company. Given the risks involved and the potential profits from each of these countries, Jabwood has to decide whether to expand in any market or both, and the...
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