...Behavioural Support Model 1.1 Explain how Positive Behavioural Support has been influenced by: • Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) • Social Role Valorisation (SRV) ABA is a scientific process of examining what causes and maintains behaviour, in order to bring about positive change. SRV promotes valued social roles for individuals who are socially disadvantaged, to help them get some of the good things in life. 1.2 Summarise current legislation and policy guidance relating to Positive Behavioural Support The current legislation relating to Positive Behavioural Support is titled - the Positive Behaviour Support Policy – Safe management of challenging behaviour in children and young people with learning disabilities and autism. The broad aims of the policy are: • the prevention of challenging behaviours; • that, where used, restrictive physical interventions promote the best interests of children and young people; • that all risks associated with the use of restrictive physical interventions are continuously assessed; • to maintain the safety and dignity of children, young people and staff; • that managers and employers discharge their responsibilities effectively; • to highlight the training needs of staff in the use of restrictive physical interventions. 2.1 Define the term ‘challenging behaviour’ Behaviour of such intensity, frequency or duration that the physical safety of the person or others is placed in serious jeopardy or behaviour which is likely to seriously...
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...Communication in health and safety I will be discoursing how two different theories of communication have been observed which is used within is a busy and dynamic teaching hospital which situated in central London. It patients of wide variety of ethnic and social class background and overseas with different medical needs. I will to start with explaining or defining communication as a giving and receiving exchanging ideas, information, signals or messages through appropriate media, enabling individuals or groups to persuade, to seek information or to express emotions. So in order to achieve this definition as health and social care professional’s good communication skills are very vital in other to develop positive relationship, to share information with people using services. Also be able to communicate well with people’s families, cares and their own colleagues and other professionals. They’re different ways of communication in health care we have verbal, written and nonverbal within these means communication it has to be clear to understandable. Before emphasis on the two the theories of communication which was observed in Gracefield Hospital they are actually 4 theories of communication which is Humanistic, Behaviourist, Cognitive and Psychoanalytical however I be will focusing on Psychoanalytical and Humanistic which was observed in to explain what Psychoanalytical according to {Sigmund Freud) He argued that human behaviour is not something inborn but is shaped by the experiences...
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...A physiotherapist’s Guide To Challenges ABSTRACT In the course of providing patient care, challenging situations arise. This guide describes expectations of physiotherapists in managing challenging situations that arise with patients, a patient’s partner or family member or other health professional when providing patient care. The guide is a supplement to practice standards, code of ethics and other resources on the general ethics in patient management. In this article, efforts were made to identify reason(s) why challenging situations develop, responsibilities and expectations of the physiotherapist in such circumstances, and strategies for managing the situations. In the course of providing patient care, challenging situations arise. For the purpose of this guide, a challenging situation is a situation that may interfere with a physiotherapist’s ability to deliver quality care culminating in achieving positive physiotherapy outcomes. Many challenging situations involve interpersonal issues that arise in the healthcare system due to a variety of factors including the availability of resources, personal expectations and other environmental or contextual factors. Behaviour of professionals and/or patients and the healthcare setting where treatment is delivered or the service delivery model can all contribute to creating challenging situations. Regardless of the cause, physiotherapists are expected to manage each situation in a manner that promotes safe and respectful patient-centered...
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...Question 1: Explain with an example of counselling problem, how you would apply one theory of learning to solve a problem? Learning is defined as a permanent change in behavior, through experience, study or instructions. Learning theories generally explain how people learn. Ogbebor (2007), states that theory of learning tends to probe into the ways learning occur in animal and man. Learning theories are generally classified into three categories which are; The Behaviorist Theory, The Cognitive Field Theory and the Social Learning Theory. However, there is a fourth theory of learning, which is known as the Humanistic Learning Theory. The importance of learning theories cannot be over-emphasized as they give us an in-depth knowledge of how human beings and animals learn and this knowledge tend to help us develop and modify appropriate ways of teaching the learners. The purpose of this paper is to show how we can possibly use one of these learning theories to solve a counselling problem and it is the desire or this writer therefore, to focus on the behaviorist learning theory which believes that learning occurs as a result of stimulus – response association and the interest of this group is on the overt behavior or human beings. Prominent among these exponents, are; The Russian scientist, Ivan Pavlov, Edward L. Thorndike, B. F. Skinner, Watson, Guthrie and C.L. Hull, among others. Beneath the behaviorist theory are the following behavioral therapies which are; the classical...
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...leadership. There is also a proposal to merge the organisation with a neighbouring hospital, which is unsettling for the workforce and the security of their jobs in the future. I manage a team of four members of staff who are all finance and senior finance assistants, the majority of whom have worked in the organisation for several years. This essay is about leadership styles in the workplace and the impact these have on the behaviour of members of staff, including a review my own preferred leadership style. In this task I have used my experiences with my team and the general management around me to apply and provide relevant examples of various leadership theories. 1. Describe the factors that will influence the choice of leadership styles or behaviours in workplace situations Under the Hersey-Blanchard Theory of Situational Leadership (Hersey and Blanchard, 1969) managers should aim to adapt their leadership style to the given situation. It is based on the amount of direction (task behaviour) and the amount of socio-emotional support (relationship behaviour) a leader is required to provide. The combination of these that should be used in a given situation is dependent on various factors that should influence the choice of style as follows:- * Learning level of member of staff: - the leadership style adapted to a given situation should take into account the competence level of the member of staff who is being given the task or responsibility. The development stage takes into...
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...care settings. Level 2 and 3 Certificate in Induction into Adult Social Care in Northern Ireland Outcome 1 Understand the importance of diversity, equality and inclusion 1. explain what is meant by diversity, equality, inclusion, discrimination 2. describe the potential effects of discrimination 3. explain the importance of inclusive practice in promoting equality and supporting diversity. Outcome 2 Understand how to work in an inclusive way 1. describe key legislation and codes of practice relating to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination in adult social care settings 2. explain the possible consequences of not actively complying with legislation and codes of practice relating to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination in adult social care settings 3. describe how own beliefs, culture, values and preferences may affect working practice 4. describe ways to ensure that own interactions with individuals respect their beliefs, culture, values and preferences 5. compare inclusive practice with practice which excludes an individual. Outcome 3 Understand how to raise awareness of diversity, equality and inclusion 1. describe how to challenge discrimination in a way that promotes change 2. explain how to raise awareness of diversity, equality and inclusion 3. explain how to support others to promote diversity, equality and inclusion. GLH – 12 hours 09/11/13 Page 1 of 7 Outcome1- Understand the importance of diversity, equality and inclusion...
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...[pic] The British Council [pic] Behavioural Competency Dictionary External Version: August 2006 Contents [pic] 1. Introduction and explanation of behavioural competencies 3 2. Behavioural Competencies 5 1. Introduction and explanation of behavioural competencies [pic] Introduction The purpose of the British Council is to build mutually beneficial relationships between people in the UK and other countries and to increase appreciation of the UK’s ideas and achievements. The work of every British Council member of staff contributes in some way to the achievement of this purpose through contributing to one or more of the following outcomes: • Improved perception of the UK in other countries • Greater mutual understanding between the UK and other countries • Stronger ties between the UK and other countries It is therefore important that we all have a clear understanding of what our role is and what is expected of us. To do this we use job descriptions which describe the aims and objectives of jobs and the behavioural competencies and generic skills required to do a specific job. These form part of the Organisational Skills Profile together with a third element, job families. At the British Council we use a standard set of 13 behavioural competencies. This dictionary describes them in further detail. For further information on any aspect of the person...
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...examples, explain how the following characteristics may affect the contribution of the individual to the organisation: (i) personality (ii) (ii) attitudes (13 marks) (Total 25 marks) ANSWER (a) The potential scope of the individual’s contribution to the organisation includes: ● Effort – managers expect employees to work and fulfil agreed objectives ● Time – individuals contribute their time and this may include unsocial hours ● Obedience – to company rules and policies ● Flexibility – organisations need to respond to changing situations and varying demands in effective and customer focused ways ● Adaptability – individuals are most effective where they adapt to change ● Skills – individuals bring a variety of skills that are essential to the effective performance of the organisation. These will include technical, conceptual and inter- personal skills ● Loyalty and commitment – to the organisation’s goals and their effective fulfilment ● Personality – this is important to internal relationships and group effectiveness ● Any organisation is more than the sum of its individual parts i.e. the individuals that compose it ● Creativity – the individual may contribute new ideas and the development of better methods and processes ● Individuality – this may be very important to the ongoing health and effectiveness of the organisation i.e. challenge to conventional wisdom and norms (b) (i) ● Personality may be defined as characteristic patterns of behaviour and...
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...assignment is going to discuss the causes, effects and strategies relating to challenging behaviours in settings. It will incorporate the discussion on available legislation that attempts to deal with challenging behaviour in settings such as work based settings. It will further analyse behaviour and its impact on the individual of a variety of special needs and challenging behaviours and will look at the positive support planning available that attempts to address challenging behaviour. According to Emerson et al (2011), “challenging behaviour is an umbrella term used to describe any behaviour that puts the person and those around them at risk”. Examples of challenging behaviour are aggression, self-injuries behaviour, property destruction, oppositional behaviour, stereotyped behaviours, socially inappropriate behaviour, and withdrawn behaviour. Human behaviour happens for a reason and understanding its causes is key to managing certain behaviours. Different reasons can be attributed to the causes of some challenging behaviours and these can be driven by different reasons such as seeking social attention, an attempt to seek advantage and get something, an attempt to escape from something like a trauma and some can arise from an enjoyment of certain sensory activities. As has been described that the causes vary depending on individuals, it should also be borne in mind that behaviour can have a harmful effect on the lives of both the individuals behaving in a challenging way...
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...Develop, Motivate and Maintain human resources, in the organisation. It first selects the right human resources or staff (i.e. mangers and employee). It trains and develops them. It motivates them by giving them recognition and rewards. It also provides them with the best working condition. HRM is directly concerned with the "People" of the organisation. It is people oriented process. That is manage people at work. (Akrani, 2011) HRM is a process of four function which are listed below: * Acquisition of human resources: It includes planning, recruitment, selection, placement and induction of staff. * Development of human resources: It includes training/ development and career development. The knowledge skill, attitudes and social behaviours. * Motivation of human resources: This function includes giving recognition and rewards to the staff. It also includes performance, appraisal and handling the problems of staff. * Maintenance of human resources: This function includes providing the best working condition for employees. It also looks after the health and safety of the staff. Outsourcing * Freelancing * Sub-Contracting * Franchising * Consultancy Work H R M Employee Needs Long term consequences * Individual well-being. * Organizational Effectiveness. * Societal well being. Business Strategy and Condition Internal Flexibility * Part time * Temporary Work * Home work * Tele working * Flexi-time ...
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...Managing cross cultural communication Introduction Globalization is a phenomenon that is in vogue nowadays. In this rapidly changing world to succeed it’s imperative for an organization to adopt the phenomenon of globalization. On one hand globalization cultivates scores of benefits for the organization. On the other hand, it also generates various dilemmas for management. One of these dilemmas is of effective communication management. This phenomenon of globalization presents challenges of understanding and managing cross-cultural communications. According to Stephen Roberts: “Culture is the framework in which we communicate” This suggests that various factors give rise to the problem of cross-cultural communication. These factors include: language, environment, technology, social organization, the perception of authority and non-verbal communications. Having the ability to assess these variables is vital in ensuring for managers to convey messages and conduct business across a wide range of cultures. This paper addresses communication within multicultural project teams and the significance of leadership style in managing cross-cultural communications. The aim of this paper is to reveal different ways or skills that managers need to adopt to make the process of communication effective. Furthermore, this paper sheds lights on variegated barriers that may exist in effective communication process in a cross-culture environment. Literature review Zapf...
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...alzheimers.org.uk Unusual behaviour As dementia develops, it can cause behaviour changes that can be confusing, irritating or difficult for others to deal with, leaving carers, partners and family members feeling stressed, irritable or helpless. By learning to understand the meaning behind the actions, it can be easier to stay calm and deal effectively with the challenges that arise. This factsheet outlines some typical sorts of unusual behaviour in people with dementia and explains some common causes. Each person is an individual, with their own preferences and character traits. However, certain forms of behaviour are particularly common in people with dementia. If the person you are caring for has difficulty expressing him or herself in words, the unusual behaviour may become more extreme. By working out what each behaviour means, and finding ways to overcome the problem, the situation can become more manageable. Common types of unusual behaviour Repetitive behaviour People with dementia often carry out the same activity, make the same gesture, or ask the same question repeatedly. Medical professionals sometimes call this ‘perseveration’. This repetition may be because the person doesn’t remember having done it previously, but it can also be for other reasons, such as boredom. It is not unusual for a person with dementia to go through the motions of the activity they may previously have carried out at work. 1 This can indicate a need to be occupied...
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...How to Critically Analyse Psychological Research Table of Contents The Theory 2 The Research Rationale 2 The Participants 2 The Design and Procedure 2 1. Research method 2 2. Lab vs field research 2 3. Demand characteristics 3 4. Experimenter bias 3 6. Social desirability 3 7. Validity of the experimental manipulation 3 8. Stimulus sampling 4 9. Reliability and validity of measures of the independent and/or dependent variables 4 10. Confounding variables in 4 11. Order of items/events 4 The Statistical Analyses 5 1. Excluded participants 5 2. Missing data 5 3. Validity and reliability of dependent variables 5 4. Sufficient statistical power 5 5. Statistical assumptions 6 6. Correct use of inferential statistics 6 7. Correct interpretation of analyses 6 8. Alternative analyses 6 The Discussion 6 1. Alternative explanations 6 2. Cause-effect ambiguities 6 3. Third variable 7 4. Mediators and moderators 7 5. Replication 7 6. Interaction or main effect?: 7 Place the Research in the Context of Similar Research 8 Suggestions for Future Research 8 Inappropriate Criticisms 8 1. Criticizing the article rather than the research 8 2. Ethical criticisms 8 3. Incomplete criticisms 8 4. Criticisms of the reliability or effectiveness of methodology that produced the predicted results 9 5. Random allocation of participants to conditions 9 How Not to Use this Document! 10 Structuring a Critical...
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...Explain how the role of the teacher changes in the process of the child’s growing normalisation (socialisation) | Reflecting how the role of the teacher in a Montessori Childcare setting changes considering the moment and type of children’s need is the aim of this essay. The focus will be anchored on what Maria Montessori defined by ‘normalisation’ (Montessori, 2007a) and how the teacher promotes its achievement, analysing how the professional and the child’s performances will develop in consequence of it. I will take in consideration the justifications and advantages outlined in the Montessori principles’, as well as what would be the consequences of the lack of this process. For better understand it, I will briefly re-visit the social embryonic stage socialisation is linked with the growing socialisation of children in pre-school ages, and highlight the importance of consistency and respect of the favourable environment. Montessori (1966) identified children arriving to Casa dei Bambini with several characteristics of behaviour which result in obstacles to the natural development of the child, these where called deviations and identified in categories of as fugues (active) or barriers (passive) - both, would disappear while the process of normalisation is successful. The process of normalisation in a Montessori classroom relates to the period of time that a child takes to focus his/her energies, will and concentration, self-absorbed and disciplined thanks to the engagement...
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...This case study of Kodak has face several challenges in order to compete with other photographic film businesses. Besides, the tremendous growth in technology has intimidate the company's core business, producing photographic products. In this case study, Kodak has gone through a transition stage in the late 80s to 90s. The motive behind of this transition was due to the prologue of new technology where during those years, people are more likely to use digital photography instead of the old traditional photography films. Kodak were well-known in developing photographic products and the company has developed most of the components of digital photography, nevertheless the effort has lead to a severe impact on the company business. Question 1 What is your analysis of what has gone wrong so far? In the recent years, Kodak has undertaken a transformation from being the traditional film business to a new digital photography business but the effort was not acceptable which lead to sales decline in the United States ("TECHNOLOGY; Advice to Help Kodak" 2004). It is said that, by recruiting in two CEOs from different industries was not a good idea for Kodak (Rise and Fall 2014). Kodak thought that, the CEOs from a dissimilar industry would present in new ideas which might help Kodak to maintain its position in the industry and also to make profits (Rise and Fall 2014). Based on the case study, Kodak had borrowed some amount of money just to finance the purchase of Sterling Drug, Inc...
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