...Muslim and Arab Stereotyping By Western Media Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements Of ENG216/246 Course By Ismail Yousry … 111645 Under Supervision of Dr. Ghada El Akhdar Muslim and Arab Stereotyping By Western Media Industrial Engineering MSA University Table Of Contents ABSTRACT………………………………………………………...……3 I. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………3-4 II.LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………………….5-9 III.DISCUSSION………………………………………………………9-11 IV.CONCLSUION………………………………………………………11 REFRENCE………………………………………………………………12 ABSTRACT This research objectively is talking about the negative growing relationship between Arab Muslims and the western world particularly after the world trade Centre attack, Arab phobia have been a part of the western culture. For centuries the Arab has played the role of villain, seducer of our women, hustler and robber-the barbarian waiting at the gates of development. Currently in the 20th century, Arab as seen as terrorists, murderers and enemies due to how media presents them, new images has been emerged to the whole world thanks to Hollywood film makers, this study also aims to reveal the truth image of the Arab Muslim world and to prove the unfair attitude against Arab and Muslims made by the media that was not careful to appear neutral and unbiased. I.INTRODUCTION Who exactly are the Arabs and Muslims? When we use both of these terms, we Are talking about more...
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...a negative attitude toward an entire category of individuals. Discrimination is behaviour that excludes all members of a group from certain rights, opportunities or privileges. A range of international events have recently focused attention on the issue of prejudice; increasing ethno-nationalistic tensions in former Eastern block countries, racial conflict in the Middle East, Africa and intergroup conflict related to “ race debates “ in Europe, The U.S.A and Australia. Psychology is the only discipline, which over the past century has consistently and systematically investigated the issue of prejudice and race. Social psychology has a long tradition of empirical and theoretical research in this field and currently there are many social psychologists in Australia engaged in significant and timely research. This is no accident given the regions long and chequered history regarding race relations with the treatment of the Australian Aborigines has been likened to genocide. Currently there are a number of theoretical and conceptual psychological approaches, which both define and explain prejudice. Personality theories primarily locate race and prejudice within the intro-psychic domain of the individual. From this perspective, authoritarian-rearing practices, intolerance and intro psychic defence mechanisms are isolated as casual agents to a significant problem. There are several theories as to why people are prejudiced. The exploitation theory keeps a racial group in a subordinate...
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...an integral role in the development and sustenance of any personal or business relationship. Ethics determine the acceptable behaviors within a society and the overall behaviors of a business. Marketers must understand the impact ethics have on marketing communications and develop Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) strategies accordingly. This paper will discuss various ethical challenges facing marketers today, identify internal and external factors on IMC, and formulate two ethical questions based upon the analysis. Ethics in Marketing The practice of ethics within an organization is an important but difficult concept to understand and practice. The reason ethics are difficult to manage is that the concept is so subjective (Duncan 2002, pp. 671). Ethical values differ between societies and individual relationships, therefore a company must decide on an ethical communication strategy and portray it as consistently as possible. Duncan (2002) describes three ethical considerations companies must understand when developing marketing communications and relationships with customers. Stereotyping Stereotyping plays a significant role in developing marketing strategies that are both effective and ethical. "The challenge for brands is to develop messages that strike a chord with targeted audiences without reinforcing negative stereotypes" (pp. 672). Companies must ensure that their marketing tactics are not alienating certain individuals or groups while reaching...
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...a distorted view that focuses on terrorists and extremists. Even though this religion teaches peace and love, because of highly publicized Islamic fundamentalists who have abused and defamed the name of Islam there are stereotypes and distrust geared towards the group. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief insight into the teachings of Islam and how those teaching promote love and peace, not war and bloodshed, in spite of the misconceptions. Understanding the Teachings of Islam Right now, Islam is a highly controversial and sensitive issue in today’s world and there are many misconceptions about its beliefs, values, and goals. The condition of Islam right now is in chaos because of the acts of terrorists and extremists. There needs to be an understanding that the religion of Islam does not portray violence and hate that most see in the media today. The religion of Islam is not very different from other highly practiced religions in the world. Many see Islam through a fallacious view that focuses on terrorists and extremists. Even though this religion teaches mercy and compassion, it has been abused by these people to change focus of the true meaning. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief insight into the teachings of Islam and how this religion is not about the violence and hate. By discussing its basic principles and practices there can be a better understanding of the religion. Islam is a highly practiced religion, even thought there are some variations...
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...Forever 21: Dealing with America’s fear of aging and death Abstract This paper is about confronting America’s fear of the issues of aging and death. Over the years, American culture has grown uncomfortable with matters of growing old and death. The basis of this thinking is rooted in the mind and influenced by society. There is an ever increasing desire that’s rampant across our nation to remain young. This can be seen in the media, marketing for different products from makeup to apparel. Americans want to remain young for as long as they possibly can. In 1984, the band Alphaville came out with the song “Forever Young” to express America’s heart cry. However, aging and death is a part of life and a direct result of the fall of man. Aging and death were not the original condition of humanity, rather punishment that resulted from rebellion against God’s commandment. This paper examines why there is aging and death, America’s response to it, and a solution to rightly mature in the process. Since long ago America’s heart cry has been to stay young forever. In 1984, the band Alphaville came out with the song “Forever Young” to communicate the nation’s desire. In cities across the country and around every turn, materialism is vocalizing the longing for youth everlasting. This constant struggle with “wants” versus “reality” has left individuals searching for ways to cope. In addition, the lifespan of human beings was not always an average of eighty years. One thing to take into...
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...of the civil rights movement (Tran and Birman 2010). Direct experiences are pervasive, with research showing that over 99 % of Asian American adolescents have had at least one encounter in which they felt like they were being stereotyped as a model minority (Thompson and Kiang 2010). Yet, despite its prevalence and commonality, the developmental implications of the model minority stereotype are not well-understood. Most of the existing research has been...
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...Running head: SUBTLE BIAS SHARED WITHIN AN AMERICAN SOCIAL CONSTRUCT Subtle Bias as a Social Construct In America May 28, 2012 Abstract An understanding of the subtle bias that affects our society is a form of humanistic deception. Although the norms in America appear to be uniform; we will see that biases are influenced by various social factors such as stereotype, prejudice, discrimination, and labeling including the Attribution Theory. This paper will compare and contrast scientific literature to gain more insight into the subtlety of this social construct. I am seeking not to understand the reason why we as social beings are bias, but to simply show that this distorted truth exist. Subtle Bias as a Social Construct In America My theory of unconscious bias along with the self-affirmation process that accompanies it clouds our worldview in our present society. We all do it no matter how accepting we appear to be or even claim to be. Irrational thoughts are usually based on a worldview that illustrates our interpretation of the world we live in (Wilson, 2001). This worldview is a set of assumptions and beliefs that we hold on to that guide our behavior. It helps us to make sense out of our lives. It determines what we think about human nature, causes of emotional issues, and where bias comes from (Entwistle, 2004). There is always some form of discriminatory behavior or covert prejudice prevailing within our essence. Unfortunately, there is a strong manipulative...
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...previously identified as being either gay or straight. All results, statements and answers will be kept confidential. Does Gaydar Exist? The issue of a person’s sexual identity has always been a controversial issue for some. When it comes to the Gay and Lesbian community there is a saying or “Theory” that someone who identifies themselves sexually as homosexual has a sixth sense that is referred to as “Gaydar”. This means that for some reason it is believed that other homosexuals can spot each other out based on appearance alone. This idea that gays may have some sort of sixth sense or ability to tell if someone else is gay or not without that person verbalizing it themselves are been criticized and viewed as just stereotyping; However, if you socialize with anyone from the Gay and Lesbian community than you have probably seen Gaydar in action. Many argue that one cannot simply know someone else sexual identity by just looking at them, but the Gay community disagrees. More often than not Gaydar is mistaken...
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...Cultural Evaluation Paper: Legalizing Cannabis in I BCOM/275 Business Communications and Critical Thinking According to Cheesebro, O'Connor, and Rios (2010), “Cooperative cross cultural communication is possible if the communicators are sensitive to each other’s cultures” (Chapter 3). There are some basic principles that should be used when communicating cross-culturally. The first is that greater cultural and language differences will increase the likelihood of communication breakdowns. Another important principle is to understand cultural differences enough to recognize what may be considered taboo within a particular culture. An example would be; it is customary to offer a small gift to a Japanese visitor, but also to know that if the gift offered is a knife, it represents a suggestion for the receiver to commit suicide (Cheesebro, O'Connor, & Rios, Chapter 3, 2010). To be effective in cross cultural communication, more so when information is intended to be persuasive in nature, one should make the effort to learn the style differences in cross culture communications. Learning Team C has prepared a persuasive document in regards to the legalization of marijuana. The content is designed with American cultures in mind and with the understanding that if it were to be communicated cross-culturally some changes would be applied. Our study of cross cultural differences between the American and Indian cultures discovered a difference in tactics...
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...Religious and Ethnic Diversity Paper Ryan K Wehrsig, University of Phoenix I have chosen to write the religious part of this paper on the Roman Catholic religion. The Roman Catholic religion differs from other religions in many ways. The Church teaches that it is the one true Church divinely founded by Jesus Christ. They differ from a Christen religion even though they worship the same God. They have unique beliefs, practices, and traditions that set them apart from other Christians. Over the course of the centuries there has been many quarrels and hostilities between Catholics/Christians and Muslims. In the 1500’s the Roman Catholic Church did not tolerate any deviance from its teachings because they did not want to show a sign of weakness. The Roman Catholic religion has contributed a lot to the American culture. About 24 percent of Americans identify themselves as Catholic, making Catholicism the largest Christian denomination in America. One of the biggest religions we have here in our Country. Catholics faced a lot of discrimination and prejudice when they were first being introduced into the United States. Some states even tried to banning Catholicism. Even though the first amendment of the constitution granted freedom of religion a lot of Americans did not accept Catholic newcomers. From my research I have learned a lot about the catholic religion. It helped me to get to understand it a little more in the sense of now I know that they are part of the Christian religion...
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...MGMT 501 Paper Assignment Topic The paper should focus on a specific behavioral sciences issue related to the topics covered in the course. The course and textbook present an array of topics from which to choose. For example, topics that fall within the domain of motivation, leadership, group dynamics, organizational culture, and job satisfaction, to name a few, are important, broad areas that have been the subject of much research and discussion in the study of behavior in organizations. When working with such broad topic areas, it is important to narrow the focus of the paper to a specific model or approach. Topics such as the labor market for IT workers, changing demographics in the workforce, or the prevalence of downsizing in the U.S., while interesting, do not necessarily qualify as course-related organizational behavior topics. However, organizational commitment of downsized employees, or motivational strategies for the management of generation Xers, etc., may well be appropriate topics for this course paper. Students may work with a partner (or even a small interest group), and this partnership entails sharing a general topic area and several research references. However, each student should determine his or her own perspective on the topic. For example, one student in a pair can take one position on a paper, while the other adopts an opposing stance (i.e., point-counterpoint). Or one student can research one component of a larger topic, while the other...
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...the United Nations has declared that racial discrimination and ethnicity discrimination are one and the same. Significantly, the partition of races can be traced back in history as early societies have traditionally divided human populations based on their race. As such, through the centuries sociologists, anthropologist and psychologists have tried to determine the root cause of racism especially with the detrimental effects of discrimination as a result of racist beliefs. Thus, the effects of racism continues to be a prevailing problem. It has been the cause of wars and conflicts throughout human history however, the question remains whether racism is inherent to a person’s genetic makeup or whether it is a learned behavior. This paper will evaluate the different theories and studies on racism to explore whether racism is actually a learned behavior...
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...Research Paper “The Birthmark” focuses on our desire to conquer science to achieve perfection. Science is “a branch of knowledge or study dealing with a body of facts or truths systematically arranged and showing the operation of general laws.” (Dictionary.com) Perfection is “a quality, trait, or feature of the highest degree of excellence. In such a technologically advanced world, science must exist in order to achieve perfection. In psychology, self consciousness and the pursuit of happiness drives people to be “perfect”. Modern media plays a big role by setting high social standards that impose on modern day society. “Women’s magazines are full of articles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds, they’ll have it all—the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career.” (Beauty and Body1) The media exemplify celebrities as perfect role models, portraying to the public that everyone in society should look a certain way. “Usually we strive toward being perfect to compensate for a sense of inadequacy.” (Schwartz 1) “In our culture we move relentlessly toward greater emphasis on achievement and goal orientation.” (Schwartz 1) In society our appearance and achievement are judged by our peers and coworkers. The fear of being ostracized leads to self-consciousness and a sense of inadequacy creating a need for personal change. Through observation people have learned that in some cases changing their appearance help them in their pursuit...
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...Toole (Miller, 2014). Western media, through both the news and entertainment industry, also implement a framework of the serial killer as either a monster or a celebrity (Wiest, 2016). The mass media’s involvement is significant in that it sensationalizes stories pertaining to serial killers or serial murders (Fleming, 2007; Gekoski et al., 2012; Jenkins, 1994; Peelo et al., 2004; Wiest, 2016). Consequently, a homogenous message is being broadcasted to remind individuals of their collective fears – in reference to crime and deviance – and create an us versus them mentality towards those who go against the social norm. By doing so, this reinforces particular societal agendas including the cultural standards individuals are expected to abide by while also establishing which thoughts, values, and actions are deemed acceptable or not. Research Statement Using a Social Constructionist framework, this paper examines how the Western media shapes society’s modern construction and stereotyping of the serial killer. More specifically, how particular serial murder cases generate more coverage in comparison to others, the portrayal of the serial killer as a monster, and the culture of celebrity surrounding high-profile serial killers, all influence how society defines what a serial killer is. Methodology To provide context, the Social Constructionist perspective refutes the idea of an objective truth; alternatively the theory argues that all forms of reality or attributed meanings towards...
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...An Overview of Human Behavior Makenzie Koehn New York University Human Behavior refers to the collection of every physical action and visible emotion that is associated with individuals and also the entire human race. When looking at the life of Shawn Hunt, there are many factors displayed throughout the article on some of his experiences while growing up. We are able to recognize components such as resilience, race, spirituality, and mental health. This paper will focus on these different elements and how they were defined in Shawn’s life. We will also discuss how a bio-psycho social approach may help us better understand human behavior in the social environment. In Shawn’s life, we see a great deal of risk and resilience that displays a wonderful example of what each factor may look like. Shawn, who spends a great amount of his young life falling into his own stereotype, finds a way to break the chains of the standards that he was born into. At 11 years old, he was a messenger for the neighborhood drug dealers. Two years later, he had a .25 caliber pistol and headed down a very dark path. However, when Shawn was 17 years old, he turned his life around. He was the co-captain of his track team, an honor student and a youth leader at his church. Although, he had hit a high point in his life, Shawn began stumbling upon a reoccurring dream that spoke of the violent environment that he had been a part of for so long which made him realize he had to break away. Shawn’s...
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