...Dracunculiasis the disease commonly known as Guinea Worm is caused by the parasitic worm Dracunculus Medinensis . Guinea Worm disease only occurs in 10% of the world’s poorest populations who has no access to safe drinking water or health care (CDC) . This parasitic worm is the largest of parasites affecting the human’s tissues. The risk for Dracunculiasis varies by ones sex, age, profession, and ethnicity. These differences reflect from how people’s drinking water is obtained in these countries (Medscape). Drancunculiasis is commonly found now in Southern Sudan. About the same number of men and women are equally infected. Guinea Worm is common among the ages of 15–45 years old. People in this age group are known to be farmers, herders, and water fetchers for the household. Water fetchers often affected more due to the fact that they are more likely to drink contaminated water while away from home (CDC). People become infected with Guinea worm by drinking stationary water containing copepods tiny "water fleas" that carry Guinea worm. It takes about 2 weeks to mature inside the copepods before they can infect humans. Measuring 2-3 feet in length the adult female can carry about 3 million embryos within one person (World Health Organization). This parasite migrates through the victim's subcutaneous tissues causing severe pain especially when it occurs in the joints. The worm eventually emerges causing an intense pain, blisters and ulcers accompanied by fever, nausea and vomiting...
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...Dracunculiasis the disease commonly known as Guinea Worm is caused by the parasitic worm Dracunculus Medinensis . Guinea Worm disease only occurs in 10% of the world’s poorest populations who has no access to safe drinking water or health care. This parasitic worm is the largest of parasites affecting the human’s tissues. The risk for Dracunculiasis varies by ones sex, age, profession, and ethnicity. These differences reflect from how people’s drinking water is obtained in these countries. Drancunculiasis is commonly found now in Southern Sudan. About the same number of men and women are equally infected. Guinea Worm is common among the ages of 15–45 years old. People in this age group are known to be farmers, herders, and water fetchers for the household. Water fetchers often affected more due to the fact that they are more likely to drink contaminated water while away from home. People become infected with Guinea worm by drinking stationary water containing copepods tiny "water fleas" that carry Guinea worm. It takes about 2 weeks to mature inside the copepods before they can infect humans. Measuring 2-3 feet in length the adult female can carry about 3 million embryos within one person. This parasite migrates through the victim's subcutaneous tissues causing severe pain especially when it occurs in the joints. The worm eventually emerges causing an intense pain, blisters and ulcers accompanied by fever, nausea and vomiting. Studies show that biological factors can increase...
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...Plague pandemic. 5. What year (within the past 100 years) did the world experience a flu pandemic? In 1918, also known as the Spanish Flu. 6. What are 3 symptoms of chikungunya fever? 3 symptoms of chikungunya fever are fever, headache, and vomiting. 7. What bacterium causes Lyme’s disease? Borrelia burgdorferi is the bacterium that cuases Lyme’s disease. 8. What is ‘erythema migrans?’ Erythema migrans refers to the rash often seen in the early stages of Lyme disease. It’s an actual skin infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. It is also the only manifestation of Lymes disease that allows clinical diagnosis in the absence of laboratory confirmation. 9. Find a disease transmitted by rabbits and list 2 symptoms. Tularemia is a disease transmitted by rabbits. Symptoms are fever and diarrhea. 10. What are symptoms of guinea worm disease? Symptoms of guinea worm disease include fever, swelling and pain in the area that the worm is about to come out of. 11. How long can a guinea worm grow? A guinea worm can grow up to 2-3 feet in length....
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...Symptoms Symptoms start to emerge one year after the worm enters the body, days or hours before the worm starts to exit the body. Some symptoms include, fever nausea exhaustion swelling (in the area of the worm) rash (in the area of the worm) blister (in the area of the worm) pain (in the area of the worm) Method of Transmission The only way of contracting guinea worm is through drinking stagnant, unfiltered water, contaminated with guinea worm larvae and eggs. Treatment and Prevention There is no medical treatment for Guinea Worm as of today. The only way of getting rid of the worm is through a slow, painful process of wrapping the end of the worm around a stick and pulling it out slowly, centimeters at a time. This process can take...
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...Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease) Fact sheet N°359 October 2011 ________________________________________ Key facts • Dracunculiasis is a crippling parasitic disease on verge of eradication, with fewer than 1 800 cases reported in 2010. • It is transmitted exclusively when people who have little or no access to safe-drinking water supply swallow water contaminated with parasite-infected fleas. • Of the 20 countries that were endemic in the mid 1980s, only 4 (all on the African continent) are still reporting cases. • Most cases (97%) occur in newly independent South Sudan. • From the time infection occurs, it takes between 10-14 months for the cycle to complete until a mature worm emerges from the body. ________________________________________ Dracunculiasis (more commonly known as guinea-worm disease) is a crippling parasitic disease caused by Dracunculus medinensis, a long thread-like worm. It is transmitted exclusively when people drink water contaminated with parasite-infected water fleas. Dracunculiasis is rarely fatal but infected people become non-functional for months. It affects people in rural, deprived and isolated communities who depend mainly on open water sources such as ponds. Scope of the problem During the mid 1980s there were an estimated 3.5 million cases in 20 countries worldwide, 16 of which were in Africa. The number of reported cases declined throughout the 1990s to reach fewer than 10 000 cases in 2007. This number dropped further to...
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...Dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease): eradication without a drug or a vaccine, Gautam Biswas, Dieudonne P. Sankara, Junerlyn Agua-Agum and Alhousseine Maiga, June 2013. Introduction: Dracunculiasis is the first parasitic disease that has the potential to be eradicated without the need of drugs or vaccines. Since the parasite life cycle revolves around the host consuming the infected copepod in the water, the experimental designed was to focus on the introduction of water treatment educations into those tropical and subtropical areas. Design and Strategies: The eradication campaigns were also supported by many private and community partnership, and the strategy was to surveillance, provision of safe drinking water, vector control, health education and certification of eradication. In summary, every case should be monitored and recorded before, during and after the launch of the programs. Water sources should be well treated and maintained to control the only mode of transmission through copepods, and proper disposed of water education should be taught to the people. Lastly, the disease must be certified by WHO for every epidemic countries to mark the complete termination of Dracunculiasis. Result: The progress was recorded. In 1986, there were an estimated of 3.5 million cases of Dracunculiasis. After the launch of the studies, in 1989, a total of 883,640 cases were reported to WHO by 15 countries, and in 2004, those countries has been reduced to only 12 endemic countries...
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...Questions: Diseases of poverty and the 10/90 Gap. 1. What is the 10/90 gap? This is where 10 per cent of global health research is devoted to conditions that account for 90 per cent of the global disease burden. 2. What are neglected diseases according to this paper? Neglected diseases are diseases such as Leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis, Chagas’disease, leprosy, Guinea worm, onchocerciasis and schistosomiasis. 3. According to figure one how many people a year die from childhood disease and diarrheal diseases? Over 9,000 people 4. Can illnesses in third world countries be treated OR avoided? Refer to a specific example. Yes, illnesses can be treated and even prevented form occurring in the first place. The disease include, but are not limited to, tuberculosis, malaria and various childhood diseases. Tuberculosis can be treated/prevented by improving nutrition and can be treated by DOTS therapy. Malaria can aslo be treated or prevented by using insecticide, spraying homes with DDT and using mosquito nets and medicines. Childhood diseases are preventable by the child being vaccinated at a young age. 5. Give an example of a disease for which there is no treatment. Dengue Fever 6. Do non-communicable diseases not occur in low-income countries? No, these diseases have started to occur in low-income countries 7. Are there obese people in lower income countries? Give two specific pieces of evidence to support your answer. Yes. 50% of sub-saharan...
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...world for laboratory experiments (Dawkins, 2012). However, only a few countries assemble and publish the data about the use of animal in testing and research. For instance, about 90 percent of the animals are used in laboratories in the United States. This statistics excludes species, for example, mice and birds, fish, reptiles and invertebrates, thus these figures presented by the U.S, Department of Agriculture is considerably underestimated. Countries in Europe such as France, United Kingdom, and Germany are among those using animals highly in their research with over 12million animals used every year (Kadambi, 2014). There are numerous species of animals used in animal testing and research, but the most commonly used are; fish, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, birds, farm animals, cats, and dogs. Reasons for using animals in animal Testing Animals are utilized as a part of examination when there is a need to figure out what...
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...meet their demise while they are discarded at the mercy of fate. In the book Birthmother: Women who have relinquished babies for adoption, Merry Jones talks about stories of different opinions and views of mothers who are force to leave their babies behind. Because of the misery women are force to leave their infants for adaption with the only hope someone capable will be able to nurture and to provide them a better life. They are devoted to sacrifice the family happiness and the moments of joy spent together. Living under the poverty line is not something a mother will choose for her baby, therefore choosing to leave the infant in an asylum might enhances the opportunities of the baby to grow up and survive. Poverty creates illness and diseases and most of those people are residing in rural shacks, urban ghettos, or Indian reservations. The...
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...DEADLY DISEASES AMONG US (Science Education NIH Supplement) 1. What disease do you think is the greatest threat to students in this class? Why do you believe that? What disease do you think is the greatest threat to the world’s population? Why do you believe that? Influenza would have to be the greatest threat. This disease is very resilient and even with a vaccine; society is still susceptible to getting infected. The disease has been given a specific time of year where it can be acquired. I feel cancer is the world’s greatest threat to the population. The disease has no known cause and no clear cut cure. By not having an identifiable cause the disease is very dangerous because society have no idea as to what avoid or what to do to prevent it. Even with all the foundations in cancer research, scientist still know very little about cancer. 2. Take the quiz on some past and current causes of death and illness (scroll down for quiz). I do not expect you to know the answers to these questions, but make well-reasoned guesses based on what you do know. 3. The quiz emphasized the impact of infectious diseases on people’s health and well-being. Even though medical advances in the last century have resulted in far fewer deaths from infectious diseases than at any other time in history, those diseases are still the leading cause of death worldwide and the third leading cause of death in the United States. In this activity you will learn about some infectious diseases that cause...
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...Production Patterns in Less and More Developed Countries Worksheet • Select a less developed country and a more developed country with faculty approval. You must choose countries other than the United States and China. • Research the basic economic production patterns of the two countries you have selected and complete the chart below. • Answer the follow-up question at the end of the chart and cite your references for your country information. Less Developed Country More Developed Country Geography—natural resources, and so forth Some natural resources which can be found in this developing world are the following: gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, limestone Australia is known as one of the biggest net exporter of coal in the globe. Climate—arid, tropical, and so forth The climate of Ghana changes from wet to dry. The country is divided by the tropic of Capricorn, and it is proximate to the equator. However, Northern Australia experience tropical climate while Southern Australia experiences temperate one. Infrastructure—paved roads, airports, and so forth The country has 39, 409 roads. The first 11, 653 km was built in 1997. During that year, a 953-km railway network was also made. • The road network of Australia was able to include 817, 000 km. • An estimate of 657,000 was under the supervision of the local government. However, there are still state-controlled road in the country...
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...countries that are begging for help, but not enough. Our country provides more money to aid countries in their civil wars than it does to provide foreign aid for countries that desperately need help. Most aid is intended to be spent as investment projects in particular areas of need such as supplying medicine and water to Third World countries, and rebuilding new roads and homes for countries that are destroyed by natural disasters. The main problem, as most experts put it, is that “aid is substitutable and what the money is supposed to be used for is spent on something else” (Rieff 225). Warfare should be the last thing our government should be focusing on with disasters such as Haiti’s earthquake and with so many deaths from diseases caused by poverty. To help reduce poverty in the world, American Humanitarians and our government should focus more on countries with poverty problems and natural disasters and less on wars with other countries. Every morning our newspapers could report, “more than 20,000 people perished yesterday of extreme poverty” (New York Times). Up to 8,000 children dead of malaria, 5,000 mothers and fathers dead from tuberculosis, 7,500 young adults dead...
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...Initial Situation Esther Greenwood works as an intern at a women's magazine in New York City, but she feels an overwhelming sense of alienation and despair. As the novel opens, Esther has everything a young woman could want: a dreamy boyfriend; a string of sparkling academic successes; and a cushy job as an intern in a women's magazine, where she gets showered with free stuff and parties. While all of this makes Esther look good on paper, she's terribly unhappy. She doesn't feel personally fulfilled by what she does, and she feels as if no matter what she does or how brightly she shines, society is grooming her to become a docile housewife. Conflict Esther returns home to a Boston suburb for the summer, where her vexed relationship with her mother and her rejection from a summer writing program intensify her feelings of hopelessness. Back home, Esther feels her worst fears about herself have been confirmed. The rejection from the writing program kills her self-esteem, and she's stuck at home with her mom in the soul-crushing boredom of the suburbs for the rest of the summer. Climax Esther attempts suicide, but is saved in the nick of time. As the summer wears on, Esther's behavior grows more erratic as her despair deepens. A visit to a psychiatrist and electroshock therapy only accelerate her decline. After a few hesitant attempts at suicide, Esther decides to end it all by crawling into a hollow underneath her house and swallowing a bottle of sleeping pills. She's discovered...
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...a) What is meant by water scarcity? Water scarcity can be defined as the lack of sufficient available water resources, lack access to fresh water, potable water for drinking and sanitation to meet the demands of water usage within a region. Water scarcity occurs because the population is increasing around the world coupled with urbanization and industrialization so the demand for water is increasing and this will lead to serious consequences on the environment. Water scarcity divided into two types that are physical water scarcity and economic water scarcity. Physical (absolute) water scarcity occurs when there is not sufficient water to meet demand. This could be the result of dry or arid local conditions. Physical water scarcity occurs because of abundant source of water being overused and over managed. There is another equally challenging source of water scarcity: economic factors. Economic water scarcity is predominant lack of infrastructure investments are political and ethnic problems. Over 1.2 billion are basically living in areas of physical water scarcity. And almost 1.6 billion face economic water shortage. Water scarcity involves water stress, water shortage or deficits, and water crisis. Water stress is the difficulty of obtaining sources of fresh water. Water shortages caused by climate change for example droughts or root impairment, pollution, increased human demand and overuse of water. Water crisis is a situation where the available potable, unpolluted...
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...Carter was a man with a big heart but no luck. He overestimated his support in Congress and, by attacking them on a host of issues, ultimately failed to pass a wealth of legislation that he otherwise might have been successful on. His foreign policy was highly controversial at best, and outright hated at worst. The Iran Hostage Crisis put the nail in the coffin on his political career in the eyes of the people and the world. The media only escalated the downfall. Nevertheless, he managed to establish the Department of Energy and the Department of Education, and orchestrated a praised peace deal between the Egyptians and Israelis. Most of his accomplishments, however, can be found after he left office, such as basically eradicating the guinea worm disease from the face of the Earth forever. ...
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