...The three readings, respectively written by Janet Hutchison, Gail Radford, and Kenneth Jackson, chronologically describe the progression of the United States housing system, and the contexts surrounding it, through the first half of the 20th century. Hutchison argues that the efforts of Herbert Hoover, who was the 31st President of the United States and a former Secretary of Commerce, in reforming the U.S. housing policy are largely overlooked, partly because his name evokes the image of “Hoovervilles”; however, it can not be neglected that under his leadership, the suburban ideal, a whimsical notion that permeated nationwide during the interwar period, became an integral aspect of the American identity. This, in turn, helped the subsequent leaderships cement federal programs that further improved the American housing system....
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...The name of the book which I have selected for this book report is Martin Van Buren. The author of this book was Ted Widmer. Ted Widmer, or Edward L. Widmer, was born in 1963 and he was a former speechwriter for Bill Clinton who was the President of the United States from 1993-2001. Also, he wrote this book about this man, Martin Van buren, who was the first President born after the signing of the Declaration of Independence Also, Van Buren was the first president who was born without trace of Anglo-Saxon blood. He did not speak English, but rather Dutch. Throughout the book, Widmer tries to convince the reader that Van Buren was not that bad of a President for the United States of America. Everyone puts the blame on him for the Panic of 1837...
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...reputation of Harding administration Calvin Coolidge-republican lawyer, conduct during boston police strike of 1919 gave him reputation of a man of decisive action. Soon after elected as 29th president to succeed Harding in 1923, gained reputation as a small-government conservative, and also a man who said very little. Herbert Hoover-republican candidate who assumed the presidency in March 1929, promising Americans prosperity and attempted to deal with the Depression by trying to restore public faith in the community. “rugged individualism”-moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that promotes the exercise of one’s goals and desires and so independence and self-reliance. Republican Decade-The decade after WWI where there were 3 Republican presidents: Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover. Laissez-faire-the type of economy where government does not interfere because the businesses are supposed to know what’s best for the economy; businesses do their own thing and government does not interfere. Great Crash-book written by John Kenneth Galbraith depicting the economic lead up to the Wall Street Crash of 1929. Argues that the market crash was able to be seen by the rampant speculation in the stock market,...
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...“Was R.B. Bennett a good choice for the 11th Prime Minister of Canada?” To access the extent on how effective R.B. Bennett was on Canada between 1930 to 1935, this essay will help identify whether or not Bennett help shape Canada for good or for bad. After Bennett was inaugurated after former prime minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, he had a rough road ahead of him being elected at the start of The Great Depression. Only having done little to nothing after his first year in office and the public making jokes, Bennett had no choice but to revise President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s “New Deal” to help bring Canada out of the Depression. When the 1930’s election came rolling around, there were many assumptions that prime minster Mackenzie King would not be re-elected back into office. On the Conservative Party, the candidate that was running up against King was R.B. Bennett. When King made his speech in the House of Commons about how he would not give a “five-cent piece to any [Conservative] government,” R.B. Bennett was seen to be the next prime minster. When the Conservatives won 134 seats and the Liberals only won 90, the people of Canada saw a bright future for the country. Bennett’s first year in office was probably the height of his career. When he entered his office he had action on his mind and that’s exactly what Canada got. One of the very first things that R.B. Bennett did as prime minister was creating the Unemployment Relief Act. This Act provided each province with...
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...Andrew Jackson Essay Dr. Clark President Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson was a self-made man. Jackson was the only president to symbolize another great generation. Andrew Jackson has his own age known as he “Jacksonian age. No other president could stand for their own age. President Jackson had enhanced many presidential powers through his tough personality, and how he was able to take on many challenges. He has strengthened the Democracy by vetoing countless bills, and paid the national debt. Jackson had also taken a huge role on the Indian removal act. The challenges “old hickory” faced were not easy and he was the one to be believed the strongest president. Andrew Jackson had strengthened the democracy in a few ways. One way he had strengthened the democracy is that Jackson believed “the president was the servant of the people” (page 114-115).This meant that he believed the people being served was to give them what they really desired and to keep them satisfied with his presidency. At first, Jackson didn’t believe he was fit to be president. He knew his ability could control a group of fighting men for battle, but Jackson never believed in his ability that he could take on and control an entire country. Although, he strongly believed the people of the country had the right to choose, so he encouraged voting rights. In the book “when people called it, it was the leaders duty to act upon the service” (67). Jackson had took the idea of becoming president into further thought...
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...Mrs. Jackson: Algebra 1. I thought "oh no, she is the toughest teacher to have I'm already dreading this." Searching the crowded hallway for a familiar face, I spot my best friend, Bethany Kirk, I run up to her and ask to see her schedule. We have homeroom together, super pumped up we high-five each other and start walking to Mrs. Jackson's room together. Bethany asked," have you heard about what everyone says about Mrs. Jackson?" I laughed, "what, about...
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...branches will also compete with each other. Example of congress fighting with the president on raising the national debt ceiling. In addition the Judicial branch will sometimes get involved because they have the power to declare a law constitutional or unconstitutional which is the final say. In addion the Judicial Branch can also interpret laws made by the legislative Branch.The compromise that led to the ratification are Virginia Plan:being a large state, because virgina had a larger population.the viginians did not think it was fair for a state to have 3times less population to have a equal vote as a larger state such as virginia.They wanted more power then a 1 state 1 vote system, where each state has a equal vote. This plan proposed a bicameral House (refers to 2 houses), which both houses are to be apportioned (by population of the state.). The New Jersy Plan, however is quite the opposite, a smaller state was fine with a unicameral house, (1 state 1 vote system), Great compromise is a result of the Virginia plan and the New Jersey...
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...Nina Wohl Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences AHIS W4855 African American Artists in the 20th and 21st Centuries Spring 2012 Research Paper – African American Art & the Great Depression The Great Depression was the worst economic downturn of the twentieth century. The federal government took unprecedented action to provide relief, recovery and reform. No group was harder hit by the Great Depression than African Americans. The New Deal was slow to deal with the unique situation faced by African Americans. The struggles of the Great Depression laid the foundation for the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Art would play an important role in influencing the future. Despite its limitations, the New Deal, through the Works Progress Administration’s (WPA) Federal Arts Program (FAP), was responsible for reshaping the cultural agenda and “marked a significant turning point in the production of black culture.”1 The artists of the Great Depression built upon the work done during the Harlem Renaissance. New Deal art extended and affirmed art that translated “politics into cultural terms.”2 The FAP looked for a “new sense of authentic American culture – one that championed national values and traditions by celebrating regional and racial diversity.”3 As a result, many artists worked to place African Americans in the historical narrative of the United States while combating long held stereotypes. None were less important than Aaron Douglas...
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...Regency was successful. The members of The Regency were not considered to be personally corrupt, but they were able to gain control of party conventions, establish nominations and secure positions for their friends. Van Buren did not have any real loyalty towards causes or campaigns he was a political swindler who was sophisticated. He would be for a cause or campaign and then later change his mind, but ironically he was a successful politician. Over a 14-week period, he became a U.S. Senator and during that time he did guide the support for Andrew Jackson in the Northeast during the 1828 presidential campaign. He was then elected in 1829 to the seat of Governor in New York. In March, Van Buren resigned from his position of Governor to work under President Andrew Jackson as Secretary of State. Martin Van Buren was the tenth Secretary of State and was Jackson’s most trusted adviser. Jackson referred to him as, “a true man with no guile” (The Presidents of the United States of America,” White House.gov, 2006. Web. 30 April. 2016). In 1832, he was chosen as vice-president to Andrew Jackson. Martin Van Buren was against any form of policy which would effect the national governments powers not expressly written in the Constitution. Because of President Andrew Jackson, encouragement Martin Van Buren ran for president and had an easy victory and began his term in 1837 as the eighth President of the United States. To this day, he has been the only president who was born and raised in the...
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...The US Banking System: Origin, Development, and Regulation by Richard Sylla Currency note of one shilling, six pence, printed in the colony of New Jersey in 1776. (Gilder Lehrman Collection) Banks are among the oldest businesses in American history—the Bank of New York, for example, was founded in 1784, and as the recently renamed Bank of New York Mellon it had its 225th anniversary in 2009. The banking system is one of the oldest, largest, and most important of our industries. Most adult Americans deal with banks, often on a fairly regular basis. Nonetheless, banks and banking seem rather mysterious. What do banks do? Why have they for so long been an integral part of our economy? Why, as in the financial crisis that commenced in 2007, do banks every so often get into trouble and create serious problems for the country? Banks have two important economic functions. First, they operate a payments system, and a modern economy cannot function well without an efficient payments system. We make most of our payments by writing checks, swiping credit cards issued by banks or tied to them, and by paying bills via online banking. Most of the money stock of the country is in fact bank money; the rest of the currency is “legal tender” issued by the government, namely Federal Reserve Notes and coins. We have confidence in bank money because we can exchange it at the bank or an ATM for legal tender. Banks are obligated to hold reserves of legal tender to make these exchanges when we...
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...inhabited some fifteen to twenty thousand years prior. The glaciers were reduced because of global warming and this gave the nomadic hunters access to the core of the North American continent. Amazingly, this contributed to their food supply abundantly and this produced a swift population growth. More changes became evident in the environment which included a new food source such as fish, nuts and berries. These Native Americans, known as Paleo-Indians, adjusted and propelled forward. Because they were exposed to a new food source they discovered how to cultivate certain plants. At this stage, the Agriculture Revolution was born and this significantly altered the Native American culture. With a more stable food source these Indians became docile and established. This also helped in establishing stable villages and eventually led to some type of government which included elders and leaders. The Eastern Woodland Cultures did not practice agriculture first and foremost but supplemented their food chain with hunting and fishing. They had settled in the northern region along the Atlantic coast. The Algonquian-speaking Natives resided from North Carolina to Main and spoke many different dialects depending on the region they were associated with. Furthermore, most Native American hierarchy was established in their culture through kinship. Surprisingly, many of the Native Americans were not hostile and in many instances, their differences were settled in a civilized...
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...4/23/2014 Topic 8: The Roaring Twenties I. The Business Landscape & A Decade of Prosperity A. Consumer Impulse Vitalizes the Economy - Electricity > Courtesy of Thomas Alva Edison > Economy of the 1920s spurred by the introduction of affordable appliances to make domestic life less taxing > You name it: refrigerators, ranges, washers, vacuum cleaners, fans, razors, etc. > Almost a built in obsolescence – as newer & improved models came rolling off the lines – necessitating a new purchase every few years - Radios (principle means of media) - Automobiles > Cars introduced around turn of century (1900) > In the twenties – Henry Ford, using the technique of the mass assembly-line construction – introduces the Model-T – that was eminently affordable > New vehicle registrations will jump from 8 million in 1920 to 23 million in 1930` > Increased car production has ripple-effect in the economy - Supportive industries flourish – rubber, oil/gasoline, advertising, road construction, car parts, etc. B. New Ways to Make, Organize & Market Products - Make (Production) > Ford’s introduction of assembly line techniques to spur other industries to do same > Workers not expected to craft a product from start to finish but assigned to stations…performing repetitive and simpler tasks for entire shifts > Introduction of electric lighting...
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...regarded as his creation, and if he wanted to reform it, that was his privilege. Only if we regard him as a monarch in succession to scores of emperors can we imagine why the leadership of the CPP, trained to be loyal, went along with his piecemeal assault on and destruction of them. Mao also seems to have had in mind the idea that student youth could be mobilized to attack the evils in the establishment and purge China revisionism. It would be a form to manipulate mass movement, which his experience told him, was the engine of social change. (387) The Cultural Revolution, like the Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Great Leap Forward, turned out to be something he had not envisioned. Allowing for many variations, the purge rate among party officials was somewhere around 60 percent. It has been estimated that 400,000 people died as a result of maltreatment. (387) How the Cultural Revolution Unfolded From late 1965 to the summer of 1966, tensions rose between Mao’s group and the CCP establishment. To his support from the repoliticized PLA under Lin Biao Mao added, thorugh his wife Jiang Qing, a group of radical Shanghai intellectuals who later would form his Central Cultural Revolution Group. (389) In the second phase of the Cultural...
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...Study Guide 8 A weak Confederacy and the Constitution, 1776-1790 Themes/Constructs: The federal Constitution represented a moderately conservative reaction against the democratilizing effects of the Revolution and the Articles of Confederation. The American Revolution was not a radical transformation like the French or Russian revolutions, but it produced political innovations and some social change in the direction of greater equality and democracy. The American Revolution did not overturn the social order, but it did produce substantial changes in social customs, political institutions, and ideas about society and government. Among the changes were the separation of church and state in some places, the abolition of slavery in the North, written political constitutions, and a shift in political power from the eastern seaboard toward the frontier. The first weak government, the Articles of Confederation, was unable to exercise real authority, although it did successfully deal with the western lands issue. The Confederation’s weakness in handling foreign policy, commerce and the Shays Rebellion spurred the movement to alter the Articles. Instead of revising the Articles, the well-off delegates to the Constitutional Convention created a charter for a whole new government. In a series of compromises, the convention produced a plan that provided for a vigorous central government, a strong executive, the protection for property, while still upholding republican...
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...13 Bankers: The Wall Street Takeover and the Next Financial Meltdown 13 Bankers: The Wall Street Takeover and the Next Financial Meltdown, by Simon Johnson and James Kwak, is an analysis of the banking system in America and how they contributed to the financial crisis of 2008. These banks were facing the possibility of bankruptcy, and in turn the American government had an increasing need for these banks as the means to fund the necessary investments in the economy. 13 bankers, breaks down the American banking industry in how they have grown so big, so profitable, that they have become resistant to regulations. The banks grown to the enormous that the stability of the economy was dependent, giving they a political influence by pouring money into campaigns of congressional candidates and congressmen, assuring investment banks to maintain influence and position in the White House and the Treasury department. Theses “megabanks” had balance sheet assets that accounted for more than 60 percent of the country’s gross domestic product. In March of 2009, the presidents of thirteen of these “Megabanks” met at the White House with the President, Obama that gave a message, “everybody has to pitch in. We’re all in this together” –President Obama (13 Bankers, page 4) this message giving a clear indicator the thirteen bankers needed the government and in turn, the government needed these 13 bankers to maintain stability of the economy. Thomas Jefferson was strongly suspicious of the...
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