...fossil fuels, given the fact that the rate of temperature increase nearly doubled in the last 50 years (GlobalWarming, 2014, para. 3). Greenhouse gases allow sunlight to shine into the atmosphere freely. When the sunlight strikes the Earth’s surface, some of it reflects back to space as heat. The greenhouse gases absorbs this heat and traps it in the atmosphere keeping the Earth at a suitable temperature for humans to live in. There are various amounts of greenhouse gases but carbon dioxide, oxygen, methane and nitrous oxide seem to be more dominant (Hunt, 2011, online). However, when too much of the gas is released then too much of the heat gets trapped within the atmosphere. This leads to a warmer planet. Scientists have studied and proven how having a warmer planet leads to drastic climate changes which then leads to changes in weather. ______________________________________________________________________________ There are reasons why the public should be concerned with the drastic climate changes occurring around the world. Climate change is very similar to global...
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...WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE? Earthquakes are the vibrations caused by rocks breaking under stress. The underground surface along which the rock breaks and moves is called a fault plane. Earthquakes in Australia are usually caused by movements along faults as a result of compression in the Earth’s crust. The size or magnitude of earthquakes is determined by measuring the amplitude of the seismic waves recorded on a seismograph and the distance of the seismograph from the earthquake. These are put into a formula which converts them to a magnitude, which is a measure of the energy released by the earthquake. For every unit increase in magnitude, there is roughly a thirty-fold increase in the energy released. For instance, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake releases approximately 30 times more energy than a magnitude 5.0 earthquake, while a magnitude 7.0 earthquake releases approximately 900 times (30x30) more energy than a magnitude 5.0. A magnitude 8.6 earthquake releases energy equivalent to about 10 000 atomic bombs of the type developed in World War II. Fortunately, smaller earthquakes occur much more frequently than large ones and most cause little or no damage. Earthquake magnitude was traditionally measured on the Richter scale. It is often now calculated from seismic moment, which is proportional to the fault area multiplied by the average displacement on the fault. The focus of an earthquake is the point where it originated within the Earth. The earthquake epicentre is the point on...
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...Pressure on government to respond to concern over climate change has increased, how should governments be responding and what will this imply for economic growth? BY: NILUSHA DE SILVA (Msc – Australian National University) Specialized in Environmental Management & Development Introduction It is universally accepted that climate change is unavoidable; it can not be stopped but it is manageable and could be slowdown if carefully and wisely handled. However, the pressure on governments to act on the issue is immensely increasing; evidence is obvious and rather comprehensive. Globally as well as locally governments responded and responding in different ways, presents different arguments and logics, bears different perspectives and struggles to deal with the issue which concerns the effects on the economic growth. Kyoto Protocol is one of the global attempts that spell out the increasing concern of climate change. The urgency to act on climate change issues can not be ignored or denied. Past few decades have evidenced and strengthen its immense impact on every arena of sustainable issues of humanity (Climate trends 2007): ecological, economic, social /culture (‘sustainability’ is meeting the triple bottom line). Action should be taken by the governments to address this issue both on local and global levels. This paper identifies governments should focus on policy reforms in order to address climate change efficiently and effectively. These policy reforms should gear towards...
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...Technologies for Alternative Energy Climate Change Working Paper No. 7 Ainsley Jolley Climate Change Project Working Paper Series March 2006 Centre for Strategic Economic Studies Victoria University PO Box 14428 Melbourne VIC 8001 AUSTRALIA Telephone +613 9919 1340 Fax +613 9919 1350 Email: csesinfo@vu.edu.au Website: http://www.cfses.com Technologies for Alternative Energy 1. Introduction In Papers 5 and 6 technologies for the main sources of energy consumption were discussed. In Papers 7 and 8 the attention is focussed on technologies that impact on emissions from energy production. Table 1 provides data on the main sources of GHG emissions in the advanced economies for the year 2000. Table 1. Sources of GHG Emissions in the Advanced Economies, 2000 Source of emissions Electricity and heat production Petroleum refining Other energy production (coal and gas transformation) Fugitive emissions (coal, oil and gas) Total energy production All sources of emissions Note: (a) energy production as % of all sources of emissions. Source: CSES (2004). Tg CO2 -e 3831.2 420.7 324.6 441.5 5018.1 13175.3 % of total 76.3 8.4 6.5 8.8 38.1 (a) Papers 7 and 8 focus on emissions from the production of electricity and heat, which represent 76.3% of all emissions related to energy production. The other sources of emissions are not discussed in detail in this report. Coverage of the issues relating to these sources of emissions is given in CSES (2004). Incremental technological...
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...Earthquake From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the natural seismic phenomenon. For other uses, see Earthquake (disambiguation). [pic] An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor, temblor or seismic activity) is the result of a sudden release of energy in theEarth's crust that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes are measured with a seismometer; a device which also records is known as aseismograph. The moment magnitude (or the related and mostly obsolete Richter magnitude) of an earthquake is conventionally reported, with magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes being mostly imperceptible and magnitude 7 causing serious damage over large areas. Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli scale. At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and sometimes displacing the ground. When a large earthquakeepicenter is located offshore, the seabed sometimes suffers sufficient displacement to cause a tsunami. The shaking in earthquakes can also trigger landslides and occasionally volcanic activity. In its most generic sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event — whether a natural phenomenon or an event caused by humans — that generates seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological faults, but also by volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear experiments. An earthquake's point of initial rupture is called its focus orhypocenter. The term epicenter refers to the point at...
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...As a result, pollution and hence, declining water quality have proved to be one of the main threats to the Great Barrier Reef. More than 90% of the pollution comes from farm water run-off, having been polluted due to overgrazing, fertiliser and pesticide use. Harmful concentrations of these pesticides have been discovered up to 60km into the Great Barrier Reef with a third of the reef now exposed to herbicides. These chemicals wash into rivers and estuaries and flow into coral reefs, harming marine plants and the animals that feed on them. Sediment amounts have quadrupled over the past 150 years causing the resilience of the Great Barrier Reef to worsen, reducing its ability to absorb shocks and recover from...
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...Process II How meat is processed Processed meats are too dangerous for human consumption. Consumers should stop buying and eating all processed meat products for the rest of their lives. Processed meats include bacon, sausage, hot dogs, sandwich meat, packaged ham, pepperoni, salami and virtually all red meat used in frozen prepared meals. They are usually manufactured with a carcinogenic ingredient known as sodium nitrite. This is used as a color fixer by meat companies to turn packaged meats a bright red color so they look fresh. Unfortunately, sodium nitrite also results in the formation of cancer-causing nitrosamines in the human body. And this leads to a sharp increase in cancer risk for those who eat them. meat processing, preparation of meat for human consumption. Meat is the common term used to describe the edible portion of animal tissues and any processed or manufactured products prepared from these tissues. Meats are often classified by the type of animal from which they are taken. Red meat refers to the meat taken from mammals; white meat refers to the meat taken from fowl; seafood refers to the meat taken from fish and shellfish; and game refers to meat taken from animals that are not commonly domesticated. Meat that has been processed gets plenty of bad press linking it to cancer, heart disease and obesity. Y! Lifestyle investigates what meats fall into this category and why they’re so bad for you Process II How Advertising is conducted ...
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...Energy Class 1 Energy —— the ability to do work Work —— when a farce acts on an object through a distance Farce —— push or a pull | |Distance |Force |Energy |Power | |USA units |Foot(ft) |Pounds(lbs) |kWh |hp | |Metric |Meter(m) |Newton(N)kg*m/s2 |Joules |J/s(watt) | *kWh —— kilowatt hour hp —— horsepower 33,000 ft*lbs/min = 745 J/s = 746 W —— 1 hp Power —— the rate at which works is ? Mechanical —— relates to the movement of an objects or its position is gravity Sound —— relates to the repetitive compression and rarefaction of molecules in a substance Chemical —— relates to energy stored in the bonds between atoms in a molecule Electrical —— relates to the movement or flow of electrons Light —— relates to on electric change or magnetic field that produce electromagnetic waves Heat —— relates to the motion of particles, atoms or molecules in a substance Nuclear —— relates to the potential energy stored in bonds between particles in the nucleus of an atom Conservation of energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed, if only changer forms Class 2 10 Sources of Energy |Renewable |Non Renewable ...
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...many misconceptions about hypnotism and hypnotherapy. (Waterfield 2004) In order to understand modern hypnosis, it is necessary to look to the past in order to identify and trace its origins. Waterfield writes about examples from history thought to be an indication of early hypnosis in many different cultures, including ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, India and even Australia, but dismisses many of these as unrelated and unproven in many cases. Modern hypnosis in the Western Hemisphere is believed to have started with Franz Anton Mesmer. Born in Iznang, which is now part of Germany, in 1734, Mesmer studied philosophy, theology, music, maths and law before deciding on a medical career. He worked extensively in Vienna and as a result of influences by the mystic physician Paracelsus he began to develop ideas of an invisible fluid in the body which affected health. Initially, he used magnets to manipulate the fluid and ‘magnetise’ his patients. Healing sessions with individual patients progressed to group sessions and Mesmer came to believe the magnets were unnecessary and he moved away from their use to the use of his hands. Following reports that Mesmer cured a blind musician in 1977 and that she subsequently lost her ability to play the piano, Mesmer’s methods were frowned upon and it is thought he moved to Paris hoping for his ideas to be better received. Mesmer moved from using magnets to the construction of a...
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...1 provides a summary of the key issues. They are related to changes to the physical and cultural (being the way we live) environments, which in turn relate to the economic environment. What does sustainability mean? Every day we hear the term ‘sustainable’ or ‘sustainability’ being used to describe a large number of issues and news items. There is the ‘sustainable economy’, ‘sustainable agriculture’, ‘economically sustainable’, ‘the need to be sustainable’, ‘sustainable work practices’ and ‘sustainable water supply’ to name a few. The Brundtland Report, Our Common Future, is seen by many as one of the first global reports to address sustainable development. This report defined sustainable development as: “…development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Brundtland (1987) National strategy for ecologically sustainable development Sustainable Development is defined by the Australian Government’s National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development as: “…using, conserving and enhancing the community’s resources so that ecological processes, on which life depends, are maintained and the total quality of life, now and in the future, can be maintained.” Commonwealth of Australia (1992) The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) defines sustainable development in reference to the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development...
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...Insolation is the incoming energy from the sun in shortwave ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The distribution of insolation over the Earth’s surface is complicated; however there are patterns to be seen. Insolation has numerous aspects to it that each affects it in turn, which are divided into three categories of long term, short term and local. Quite possibly the most important aspect is latitude, a long term factor. The effect of latitude on the heat budget can be seen all over the globe, but the most striking examples are that the annual amount of insolation in the Arctic region, located 66° north of the equator, is 75 W/m2 however it is 275 W/m2 in Egypt, located 26° north of the equator. Latitude holds such a large effect on insolation because a variation in latitude means variations in the altitude of the sun. Altitude of the sun affects insolation because as the angle of the sun in the sky decreases and becomes more oblique, the land area to be heated up by the rays and the depth of atmosphere they must travel through increase. Therefore the amount of insolation lost through absorption, scattering and reflection increases. Areas in lower latitudes have higher temperatures than those in higher latitudes, because the sun is at a higher angle of incidence. One might expect the highest amount of insolation to be found on land directly below the equator, due to the sun’s highest angle of incidence being located here, meaning the equator receives more energy as solar radiation strikes...
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...opportunities and threats available to the organisation. To illustrate these forces, the hypothetical “Bamboo Company” (located in Sydney New South Wales) will be used. This organisation has prided itself on the use of recyclable and renewable resources where possible and as a result, has developed the Bambicycle. This entry level hybrid bicycle combines the best attributes of a road bike and a mountain bike in one as well as being constructed by bamboo which is one of the world’s fastest growing renewable resources. An analysis of the six macroeconomic influences with reference to the Bamboo Company are as follows: THE DEMOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT Demographics is the statistical study of the population as a whole, consisting of the following variables and how they will affect the bicycle marketing environment: – The changing age structure of population “Australia's population, like that of most developed countries, is ageing as a result of sustained low fertility and increasing life expectancy” (Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS], 2010a para 7). The proportion of the population aged 65 years and over is projected to increase from 13% in 2007 to between 23% and 25% in 2056, and 25% and 28% in 2101 (ABS, 2010c para 15) with the first wave of baby boomers exiting the workforce in 2011. . – The Changing Family There is an increasing trend of families who no longer have children within the home such as the...
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...NANOTECHNOLOGY Contents: • Aim • Introduction • Nanotechnology is a set of enabling technology • Interest in Nanotechnology • Development in last 10 years • Brief History • Diversity • Implications of Nanotechnology • Unifying themes • Examples • Molecular electronics • New technologies for clean and efficient energy generation • Nanoassembled products • Growth in world investment in nanotechnology • Social, ethical and safety concerns. • Health and environmental impacts • Social and ethical issues arising from Nanotechnology-based products. • Conclusions on the global nanotechnology scene. • Issues and challenges for the research sector • Future Scope Aims of Term Paper are to:- ✓ Define and explain Nanotechnology. ✓ Elaborate the various terms related to it. ✓ Describe various examples of Nanotechnology. ✓ Outline the Future scope of Nanotechnology. ✓ Explain the various applications of Nanotechnology in different fields. What is nanotechnology? Nanotechnology is engineering at the molecular (groups of atoms) level. It is the collective term for a range of technologies, techniques and processes that involve the manipulation of matter at the smallest scale (from 1 to 100 nm). The classical laws of physics and chemistry do not readily apply at this very small scale for two reasons. Firstly, the electronic properties of very small particles...
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...Food Web Diagram Brandy Meilhon SCI 230 Week 9 Create a diagram in which you illustrate the energy flow among organisms of a food chain in a particular ecosystem. Select an ecosystem, such as a temperate forest, desert biome, or the Everglades. For the ecosystem, I chose The Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Determine the interdependency of life in your ecosystem by examining its organisms. Include the following: List the organisms that can be found in your ecosystem. 1. Dolphin 2. Green Sea Turtle 3. Tiger Shark 4. Trevallies 5. Cardinal Fish 6. Manta Ray 7. Remora 8. Giant Triton 9. Crown of Thorns Starfish 10. Hard Coral 11. Zooxanthelleae 12. Sea Slugs 13. Sea Sponges 14. Spanish Dancer 15. Sea Grasses 16. Barracuda 17. Parrot Fish 18. Algae 19. Scorpion Fish 20. Goby 21. Saddled Butterfly Fish 22. Sea Anemones 23. Clownfish 24. Long Nosed Butterfly Fish 25. Barred Rabbit Fish 26. Branching Coral 27. Jellyfish 28. Coneshells 29. Bluestriped Fangblenny 30. Lizzard Fish 31. Phytoplankton 32. Coralline algae 33. Filamentous Turfalgae 34. Many species of seaweed 35. Bacteria (PBS evolution, 2003) * What is the benefit of this biodiversity? The Great Barrier Reef is well known for its vast biodiversity. Biodiversity is the variety of organisms that can be found to fulfill and the vital niches in an ecosystem. Each...
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...Trends in manufacturing to 2020 A foresighting discussion paper Future Manufacturing Industry Innovation Council i Date: 30 September 2011 For more information, or to comment on the paper, please contact: Manager Future Manufacturing Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research GPO Box 9839 Canberra ACT 2601 Phone: (02) 6213 6000 Facsimile: (02) 6213 7000 Email: Futuremanufacturing@innovation.gov.au ii Future Manufacturing Council discussion paper: Trends in manufacturing to 2020 Table of Contents Executive summary ....................................................................................................................................1 Background.................................................................................................................................................2 Future Manufacturing Council................................................................................................................2 Defining manufacturing...........................................................................................................................2 Profile of Australian manufacturing........................................................................................................4 Trends to 2020 ... and beyond: Issues and opportunities for Australian manufacturing...................12 Terms of trade driving value and volatility of the Australian dollar and structural changes in the economy – an upside...
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