...John Locke And His Writing Research Paper By: Brianna Lewis Honors English III Ms. Laroche March 28-2015 John Locke was an influential English philosopher during the enlightenment age. John Locke was born August 29 1632 in wrington Somerset England. His parents were puritan which lead him to grown up in a puritan household. His father was a country lawyer who also served in the military, which lead him to have the best of education. He attended Westminster school in London in 1647 then he attended Christ church in Oxford. He had trouble following the curriculum that was being taught to him which lead him to wonder off and stray into modern philosophy instead of the original curriculum he was suppose to learn. One of his friends that were taking medicine introduced him to it then he found his newfound passion. He begins living though just his mind. He was the very first person back then to identify them though consciousness. He then went to university of Oxford and study medicine and lectured on Greek, moral and rhetoric, which lead to a lot of his writing and his outlook on political disputes. Locke became friends with English statesman Anthony Cooper, Shaftesbury who was his adviser and physician. He became a very influential English philosopher with his writing topics being political philosophy, epistemology and also education. He founded the school of empiricism. Locke's Theory of empiricism emphasized the importance of experience...
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...answer to man’s fascination and wondering has come about through the roots in other discipline; disciplines such as philosophy, biology, and physiology. This led to a science that aims to describe and explain how human thinks, how human feel, and how human acts. Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The science of psychology has a history that goes back to ancient past. Back to the time of Plato and Aristotle but began to flourish and take shape in the 1600’s. For one to have an appreciation for this science he or she must consider the root and various perspectives of psychology. Modern psychology has come a long way since Rene Descartes and john Locke in the 16th century. The science of psychology began to flourish in the 1600’s with philosophers Descartes and Locke contributing significant theories on human behavior, impacting the rise of modern psychology. “As a science psychology evaluates competing ideas with careful observations and vigorous analysis” (Myers, 2007. p. 2). Rene Descartes was a French philosopher and mathematician who became influential and well-known in the field of psychology. He is the father of the mind-body interaction also known as the dualism theory. According to the dualism theory the mind and body are separate entities working together to build human experiences (Goodwin, 2008). While Descartes was working on his theory a British scientist Francis bacon was taking the science of psychology into a down-to-earth forum...
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...Leadership and Ethical decision making Citizens United vs. Federal Election Commission First of all this is an assignment what is very interesting again. As a foreigner this was a totally new topic for me. While reading and researching everything I learned about a lot of new stuff. I had to research everything since some of this stuff I never heard of or if I heard about them it was in another language. First I am going to start off my paper with telling the back ground behind Citizens United vs. Federal Election Commission. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, No. 08-205, 558 U.S. 310 (2010), is a U.S. constitutional law case dealing with the regulation of campaign spending by organizations. The United States Supreme Court held that the First Amendment prohibited the government from restricting independent political expenditures by a nonprofit corporation. The principles articulated by the Supreme Court in the case have also been extended to for-profit corporations, labor unions and other associations. In the case, the conservative lobbying group Citizens United wanted to air a film critical of Hillary Clinton and to advertise the film during television broadcasts in apparent violation of the 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (commonly known as the McCain–Feingold Act or "BCRA"). Section 203 of BCRA defined an "electioneering communication" as a broadcast, cable, or satellite communication that mentioned a candidate within 60 days of a general election or 30...
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...philosophy. Modern sciences are influenced by philosophy and are similar to philosophical questions. Understanding the way problems are addressed by philosophers is essential to understanding the science of psychology. Philosophers paved the way for modern psychology. Aristotle was a very famous philosopher and was called the father of psychology. Aristotle created idealism which believes that the mind and reasoning cannot exist without the body. Plato was also a philosopher. He taught theories based on the behaviors of humans like impulses and reasoning. Rene Descartes, another philosopher determined that psychology is an actual discipline. There are several philosophers that have influenced 19th Century philosophy. Edward Hitzig and John Locke are respected 19th Century philosophers, just to name a few. These philosophers have had an impact on 19th Century philosophy like no other. Their discoveries provide a different perspective on modern psychology. ("Understanding Learners", n.d.). Psychology as a Discipline According to "Understanding Learners" (n.d.), “Psychology as a discipline aims to describe behavior, explain behavior, predict behavior and control or modify some behavior”. (2). Rene Descartes was a French philosopher and mathematician. Descartes believed that ideas of the mind body and inherit knowledge. Descartes also believed that humans have a material body and a non-material spiritual mind. The human mind’s powers are supreme according to Descartes...
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...minds (in addition to our own), and the durability of causal relationships?” (Fletcher, 1996). The origins of modern psychology have their roots in philosophy harking back to the beginning with the Greeks, and on to the age of enlightenment and into the 19th century. In the 17th century philosophers like Rene Descartes took their observations about human behavior and tried to explain how the mind and body worked. Descartes created a distinction between mind and body. He posited that the mind was in the pineal gland and the body composed of “animal spirits” that coursed through the nervous system and caused movement. He proposed that some ideas are innate, and some are derived from the environment. (Goodwin, 2008) Unlike Descartes, John Locke thought the accumulation of experiences is what shaped the mind. He believed that humans are a born a “tabula rasa and it is their environment that shapes their behavior. “"Let us then...
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...Analyzing Goal Setting on Employee Motivation Assignment 5 Business Communication Johns Hopkins University Zhe Xu September 28, 2013 Executive Summary As an intern at Citibank for one month, I found that employees at Citibank do not focus on their work during their work time. In order to correct this low morale at Citibank, I proposed to use goal setting to improve employees’ behaviors. This research explores whether goal setting has a positive effect on employee motivation by borrowing models from predecessors’ research and social cognitive theory. An email-delivered descriptive survey addressed ten questions on how employees feel and whether they are motivated after they are assigned goals. My findings suggest that Citibank employees are highly motivated by goal setting. This study concludes that setting a high level and specific goal for Citibank employees is an effective way to motivate them. My recommendation for Citibank is to set exact goals and deadlines for each employee and develop a system of rewards and penalties. The employees who complete their goals efficiently and perfectly will earn a financial bonus and those who finish the goals after the deadline will receive a deduction of their salaries according to their performance. Background During the period when I was an intern at Citibank, I found that employees there were inefficient in their work. They were not punctual to work. Some came to work late, and some left work early. In addition, employees...
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...History of Psychology Danielle Shank PSY/310 February 18, 2013 Kelle Daniels History of Psychology To understand psychology today, one must understand the past of psychology. Rene’ Descartes believes a person’s mind to have an ability to reason and the body to be a machine. However, John Locke believed a person’s mind to be a clean slate and it is filled from experiences. These are two amazing theories about the mind and body. However, if all of the theories were to be discussed this would not be an essay; this would be a book series. Psychology dates back to the 1900’s but the true history goes back to the Greek philosophers or even farther to the 17th century B.C. with Psamtik 1 (King of Egypt). He believed the Egyptians were the oldest race and was curious about how. The foundation of psychology starts with philosophy and medicine than later becomes its own category of psychology. Psychology gets broken down into smaller parts. This paper will go over different philosophers of the past that brought the start of psychology and then a man who was in the 19th century of psychology. Philosophers That Began Psychology Hermann Ebbinghaus states in his textbook called “Psychology An Elementary textbook”, “Psychology has a long past, yet its real history is very short” (Ebbinghaus, 1908, p. 3). When this statement is broken...
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...A History of Modern Psychology University of Phoenix Flaur Conde Psy 310 The History of Psychology is something that is important to many psychologists everywhere. The history is celebrated by many centennial celebrations that started in 1979 (Goodwin, 2008, pg. 2). In the 1960’s when the history of psychology caught interest research of psychology’s past became prominent (Goodwin, 2008, pg. 2). History is important, because it lets people know where they came from, and what mistakes were made, and what discoveries were made, and how we can apply the past to future learning (Goodwin, 2008, pg. 3). One of the forerunners to the beginning philosophy to psychology is Rene Descartes. The Renaissance gave him a great stage to start with, because it had already started the changing of thought, made science more accepted, and made the approved teachings of the church mundane. Descartes wanted to search for a system where all information could be united (Goodwin, 2008, pg. 32). He believed that knowledge can be found through reasoning, and wouldn’t accept any truth unless it could not be doubted (Goodwin, 2008, pg. 32). In the Discourse on Method, Descartes explained his four rules for being able to reason so one could come up with the truth (Goodwin, 2008, pg. 33). The first one is what I stated previously is he would accept information as truth unless it was un-doubtable. The second rule he would take information and break it down to the first stages. The third rule is that...
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...Yeni Rojas Legal, Ethical and Social Values of Business Chapter 4 “Traditional Theories of Property and Profit” January 27, 2015 Abstract This paper examines chapter 4 Traditional Theories of Property and Profit. It starts off with the case study of New Protocol: How Drug’s Rebirth as Treatment for Cancer Fueled Price Rises, and the ethical challenge being faced by Celgne Corp. The company must choose between securing the financial wellbeing of their company or responding to the public’s need. We also examine the ethical positions of Milton Friedman and R. Edward Freeman in their respective essays found in Chapter 4 of the textbook as they are applied to the case study of " New Protocol: How Drug’s Rebirth as Treatment for Cancer Fueled Price Rises." Celgne Corp., in my opinion is a great example of a company that is facing the age-old question of who companies owe their loyalty to? The stakeholders who are investing in our company or the community we sell our products to and for whom the product is essentially developed for. While my belief is that in any business there is the need to make a profit and constantly grow not only the assets but also the stakeholder’s investment, one has to analyze up to what point it is fine to stop benefiting the company’s financial health and maintain the ethical responsibility to the public. It does not seem ethical to price gouge customers simply for the benefit of the stakeholders; especially when the cost to manufacture the...
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...Philosophers’ Matrix and Analysis Philosophers | Classroom Engagement | Teaching and Learning | Parent or Community Involvement | Student social or emotional support | Confucius(551-479 BCE) | Cultivation of character, through observation, study and reflective thought. | Rote learning and memorization. | Parents working with child in the home setting continuing the skills of rote learning at home. | Students work asa group, think as a group therefore gaining social and emotional support from one another. | John Locke(1632-1704) | Skills and knowledge are gained by examples and practicing. | Learning by example through motivation simulated by the teacher. Not learning just reading, writing and math, but also virtue and wisdom. | Parents and community leading by example through showing respect and values to all students. | Social and emotional support incorporated through parent and teacher involvement with students. | John Dewey(1859-1952) | Content must be presented in a way that allows the student to relate the information to prior experiences, thus deepening the connection with this new knowledge. | Focus on learning by implementing “hands-on” activities. Strongly emphasizes the teacher’s role as being a “facilitator or guide”. | Encouraged parents to be an active part in their children’s education. | Felt strongly that school itself was a social organization. | Maria Montessori(1870-1952) | Adapt the environment, to link the child through well-thought-out lessons...
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...When a social system and its productive relation are no longer compatible with its demand for productivity development, people are going to overthrow that system and introduce a new one suitable to current economic situation. In the case of Europe, when history rolled its wheel to 1500’s, such a situation applied. In this century, alongside the great discovery, the activities of Europeans was suddenly not confined to the continent and the neighboring waters, but reached great remote oceans and any corners of the world with their vessels and compasses. Trade and commerce grew exponentially as several small nations like Spain, Portugal, and later Holland became masters of the sea and the route of their vessels reached more and more land and the people on it. The great discovery changed, to a great extent, the people’s outlook on the world and the development of trade and commerce facilitated by this discovery increased substantially the riches of European countries and their people, propelling the economic development to such a point that the old social structure became compatible no more. On the other hand, the Renaissance emancipated people’s mind and facilitated the spread of ideas as freedom, equality and democracy which are essential to the founding of modern society. If the great discovery updated people’s physical outlook on the world, the Renaissance transformed their conception upon society and human beings. They became more conscious of the position they were in and...
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...This essay uses motivation theory to explain how Caribbean managers can enhance motivation of their employees. Motivation has three levels of analysis; the individual, group and organization. It’s not only the managers or the organization’s responsibility to motivate their employees, they themselves should be intrinsically motivated to perform well on the job; but one key aspect of being a manager, is being able to accomplish tasks and subsequently the organization’s goals through the efforts of other people. It is generally accepted and proven that motivation is essential in organization but what exactly is motivation? Motivation, specifically in relation to organizational goals, is“the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal”(Robbins and Judge: 204).To expound on this definition, it is a series of actions that causes an individual to persistently channel their efforts, with great devotion, in a direction that benefits the organization. For example, a motivated salesman will direct his efforts into meeting or surpassing his sales quota for the week or month, which in turn benefits the company. To understand motivational issues in a culturally diverse workforce, managers need to pay attention to both their people’s cultural values and the fundamental attitudes toward work (Hitt, Black and Porter 2012). Vega-Rosada (2006) and Punnett (2001, 2006) in their respective studies suggest that the colonial heritage...
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...The constitution can be defined as the supreme law of the United States of America,that establishes rules and distinctive powers of the federal Government. Keith Whittington on his report,How to read the constitution, precisely defines the constitution as “an act of communication, of instruction, from the supreme lawmaker within the American constitutional system to government officials. It conveys their intentions as to what power government officials would have, how that power would be organized, to what legitimate purposes that power could be used, and what limitations there would be on that power”(Whittington,2006). On looking at the constitution written by our founding fathers,it clearly begins by explaining why it was established and the underlying reason of protecting and upholding the fundamental values and interests of the American people.It starts by declaring “We the people of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America”(The constitution,1787). In article one, it talks of the representation of all the states and rotational election of senators(which I think is important in a democratic government) as well as the making of the necessary laws empowering the government in its execution of...
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...Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper PSY/360 July 21, 20xx xxxx Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Defining Cognitive Psychology Cognitive psychology focuses on the way human’s process information, looking at how we treat information that comes in to the person, better known as stimuli, and how this treatment leads to responses (McLeod, 2007). Cognitive psychologists study internal processes including perception, attention, language, memory and thinking. In ancient Greece, cognitive psychology created the need to understand how the mind works and what processes are involved in learning. Philosophers and early psychologists studied the mind, however the ancient Greeks knew little about the human mind and the mental process. Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology that emphasizes the study of mental processes (Galotti, 2014). These processes include thinking, language, problem solving, knowing, reasoning, judging and decision making. Cognitive psychology concluded that humans were not pushed or pulled by environmental factors. Cognitive psychology also studied how people view and understand the world. Subjects wanted to describe the patterns and irregularities during the operation of his or her mind. There were several key milestones in the development of cognitive psychology. Key Milestones in the Development of Cognitive Psychology Developmental milestones began in ancient Greek times have set a precedent in today’s views of cognitive psychology...
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...Federalist Papers * John Locke * Authoritarianism * The Two Treatises Of Government * The Social Contract Theory * Thomas Hobbes * Nominalism * Materialism * Method Reading Summary or Overview The Federalist Papers were written and published in New York state newspapers between 1787 and 1788. Its purpose was to convince New Yorkers to ratify the proposed Constitution. The authors of The Federalist or The Federalist Papers were among the "founding fathers" of the United States of America. This term is used to refer to the men whose actions were responsible for creating the United States of America and the United States Constitution. View this introductory presentation on the authors of The Federalist Papers. Then, read the internet resources on The Federalist Papers. Internet Resources KAPLAN LIBRARY The "KU Online Library" link is on the left Navigation area of your course Home Page once you log in. You will be able to locate the articles below by placing the title of the article into the search engine. For any Supreme Court cases or other legal cases, once you go into the Kaplan Library, on the right side of the page you will see “databases.” Once in “databases” scroll down to “Westlaw Campus Research” and there you will be able to access the full text of court opinions, statutes, and regulations from state and federal governments. The Federalist Papers Jay, J., Goldman, L., Hamilton, A., & Madison, J. (2008). The Federalist Papers. Oxford:...
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