...The College of Saint Rose Writing Center, 2011 Reading Comprehension When writing a summary, research paper, or an analysis, your process begins with reading. You cannot write a solid paper unless you feel confident in your comprehension of the assigned text. Since every author has his/her own style of writing, it can be difficult to decipher the meaning behind his/her words. These are some tips to help with reading comprehension: 1. Read the article paragraph by paragraph or the book page by page. It helps to read the text more than once (sometimes more than twice) in order to really cement the ideas in your head. 2. Read aloud to yourself. You may feel silly, but this will force you to read every word. When reading silently we often skim and miss important words. 3. Highlight or underline the topic sentences of the paragraphs. A topic sentence is usually located at the beginning of a paragraph. It provides the reader with a general statement regarding the main point or general overview of that paragraph. 4. Write down the main point the author is trying to make for each paragraph. It helps if you write it directly on the text so you can go back and look at your notes when referencing specific information. 5. Circle any vocabulary words you don’t know. Try and see if you can understand the meaning of the word within its context. If not, look it up right away! Choose the definition that fits the context of the word. 6. Locate any interesting facts and quotations and write...
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...Relationship between Critical Thinking and Ethics Eva Garver GEN/201 June 23, 2016 Gloria Martin RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRITICAL THINKING AND ETHICS Ethics is a standard by which we as individuals or as a society measure and decide what is wrong or right. Ethics are beneficial and necessary to professional and societal success. The critical thinking process is vital in making ethical and moral decisions, as it is the process by which we assess situations and solve problems and make decisions based on facts and reasoned logic, rather than by emotion or bias, which affects our professional lives and our society as a whole. What is Critical Thinking? (Critical thinking is the art of analyzing and evaluating thinking with a view to improving it. Critical thinking is, self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. It requires rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. It entails effective communication and problem solving abilities and a commitment to overcoming our native egocentrism and sociocentrism.) (Paul and Elder, 2014). Critical thinking is the careful and thoughtful evaluation of information (while ignoring personal bias) that allows people to reach a conclusion, which leads to beliefs, which lead to considered and thoughtful actions. Six Steps of Critical Thinking? There are six levels/steps of critical thinking. The first level is REMEMBERING: This level of thinking only asks if...
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...Critical Thinking Andrea Butler GEN200 02/10/2015 Lisa Delman Critical Thinking According to Halpern, critical thinking is “thinking that is purposeful, reasoned, goal oriented. (Moore, 2010) Critical thinking brings together analyzed different information to help makes decisions. Usually, a well analyzed situation leads to better decision which is why critical thinking is important. Steps in Critical Thinking Critical Thinking has six unique levels which include 1) Remembering, 2) Understanding, 3) Applying, 4) Analyzing, 5) Evaluating, and 6) Creating. (Ellis & Toft, 2015). All the levels of thinking can be used independently for simple decisions that require lower levels of thinking. For example at levels one through three where one may be looking for few decision options. (Ellis & Toft, 2015). However, for critical thinking, all the levels need to work together because you need to discover or create complex solutions. Explanation of How Emotion Influence Your Decision Making When making decision, you need be aware and check for attitude, logic and evidence. (Ellis & Toft, 2015). These three are strategies used with all level of thinking. But an emotion can significantly affect them. Because when emotion is introduced rational thinking is sometimes pushed aside. For example, when you and your mate are angry at each other you may say or do things that normally you would not do. Then when everyone has calmed down and started to think about what he...
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...Critical Thinking William Higginbottom HUM/115 June 1, 2015 Heather Karberg Critical Thinking What is critical thinking? My favorite definition of critical thinking is, “the active and reflective mental process of questioning and evaluating information to draw sound conclusions” (Critical Thinking: It's How - Not What You Think, 2013). There are three categories of critical thinking. There’s beginning, average, and advanced critical thinkers. Beginner critical thinkers tend be lazy thinkers, they are not interested in changing or challenging the way they currently think, and are comfortable with not challenging the sources of their information, of those being, the people closets to them. Average critical thinkers are aware that there are biases that affect information and they are open to challenging their beliefs and thoughts. Average critical thinkers are sometimes aware that their efforts at questioning and evaluating information, are what inhibits them from being advanced critical thinkers. It’s the average critical thinker’s inconsistent efforts that prevent them from consistently drawing sound conclusions. Advanced critical thinkers are constantly aware of the biases in information and use this information to draw more sound conclusions. Advanced critical thinkers question the source and validity of all information and attempt to purge their own biases to increase their ability to make better decisions. I would say that based on the levels of critical...
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...The Relationship between Critical Thinking and Ethics Amber Williamson GEN 201 November 23, 2015 Tina Bernard The Relationship between Critical Thinking and Ethics Critical thinking and ethics play a significant role within each other's decision process. They both use each other’s steps and processes to obtain a desired result. Throughout this paper, you will understand what critical thinking and ethics are and the relationship between the two. Critical Thinking Critical thinking is the ability to think rationally about a subject or material. Your brain uses a process to dissect the information into sections, then reconstruct the pieces into new connections. Using critical thinking allows a person to come up with something different based on the original idea that could open new relationships with other ideas. ‘Critical thinking is made up of a process that includes six levels’ (Ellis, 2011, para. page 2). The first level is remembering. In this level, a person focuses on whether or not they can recall important facts about the idea. Examples may be key terms or certain events. The second level is understanding. The big question here is, do I know what the idea is? Can I summarize and put the idea into my words? Level three is applying. In this level, a person needs to be able to take the idea and use it to get the results that they are looking for. On level four it is time to analyze the idea. By doing this, the idea will be broken or...
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...The Relationship between Critical Thinking and Ethics Kristin Woods Foundations for University Success / GEN/201 April 18, 2016 Samantha Ward The Relationship between Critical Thinking and Ethics Critical thinking is more than just hard thinking. The ability to ask questions that produce a deeper level of thinking is part of the critical thinking processes. There are many steps to achieve true critical thinking skills. Some many not think ethics and critical thinking are related; but to explain the relationship between the two a definition of critical thinking, a description of the critical thinking steps, an explanation and benefits of how to use critical thinking to solve problems, and an explanation of how ethics apply in the professional and societal world is needed. The definition of critical thinking is the ability to make logical judgments that are well thought out. Sounds simple enough but that process can be hard. According to Ellis (2015) there are 6 levels of critical thinking. The first level is remembering: being able to recall terms, facts or events is produced at this level. The second level is understanding; at this level facts can be explained to others. Third level is applying; the ability to produce results from facts occurs at this level. The forth level is analyzing, fifth level is evaluating; at these levels facts can be divided into parts and rated. Once that information is rated an explanation on why that rating was given can...
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...is focused principally on the implications of reading skills to the critical thinking of third year high school students The profile of the students on sex, English rating and English language preference were considered. It assessed the students’ reading skills on word recognition through context clues, noting details, getting the main idea, inferring, making generalizations and predicting outcomes. It also evaluated the students’ critical thinking skills, particularly on knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation. The impact of reading skills to the critical thinking of the students was also analyzed and examined. The results showed that in general, the reading skills of the students are low, with making generalizations as their lowest skill and noting details as their dominant aspect. The students’ critical thinking skills are also low with synthesis as their lowest level and knowledge as their dominant aspect. Male students have lower critical thinking level compared to the females. The females are significantly higher in knowledge level. Students with very good/good English ratings have higher critical thinking level compared to those with fair and poor English ratings. Academic performance in English affects their critical thinking ability. Students who prefer the use of the English language are also higher in their critical thinking levels compared to those who did not prefer to use it. Preference of the English...
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...The beginning critical thinker broken into four different levels. Levels 1 and 2 are individuals that are not aware that there are different levels of thinking. They cannot comprehend that there is a lot more to everyday thinking than they are aware of. Level 3 thinkers know that there are different steps in thinking but choose not to question their methods and just do the things they know. Level 4 thinkers acknowledge that critical thinking is important but are reluctant to the change the way they see and do things. They tend to follow the norms of family and friends without questioning their motives. The average critical thinker broken into two levels. Level 5 thinkers evaluate information to make sure it is correct but on occasions. They want to be critical thinkers, but they don’t have the motivation to do so all the time. The Level 6 thinkers are more careful when coming to an opinion make sure to take into account all parties information. They try to remain unbiased but cannot always stop the outside world’s impact of their thoughts. The last level of critical thinking is the Advanced Critical thinker. The Advanced Critical thinker is broken down into two levels as well. The Level 7 thinkers apply critical thinking skills every day and make fewer mistakes when making decisions. These thinkers question nearly everything and can often catch unsupported information given by other people. Level 8 thinker is a little harder to communicate with. They tend to believe anything...
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...Critical and Creative Thinking Critical and creative thinking involves logically reasoning that coincides with creating something new or original (Teacher Tap, e.d.). As a society, each person uses critical and creative thinking when making decision pertaining to their well-being or geared toward others. Making a decision involves the process of using comparison, analogies, past experiences, and brainstorming. Rather a individual is finding a resolution to a issue, making a purchase, or deciding on personal endeavors, critical and creative thinking allows to find a better process to reach the best outcome. Using Critical and Creative Thinking Within my last employment, there was a sexual harassment case involving an employee I supervised and the Employee Relation Officer. My involvement in this case was not only being her supervisor, I was witness and included as one of the complainants. I had to manage three different roles within this investigation and maintain the productivity of the working environment, in addition managing the staff. There were two investigations conducted at the same time a sexual harassment case and a workplace harassment complaint. The second case was filed against the director of the department by the same employee under my management. The dual investigations took over two years, in the process this cause a hardship on the employees in the department, low morale and attendance, and less productivity. I had to make a decision on how to...
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...A Comparison of Critical Thinking Skills between Associate, Baccalaureate, and RN-to-BSN Nurses A Comparison of Critical Thinking Skills between Associate, Baccalaureate, and RN-to-BSN Nurses There are many differences in the competencies between associate and baccalaureate level nurses. Associate level nursing programs tend to concentrate on the more technical aspects of nursing which allows students once they graduate to provide appropriate care to patients and families, especially during times of illness. They may practice on a more restricted level, making their nursing skills limited to more direct patient care in nursing homes and hospitals. Baccalaureate nursing programs improve on these skills by teaching more critical thinking to allow a more thorough approach to caring for their patients. RN-to-BSN programs allow ADN nurses that have grown confident in their hands-on skills and want to gain more critical thinking skills the ability to build on their education and "prepare...for a broader scope of practice" (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2014). The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) notes multiple research studies linking fewer medication errors, lower mortality rates and more positive patient outcomes to nursing education received at the baccalaureate level (2014). BSN programs also help teach the leadership needed for nursing supervision and prepare their nurses for graduate studies. Critical thinking competency is key...
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...Associate Level Material Appendix A Stages of Critical Thinking Complete the matrix by identifying the six stages of critical thinking, describing how to move from each stage to the next, and listing obstacles you may face as you move to the next stage of critical thinking. Stages of Critical Thinking | How to Move to the Next Stage | Obstacles to Moving to the Next Stage | EXAMPLE:The Unreflective Thinker | Examine my thinking to identify problems that affect my thinking. | Deceiving myself about the effectiveness of my thinking | The Challenged Thinker | Take active steps that aid in taking command of my thinking. Determine if I am willing to commit myself to developing my critical thinking abilities. Discover my own prejudices and misconceptions. Determine if I am willing to resist the egocentric defensiveness and rationalization that I will most likely feel when I am faced with admitting my deficiencies. | Putting up the defensive when it comes to my egocentricity. Possessing arrogance about my level of intellect. Utilizing rationalization. Deceiving myself in a way that makes me want to avoid facing the challenge at this stage. Obstacles are unstable in this stage. | The Beginning Thinker | Do things on a day-to-day basis that allow me to take command of my thinking. Recognize mistakes in my thinking and commit myself to finding them. Identify the egocentricity in myself and others. Understand that the quality of life depends on the quality of thinking. Realize...
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...Critical Thinking Alex Mowry Everyday decisions are made consciously and subconsciously by people. The decisions could be subtle, or big life changing ones. Making a clear reasoned judgment is critical thinking and should be used for you decisions made (Beyer, 1985). Critical thinking isn’t as simple of a process as it sounds. There is a six step process that can be used for critical thinking to make a more efficient decision. Many things can affect the critical thinking process such as emotions and being influenced by others. Mastering the critical thinking process is needed and suggested. Critical thinking is used every day and could be applied to more than one area of a person’s life. There is a 6 step critical thinking process that was made by Benjamin Bloom that can be used to clearly evaluate your thinking. The six steps used are remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating. Level one is remembering. Remembering is being able to recall and recognize key points. This will allow you to go back and start the process by recalling it. Level two is understanding. Understanding is being able to explain what you are remembering. Level three is applying. Applying is being able to complete a task from the knowledge you have obtained from the previous steps. Level four is analyzing. Analyzing is taking a step further from understanding by expanding what you know and breaking it down into parts. Level five is evaluating. Evaluating may...
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...Row # | Definition | Citation | 1 | Critical thinking applies concepts of logic and reasoning to problem-solving activities to produce more accurate and defensible investigation findings. | Philley, J. (2005). Critical thinking concepts. Professional Safety, 50(3), 26-32. Retrieved fromhttp://search.proquest.com/docview/200379557?accountid=35812 | 2 | The conception of critical thinking, wherein it fundamentally consists in acquiring, developing, and exercising the ability to grasp inferential connections holding between statements. | Mulnix, J. W. (2012). Thinking critically about critical thinking. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 44(5), 464-479. | 3 | "The ideal critical thinker is habitually inquisitive, well-informed, trustful of reason, open-minded, flexible, fair minded in evaluation, honest in facing personal biases, prudent in making judgments, willing to reconsider, clear about issues, orderly in complex matters, diligent in seeking relevant information, reasonable in the selection of criteria, focused in inquiry, and persistent in seeking results which are as precise as the subject and the circumstances of inquiry permit." Bloom's taxonomy (1956) of levels of thinking has been revised by Anderson and Krathwohl (2001). The revised taxonomy still has six levels but has made "create" the highest level and they have renamed and combined other levels to give the following: (i) Knowledge - Remember; (ii) Understand - Describe, Explain; (iii) Apply; (iv) Analyse;...
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...are properly recorded. D) detailed segment reports about departments, products, and customers. Answer: D AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Measurement LO: 1 Level: Easy 2. The plans of management are often expressed formally in: A) financial statements. B) performance reports. C) budgets. D) ledgers. Answer: C AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Resource Management AICPA FN: Measurement LO: 1 Level: Easy 3. The phase of accounting concerned with providing information to managers for use in planning and controlling operations and in decision making is called: A) throughput time. B) managerial accounting. C) financial accounting. D) controlling. Answer: B AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Resource Management AICPA FN: Measurement LO: 1 Level: Easy 4. The cost of the cushions that are used to manufacture sofas is best described as a: A) manufacturing overhead cost. B) period cost. C) variable cost. D) conversion cost. Ans: C AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting LO: 1,2,5 Level: Medium 5. A security guard's wages at a factory would be an example of: | |Indirect labor |Fixed manufacturing overhead ...
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...between Critical thinking and Ethics Relationship between Critical Thinking and Ethics Critical thinking and Ethics can be evaluated and implemented in many different ways depending from persons view to the others. Although these are two different subjects, in many practices they both go hand in hand with one another. Critical thinking is “the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment” (Oxford Dictionary), While Ethics is “an area of study that deals with ideas about what is good and bad behavior : a branch of philosophy dealing with what is morally right or wrong.” (Marriam-Webster Dictionary). As we can see by the above definitions that by utilizing critical thinking and determining right from wrong, one can achieve ethical success. Six Levels of the Critical Thinking Process and Usage The Critical Thinking process can be broken down into six different levels. Level 1: Remembering, Can I recall the key terms, facts, or events? Level 2: Understanding, Can I explain this idea in my own words? Level 3: Applying, Can I use this idea to produce and desired result? Level 4: Analyzing, Can I divide this idea into parts, groups, or steps? Level 5: Evaluating, Can I rate the truth, usefulness, or quality of this idea—and give reasons for my rating? Level 6: Creating, Can I invent something new based on this idea? (SIX PATHS to more powerful THINKING). One huge benefit that one can gain by critical thinking is by...
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