...Management accounting in Nepalese perspective The history of account keeping in Nepal by the government is very old. Mandev, the first king of Nepal in Lichhavi period, had circulated the first coin called "Mananka" during the period 464-491 A.D. similarly, King Mahendra Malla had circulated the coin named "Mahendra Malla" in the Malla period. This seems to be the main step to record the nation transactions in a proper way and manner. It is said that a small number of financial transaction used to be performed in Lichhavi and Malla periods. It proves there was a certain form of accounting to record transactions. written records of accounting have been traced back to the 18th centuries in Nepal. After the unification of the nation in 1768(1825 B.S.) by the King Prithivi Narayan Shah the great, the chief of the district level solders used to keep the accounts of the government offices. In 1814 a book called "Laldhadda" was created for recording matters about land management and another book called "Mothdhadda" was also used for keeping accounts. these two records were important steps in the history of accounting in Nepal. Again, after a long gap in 1868 an office called "kitab Khana" was established for recording the salaries paid to government personnel, which is still in use. In the process of development of accounting in 1879 Kharidar Gunawanta, a senior official of that time propounded "Syaha Sresta Pranali" which was an advanced form of accounting and was up to fiscal year...
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...Introduction Managerial accounting is concerned with providing information to managers- that is, to those who are inside an organization and who direct and control its operations. Managerial accounting can be contrasted with financial accounting, which is concerned with providing information to stockholders, creditors and others who are outside an organization (Garrison and Noreen, 1999). Managerial accounting information includes: * Information on the costs of an organization’s products and services. For Example, managers can use product costs to guide the setting of selling prices. In addition, these product costs are used for inventory valuation and income determination (Horngren and Foster, pp. 2). * Budgets: A budget is a quantitative expression of a plan. * Performance reports: These reports often consist of comparisons of budgets with actual results. The deviations of actual results from budget are called variances (Horngren and Foster, pp. 3) * Other information which assist managers in their planning and control activities. Examples are information on revenues of an organization’s products and services, sales back logs, unit quantities and demands on capacity resources (Kaplan and Atkinson, pp. 1). Managerial Accounting Practices around the World Traditional managerial accounting systems are mainly designed to measure the efficiency of internal processes. In the 1980’s, traditional managerial accounting practitioners were heavily criticized...
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...CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN NEPALESE FINANCIAL SECTOR: DOES POLICY MATTER? Submitted To Research Committee Research and Consulting Service Department Nepal Administrative Staff College Submitted By Basanta Raj Sigdel Santosh Koirala June, 2015 Copyright: Nepal Administrative Staff College Recommended Citation Sigdel, B.R. & Koirala, S. (2015). Corporate governance in Nepalese financial sector: Does policy matter? Lalitpur, Nepal: Nepal Administrative Staff College. Declaimer: This study is funded by Nepal Administrative Staff College. The opinion expressed in this research report do not represent official position of Nepal Administrative Staff College and are those of the researchers. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research paper has been materialized in this form with the help of many individuals and institutions. First, the team extends profound gratitude to the respected respondents of banks and finance companies for their valuable and generous support without which the project would not have been successful. Similarly, we are thankful to the Research Committee of NASC and Research and Consulting Services Department for their continuous guidance, facilitation and support in this endeavor. ABSTRACT The study examines insiders' perspectives on the determinants of corporate governance in the Nepalese financial sector. For this, we use a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire developed by CLSA, modified and contextualized to Nepalese setting. The study reveals...
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...Mini Research On Size of organization and its influence on adopting centralization in Nepalese Banks Submitted to: Prof. Subas KC Course Instructor, Organizational Theory Submitted by: Dipendra Karki (Roll No. 11605) Ganesh Bhattarai (Roll No. 11606) Pramila Ojha (Roll No. 11611) MPhil - II Term, Fall 2011, KUSOM June, 2012 Kathmandu, Nepal 1. Introduction Being one of the integral parts of the economic activities, banking sector plays vital role for the economic development of the country. American Institution of banking defines bank as “Corporation which accepts demand deposits subject to cheque’s and makes short term loans to business enterprises, regardless of the scope of its other services.” It deals in the process of channelizing the available resources in the needed sector. It is the intermediary between the deficit and surplus of financial resources. It pools the funds scattered in the economy and mobilizes them to the productive sector. According to Nigam (1967), the increase in capital has always been a sort of prime mover in the process of material growth and the rate of capital formation has been the principal variable in setting the overall pace of economic development. But these institutions inherent a large amount of risk, which cannot be, denied either. If a bank behaves irresponsibly, the costs borne by the economy are enormous...
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...* Prospects and Challenges of Nepalese Debt market 1. Introduction Debt market may be short-term, intermediate and long-term. Short-term and intermediate-term financing sources include trade credit, bank loan, finance company loan, commercial paper; inventory financing includes the issuance of mortgages and bonds (Shim J.K; 1989:138). The importance of the debt market in an emerging economy cannot be overemphasized. In the presence of uncertainty and prudential norms, banks often decline to lend for long term projects, and borrowing from overseas markets may be constrained by country risk perceptions and restrictions on capital mobility. In such cases, the market for debt securities may emerge as the mainstay of the credit and capital markets. (Sumon Kumar Bhaumik&SuchismitaBose, 2001) Bond market link having long-term financing needs with investors willing to place funds in long-term interest bearing securities (UN, TW; 2001). When a corporation (or government) wishes toborrow money from the public on a long term basis, itusually does so by issuing or selling debt securities. Theyare generally called bonds (Ross, 1998).A corporate bond is security representing a long-term promise to pay a certain sum of money at certain time over the course of the loan with fixed rate of interest payable to holder of the bond. And the debenture is the bond backed or secured only by the general credit of corporation. (Hampton, 1998) 2. Empirical Studies Though the debt market, debenture...
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...Effect Of Dividends On Stock Prices 1 EFFECT OF DIVIDENDS ON STOCK PRICES Effect of Dividends on Stock Prices– A Case of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry of Pakistan Kanwal Iqbal Khan University of Central Punjab, Lahore Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Business Management (ISBN: 978-969-9368-06-6) Effect Of Dividends On Stock Prices 2 Abstract In Pakistan corporate sector is adversely facing competition due to economic downturn in the world and making efforts to survive in a competitive and uncertain economic environment. This study will help to improve dividend decisions of corporate sector through proper implementation of their dividend policies. This paper is an attempt to explain the effect of dividend announcements on stock prices of chemical and pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan. A sample of twenty five companies listed at KSE-100 Index is taken from the period of 2001to 2010. Results of this study is based on Fixed and Random Effect Model which is applied on Panel data to explain the relationship between dividends and stock prices after controlling the variables like Earnings per Share, Retention Ratio and Return on Equity. Results indicate that Cash Dividend, Retention Ratio and Return on Equity has significant positive relation with stock market prices and significantly explains the variations in the stock prices of chemical and pharmaceutical sector of Pakistan while Earnings per Share and Stock Dividends have negative insignificant...
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...DIVIDEND POLICY AND ITS IMPACT ON SHARE PRICE (ANALYSIS OF SELECTED “A” CLASS LISTED COMPANIES) Submitted By Bijendra Bahadur Malla Roll No.: 740090 Reg. No: 2007-2-22-0056 A Research Report Submitted To Prof. Dr. Prem Raj Pant Apex College Pokhara University In partial fulfillment of requirements for the course on Research Methodology For the degree of Master of Business Administration Kathmandu August, 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Study has been under taken to analysis the “Dividend Policy and its Impact on Share Price (Analysis of selected “A” Class Listed Companies)” under partial fulfillment of the requirement of MBA degree. The thesis mainly covers the dividend policy and its impact on share price of “A” class listed companies of Nepal. I would like to express my deep gratitude to Professor Dr. Prem Raj Pant, for his kind support, advice and continuous support for the thesis writing. I would like to express my deep greet to my respected supervisor, Mr. Pushpa Raj Joshi and Mr. Bharat Singh Thapa for his continuous guidance and supervision. The report in this form is the result of their inspiring and invaluable guidance and supervision. I express sincere thanks to all librarians of Apex College who helped me directly and indirectly in the course of review of literature. Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends for their help, blessings, love and support for me to prepare for the thesis writing. ........…….……........ Bijendra Bdr. Malla ...
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...forces underlying environmental change. Such dilemmas prevail because socio-economic impacts are products of overall transformation processes, which involve simultaneously both the environmental variables and the factors affecting them. Hence, we may talk more comfortably about the socioeconomic impacts of change (i.e. transformation process) with a special focus on the environmental components of this transformation. Accordingly, in the first place, the transformation processes have disrupted the overall production base and interlinkages of land-based activities, which evolved through adaptations to specific conditions of mountain habitats (tables 4.7-4.10). Ineffectiveness or infeasibility of several traditional production and resource-management practices due to the above changes may be treated as manifestations of socioeconomic vulnerabilities. The changed status and productivity of environmental resources are important factors behind such vulnerabilities. As a consequence of the marginalization of age-old and well-tested components of traditional farming systems, the mountain communities (most of which depend on agriculture) are...
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...METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………..... CHAPTER - 2 INTRODUCTION OF THE ORGANIZATION……………………………………. OBJECT OF THE ORGANIZATION………………………………………………….. STRUCTURE AND DEPARTMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION…………….. ORGANIZATION FUNCTION…………………………………………………………. PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA……………………………………… MAJOR FINDING OF THE STUDY……………………………………………………. CHAPTER – 3 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION 1.1 Background of the Study The students of Bachelor on Business Administration with Banking and Insurance of Pokhara University have been assigned to perform 6 weeks internship on a particular institution and to make an internship report accordingly. This task has been assigned by Management Faculty of the Pokhara University as a partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of BBA-BI program. Faculty of Management; Pokhara University has its ultimate objective of educating students for professional pursuits in business, industry, government, and non-government sectors. It is further dedicated for increasing the knowledge of business, service and public administration. The trend of internship has been continued since the establishment of P.U. in the year 1997. It aims to give students the opportunity to realize and understand the real life business and professional performance and problems on different activities of financial institution. An internship is a work-related learning experience for individuals who wish to develop hands on work experience in a certain occupational field...
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...Internationalization and firm performance 1. Introduction The topics of internationalization and firm performance are introduced. Over the last decades the interest on the relationship and connection between internationalization and performance has grown rapidly. The aim of this paper is to focus on the strength and weaknesses of internationalization as a business strategy by stressing the positive and negative factors that influence the whole process. Moreover, internationalization well be discussed with regard on performance levels. Does firms expansion abroad has a direct positive or negative impact on performance? And, if yes, in what extend does performance, profit, market share as well as the position toward competition change? The first part of the paper deals with some of the important reasons such as resource, marker, efficiency, as well as strategic asset seeking, which directly influence companies to be multinationals. We live in the area of globalization, where “going global” and becoming international is a very common strategy used by firms in order to expand and spread their potentials abroad. Nevertheless, before some decades this topic was not as common as today and authors starting to study it by concentrating not only in the economical side, but as well as by dealing with cultural diversities, political barriers, local versus foreign customers, competition etc. The second part of the paper is focused in more details in the IP relationship. It is understandable...
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...IBT Journal of Business Studies (Formerly Journal of Management & Social Sciences) Vol. 10, No. 1, (Spring2014) 83-101 Human Resource Management Practices: A Case Study of South Asian Countries Rafique Ahmed Khan Faculty of Management Science Bahria University Karachi, Pakistan Mohammad Khasro Miah School of Business North South University Dhaka, Bangladesh Amir Manzoor Faculty of Management Science Bahria University Karachi, Pakistan ABSTRACT Purpose: The central point of this study was to demonstrate the similarity and difference of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices amongst the countries in South Asia. Through this paper, an in-depth study was undertaken to evaluate the validity of existing HRM practices in South Asian (SA) countries. An effort was made to examine the influences from the economic emergence in South Asia, force of colonization, historical panorama, cultural similarities and dissimilarities, legal, economic and political factors causing the change.. Methodology/Sampling: The study is based on secondary data collected through extensive research on present and past literature available on the topic. Findings: HRM is in a reforming process towards the development of organizational transformation in South Asia. In addition, contextual and contingency factors are determining the outcome of restructuring HRM practices in South Asia, identified as FDI, foreign MNCs’ influence, and bilateral relations among the SAARC members...
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...Serving our consumers, today and tomorrow Hindustan Unilever is India's largest Fast Moving Consumer Goods Company. We meet everyday needs of millions of Indians, right from the morning cup of tea to brushing at bedtime. Our brands touch the lives of more than 700 million Indians. It is this relationship with our consumers that we would like to build upon and strengthen. We will continue to straddle the consumer price pyramid to meet the needs and aspirations of diverse consumers across India. Our stated strategy is to grow our business competitively, profitably and sustainably. The key pillars to achieving this are: Winning Winning Winning Winning with brands and innovation in the market place through continuous improvement with people During the year, we have made significant progress on each of these thrust areas. We are well placed to leverage the tremendous opportunity in a fast growing market like India by serving and delighting our consumers. Annual Report 2009-10 01 Chairman’s Letter Dear Shareholders, My warm greetings to all of you. The year 2009-10 has been yet another challenging year for the global markets. The resilience shown by the Indian economy in this challenging context is particularly heartening. This bodes well for the long-term growth prospects of India which continues to be amongst the high growth economies in the world today. However, there are still some pressure points which need to be addressed to sustain this high growth. One of the...
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...S w 9B09A017 DABUR INDIA LTD. - GLOBALIZATION R. Chandrasekhar wrote this case under the supervision of Professor Niraj Dawar solely to provide material for class discussion. The authors do not intend to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a managerial situation. The authors may have disguised certain names and other identifying information to protect confidentiality. Ivey Management Services prohibits any form of reproduction, storage or transmittal without its written permission. Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Ivey Management Services, c/o Richard Ivey School of Business, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7; phone (519) 661-3208; fax (519) 661-3882; e-mail cases@ivey.uwo.ca. Copyright © 2009, Ivey Management Services Version: (A) 2009-06-10 INTRODUCTION In June 2007, consumer packaged goods (CPG) companies around the world were optimistically betting on growth in India. Dabur India Ltd. (Dabur) was among the top 10 CPG1 companies in India by revenue (see Exhibit 1). Dabur’s chief executive officer (CEO), Sunil Duggal, was bullish on the Indian market, yet he was also convinced of the imperative to internationalize. Scheduled to meet soon with a group of institutional investors to brief them on the company’s growth strategy, Duggal had to...
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...Dewan India. CONSUMER PACKAGED GOODS – INDUSTRY BACKGROUND CPGs were packaged household groceries and supplies consumed readily and regularly, including foods, personal care products and detergents, among others. The CPG industry comprised manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers. A broad spectrum of competitors prevailed, from standalones occupying niches to integrated firms straddling the continuum. Globally, profit margins were generally low for CPG companies, and their business models emphasized cutting costs, and chasing volumes and elusive top‐line growth. Three factors usually influenced a consumer’s decision to buy a CPG : price, brand loyalty and impulse. In most developing countries, including India, CPG was a local business dominated by small indigenous players at provincial levels. Very few graduated to national status. Manufacturing was generally outsourced and retail channels were shared. Distribution was a key success factor in the business. In the developing markets, there were almost no CPG firms that played on the global stage. It was not easy to create universally appealing brand positions or product assortments and run far‐flung, people‐intensive retail operations. Having acquired a place among the top 10 CPG companies in India, Dewan was attempting what few other CPG companies from emerging markets had attempted to do : become an international company...
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...THESES AND DISSERTATIONS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER | | | | |This List provides full details of a particular Thesis/Dissertation and is arranged by the surname of the Researcher. | ABBAS (Samir Abood). Strategies of petro-chemical industries in Arabian countries. 1988. Delhi, University of Delhi. 412p, Bibliography: P 354-84. (University of Delhi, Commerce (Deptt of-), Thesis). (Thesis, University of Delhi, Commerce (Deptt of-). {Note: Appendix: P 354-412}. X9(F555).46.N8 M8/Th 00914764 ABBI (Kavita). Life style of Indian women (working V/s non working). 1987. Delhi, University of Delhi. 110p. (University of Delhi, Commerce and Business (Faculty of-), Dissertation). (Dissertation, University of Delhi, Commerce and Business (Faculty of-). Y15.2.N8 M7/Th 00914439 ABERRA (Yohannes). Problems of irrigation in the drought prone region on Northern Ethiopia: A case study of the Mekele Plateau. 2001. Delhi, University of Delhi. xiii, 309p, Bibliography:...
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