...DIRECTIONS: Select an answer A, B, C, D or True/False using the drop-down menu below each multiple-choice or true/false question. Q1 through Q40 are worth ½ point each (20 points total). Then, respond to the short-answer questions in at least 75-100 words. Q41 is worth 2 points and Q42 is worth 3 points. A perfect score on this quiz will earn 25 points. 1: The physiological responses of men and women to sexual stimulation are very different. A1: 2: The correct order in which the phases of the Masters and Johnson model of sexual response occur is A) plateau, orgasm, excitement, resolution. B) excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution. C) excitement, orgasm, plateau, resolution. D) desire, excitement, orgasm, resolution. A2: 3: A man and a woman are making love and notice their nipples becoming erect, along with their chests and abdomens turning red. The phase of Masters and Johnson’s sexual response cycle they are most likely in is A) excitement. B) resolution. C) orgasm. D) resolution. A3: 4: According to a study of female nurses in 1991, what percent of women reported ever experiencing multiple orgasms? A) 3% B) 23% C) 43% D) 83% A4: 5: When a man experiences the sensation of ejaculatory inevitability, A) semen has collected in the urethral bulb and ejaculation is imminent. B) his erection is totally under his control and he can stop without ejaculating. ...
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...each multiple choice question. If you have forgotten this or there is more than one answer chosen, it will be marked as incorrect. For fill in the blank questions and short answers, please write your answer in the space provided here in the exam. Once you are finished with the exam, please upload it to the week nine ‘final exam’ assignment section of the class. Absolutely no late exams will be accepted for any reason. Please make sure it is uploaded by 11:59pm Arizona time on 5/11/2014. 1). What are the three building blocks in Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love? 1.) Intimacy 2.) Passion 3.) Commitment 2). In examining patterns of marital sexuality across cultures, which of the following has been found across cultures? B) Male dominance and female submission 3.) According to research on bisexuality, all of the following statements are true, EXCEPT D) All of the above statements are true. 4). Compared to sex hormones levels in females, testosterone levels in males B) remain relatively...
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...insistences where Firdaus found joy and contentment in her life. Her childhood brought her neglect and void of love. Her family did not support her in getting an education. She married a man who could be as old as her grandfather. She ran away and became a prostitute. Firdaus gave that up and tried to be a “respectful women” by working at an office. After being played by men again, she returned back to her old occupation. In the end, nothing was ever right in her life and chose death in order to escape it. This novel is perfect example for a lot of previous written essays on women studies. Essays such as The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir, The Traffic in Women by Gayle Rubin, and The BITCH Manifesto by Jo Freeman addresses the issues and theories presented in Women at Point Zero. Women in the novel are treated similarly to de Beauvoir’s description of the “second sex”. The men in Firdaus’s society sets themselves up as the “Subject, he is the Absolute”, while the women as “the other” (de Beauvior, 33). Most of the women in the novel are treated as servants or slaves by their husbands. The women must prepare meals for them, take care of the house, raise his children, and give him sexual pleasure. Firdaus explains how her father would always have supper. Her mother would always have food for him, even if it meant starving her children. “My mother would hide his food from us” (Saadawi, 18). If things don’t go accordingly to her father, like having a son die, he would beat up his...
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...Masters and Johnson were primarily interested in studying the biology of sexuality (i.e., what happens when you have sex) and so in the late 1960s they set up a lab and actually observed individuals engaging in sexual behavior. Their work resulted in the establishment of the Sexual Response Cycle which continues to shape the way in which we view sexual functioning, even today. The sequence of phases in Masters and Johnson's model of sexual response is: Excitement phase: Physiological arousal increases quickly. Muscle tension, heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate increase. In men, the penis gets erect and the testes swell. In women, the clitoris hardens and swells, the vaginal lips open, and the vagina lubricates. Plateau phase: Physiological arousal continues. In women, the clitoris retracts under the clitoral hood. Men may secrete a small amount of fluid from the penis. Orgasm phase: Physiological arousal peaks. Men ejaculate seminal fluid. Both men and women experience muscular contractions in the pelvic area, along with a sensation of pleasure. Resolution phase: Physiological responses return to normal levels. Men then go through a refractory period that can vary in length, during which they are not responsive to stimulation. The refractory period tends to get longer as men age. Some sex scholars have suggested that an important flaw in the Masters and Johnson research on human sexual response is their inclusion of only orgasmic subjects in their sample. Masters...
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...Psychology 1010 Exam #3 Study Guide Professor Tomaszycki Language ✓ What are the components of language? What is language? What does it mean to say that language is generative? ✓ How do nature and nurture play a role in language? Know what the associated theories are: nativism, social pragmatics, and general cognitive processing. ✓ What are the two brain areas responsible for language? What happens with damage? ✓ What are the general trends in language development? ✓ What are some ways to test language comprehension early on? ✓ What are overextension and underextension? ✓ Know the evidence for language-like capacities in nonhuman animals Development ✓ What is the evidence that nature and nurture contribute to development? When does nurture begin? ✓ What are some problems associated with studying development? ✓ Know the basic stages of prenatal development. What is the developmental trend in brain size? When is your brain the largest? When do most changes in the brain occur? ✓ What are the four major steps in prenatal brain development? Which occur(s) after birth? ✓ What are teratogens? What is one example? ✓ Know who Piaget was, what he studied, and how his four stages of development contribute to our knowledge of development. Know the major developmental milestones (and deficits) for each of Piaget’s 4 developmental stages. ✓ What are some problems associated with Piaget’s conclusions or studies? ...
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...goal, such as having fame, money, or a good marriage. The real definition of motivation is the need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. This often involves choice, length, power, resolution, and emotional response. Motivation can be seen as both stable and unstable. Motivation can be seen as behavior, or stable personality of individuals. Motivation can be seen as a temporary state that changes in response to environmental or internal states. There are four perspective theories of motivation: Instinct theory, Drive-Reduction theory, Arousal theory, and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Instinct theory is replaced by the evolutionary perspective. Instincts are complex behaviors that have fixed patterns throughout different species and are not learned. When the instinct theory of motivation failed, it was replaced by the drive-reduction theory. A physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need. Drive-Reduction Theory Emphasize the interaction between inner pushes and external pulls. The physiological aim of drive reduction is homeostasis. Homeostasis is trend to maintain a balanced; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level. Incentives are the positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior. Arousal Emphasize the support for an optimum level of stimulation. Human motivation aims to seek optimum levels of arousal, not to...
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...Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality PSY/250 April 23, 2013 Richard Dehmer Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality All people have unique personalities, but not all analysts agree on how personalities are formed. This paper will discuss the hierarchy of needs. This theory uses five levels that each individual must progress through to reach self-actualization. This theory of personality also aligns with the Biological theory in the same ways. Individuals must meet basic needs of happiness to more to another level and self-awareness, or self-actualization. First Level “Maslow divided organismic needs into two categories. First, he identified several categories of deficiency needs—“D-needs” (or “D-motives”)—which are necessary for survival. The physiological needs are the basic biological necessities such as food, water, sex, and shelter. (Friedman & Schustack, (2009), pg. 304).” By working and making a living, Danette is meeting her need for food, drink, and shelter. She also fulfills the sleep, warmth by owning a home. Second Level The second stage includes the safety needs of an individual. This stage seems easy enough to fulfill, but some individuals do not find it as easy as others. Safety needs differ based on what makes an individual feel safe and secure. This stage covers the basic needs, but some individuals may have a longer list of needs. Once the needs on this level are met, Danette can move on to the next level. ...
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...work as activity undertaken with our hands which gives objectivity to the world. Social relations have been changing to meet the demands of the type of mode of production. In broad outline, Marxist theory recognises several distinctive modes of production characteristic of different epochs in human history. Primitive communism is the first mode of production in the Marxist theory. This is described as a traditional type of cooperation which first appeared about two million years ago. During this period relations of production were based on collective ownership of the means of production by individual communes. They used extremely backward productive forces and primitive forces of labour which can also be called collective labour thus social relationships at work were characterised by collective labour. Due to these characteristics there was economic equality among the primitive people and the absence of exploitation of man by other man. These people were independent with no one to push anyone. During this period, according to Watson J.T (1995), one`s work was seen more as an inevitable burden than as a way of oneself. Hard work was done because survival demanded it. There was also little separation of home and workplace. However, there was a division of labour which was based on sex and age only. There was no private ownership of anything. Further...
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...FEMALE AROUSAL DISORDER In recent years more then ever women are being studied for problems with sexual disorders and dysfunction’s "Sexual disorders and dysfunction's refer to difficulties individuals experience in their sexual functioning." (O’Donohue, Geer) In the past when sexual problems were studied amongst women the focus was on the orgasmic phase, with such problems as Vaginismus, Dyspareunia and Anorgasmia, rather than on the arousal phase. Even in 1970 when Masters and Johnson published their famous book Human Sexual Inadequacy, they omitted form their finding associated with arousal disorder in women for reasons unknown. However many contemporary sex researchers, reason that arousal problems with women were more difficult to diagnose. Therefore in the past women's sexual problems were associated with inability to reach orgasm. This however would change in 1978, with publication of Frank, Anderson and Rubinstein's finding on arousal problems amongst women. According to the American Psychiatric Association, 1983 (DSM-III-R), for female sexual arousal disorders to exist two aspects must be present. Persistent or recurrent failure to attain or maintain the lubrication and the swelling response of sexual excitement until completion and second persistent or recurrent lack of subjective sense of sexual excitement and pleasure in female during sexual activity. "Until recently, researchers believed that most...
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...due to his alcoholism he went to live with his Grandmother. While living with his Grandmother, Dahmer took another victim Steven Touni. Dahmer killed altogether 17 male men mainly African American. In July 1991 Jeffrey was finally arrested and was sentenced to a total of fifteen life sentences. In 1994 Dahmer was murdered by fellow inmate Christopher Scarver. When discussing what may have driven Dahmer to behave in such a matter the following theories are examine; Weiss (1973) theory on loneliness, next was a theory on alcoholism described in Gifford (2009), and the last theory used is Erick Erickson’s identity development theory. A SERIAL KILLER CASE STUDY: JEFFREY DAHMER (1960-1994) Jeffrey Dahmer was born in the year of 1960, and was murdered by fellow inmate while incarcerated in 1994 (Jenkins, 2004). Dahmer was serving his time in jail for the manslaughter of seventeen men in America. This case study discusses some possible psychological theories to help interpret and grasp what caused Dahmer’s behaviour and actions. The theories used were Weiss (1973), on loneliness, alcoholism focusing on alcoholism as a habit rather than a disease, and Erick Erickson’s Identity...
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...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study Nigerian educational system like any other country has its problems, lapses, and controversies. At the time of searching there are many problems confronting Nigeria educational system and institutions. The future achievement of our young children in primary schools depends on the foundation we help them to lay down today. Also, the future condition of our society depends on our children, who will become the leaders of tomorrow. Therefore, because of the total roles of primary school head master one can rightly regard them as important builders of our future generation. Head masters in primary schools occupy vital position in the administration of the school, and in moulding the lives of children. They are individuals who have unique ways of carrying out their job. The peculiarity of an individual human being is manifested in perception. Communication, attitude behavior and intelligence. Therefore, the leadership style of any primary school headmaster affects the working situation positively or negatively which may result in god or poor performances of the children (pupils) in the school. The degree of relationship between the headmaster and teachers determine the effectiveness of leadership of headmaster. According to (NPE 3:14) the objectives of primary education are: 1. The inculcation of permanent literacy, numeracy and ability to communicate effectively. 2. The laying of sound basis for scientific and reflective...
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...Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Homosexuality Alton Masters Psy/265 – Psychology of Human Sexuality June 7, 2013 Professor Belden This paper is all about the historical and scientific perspectives on homosexuality. In this essay we will be discussing the historical, biological, and psychological perspectives on homosexuality. We will also go over the impact that these perspectives may have had on the way homosexuals perceive themselves. Also included will be an analysis of the experiences of coming out and adjusting as a gay individual. Lastly we will talk about how these historical, biological, and psychological perspectives have impacted mine own sexual orientation and how they have shaped the way I view homosexuality. Historical Perspectives on Homosexuality Homosexuality, be it gay or lesbian, has existed throughout history. There have been many different attitudes towards homosexuality including tolerance in some societies, open encouragement in others, but in most societies this behavior has been condemned. While homosexuality has mostly been condemned, this was not always the case. A couple of examples are the ancient Greece and Rome. In Greece is was common for established males to form sexual relationships with adolescent males at about eh age of the adolescents growing their first beard. “Romans described highly feminine gay men who dressed flamboyantly, had showy hair styles and mannerisms, and cruised certain neighborhoods, searching for partners...
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...that the Orient is not a property of bodies or something originally existent in human beings; rather it is the social construct. Specifically, it is the product of the society’s dominant class – the Whites, the master- narrative. Racial differences have been used as a basis for racial stereotypes, for instance the White “norm” versus Non-white people. It is clear that racial identity is marked on skin. It is undeniable that some stereotypes do/might have a basis of truth, however such stereotypes do not take into the account of differences among the Orient. It is out of fear and apprehensiveness that lead to the birth of such unjust stereotypes, the film “Memoirs of a Geisha” directed by Rob Marshall highlights the irony of the stereotypes resulting in fragmentations of identity. “Memoirs of a Geisha” (Marshall, 2005) offers an interesting twist to our typical story-telling, the women are no longer silenced, and the story is told through the voice of a woman (though written by a male writer). It highlights the death of the master- narrative, as it highlights the differences among the “other” women, the presence of “Geisha” debukes the stereotype of women as “Angel of Home” perception (diversion of the master-narrative). Identity crisis is a major theme in the film, at first glance, audience is introduced to Sayuri as an innocent 7 year old and seems like...
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...This highlights another weakness and/or con of the theory as not all of those who have been labelled resort to accepting a label and thus a life of crime. For most ‘offenders’ like Vusi, who was proven innocent or even those wrongly prosecuted, they would eventually want to continue with their lives without the critique and judgement from others who do not have a clear idea of the circumstances in their general lives. They would ideally choose to forget the ordeal. However, where there is a label and stigma in place; that proves to be difficult as they are constantly reminded of their so-called “wrong doing”. Employers favour those without any criminal records or history with the wrong side of the law” (Mingusa and Burchfield,...
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...PSY 100 STUDY GUIDE EXAM #3 CHAPTER 8 Memory Retrieval Serial Position Effect: Recall is superior for the items at the beginning and end of a list Primacy Effect: superior recall for items at the beginning of a list Recency Effect: superior recall for items at the end of a list Retrieval Cues Recall: individual must retrieve previously learned information (essay test) Recognition: individual only has to identify (“recognize”) learned items (multiple choice test) Encoding Specificity Principle: associations formed at the time of encoding or learning tend to be effective retrieval cues (ex. Mnemonics, semantic encoding) Priming: activating particular connections or association in memory Flashbulb Memories: memories of emotionally significant events that people often recall with more accuracy and vivid imagery than everyday events Factors involved in forgetting Challenges of Forgetting 1. Absent-mindedness: inattention to details produces encoding failure 2. Transience: storage decay over time 3. Blocking: inaccessibility of stored info Challenges of Distortion 4. Misattribution: confusion about source of info 5. Suggestibility: lingering effects of misinfo 6. Bias: belief-colored recollections Challenge of Intrusion 7. Persistence: unwanted memories Proactive Interference: info learned earlier interferes with recall or newer material; material that was learned earlier disrupts the recall of material learned later Retroactive Interference:...
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