...affecting different organization and which of them are more important and how they affect the organization. It is indicator of political, economical, social and technological influences on organization. Political & Legal Factors As far as the Lever Brothers Pakistan Limited concerns according to them that political instability have do affect but not particularly Lever Brothers Pakistan Limited same as it affects any other organization around and specially they are in consumer products business which never make them out of business. In case of legal factors, any trade policy or import duties is not affecting particularly Lever Brothers Pakistan Limited. In Pakistan right now following liberalization policy under SAP by IMF made which they have to waive off all restrictions and moreover due to huge investment by Lever Brothers Pakistan Limited no government can afford to create hurdles in the way of an organization like Lever Brothers Pakistan Limited. And they don’t have to go for only lobbying or what so ever as not action of Pakistan government has affected them adversely as such. Economical Factors Economical factors affect Lever Brothers Pakistan Limited in the same way as it affect any other organization like current economic situation in Pakistan and inflation has reduced consumer’s disposable income too, which in turn has reduced the purchasing power of consumer but affect is same for every organization and according to them Lever Brothers Pakistan Limited have edge...
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...BRANDING OF PAKISTAN The world now a day has become a compact village. Everyone knows everything that is going on in various part of the world. Marketing and branding has become so important that people are putting so much focus on the marketing activities of the product or brand they are affiliated with. Competition in the market is so strong that every organization is giving so much heed towards the innovation so that it can provide its customers with some thing new in order to sustain its already captured customers and to attach new ones with its name. Every organization wants the competitive edge. It is the case with the countries that are in the world. The pool of information available to the people around the globe makes the aware of what is happening in different countries and what is the reason behind it. The governmental bodies these days are trying to make their image better in the eyes of public of not only their own country but also in the eyes of public of other countries so that when they are competing in the elections next time they can get the international support. That can influence the opinion of the people that live in their own country. Pakistan these days is going through the transformational phase. Various positive actions are being taken by the government to improve its image. Pakistan is facing the major crisis in its economic category. People who live in the country and had been the big industrialists are taking their money out of Pakistan because they...
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...Organization’s Culture In Pakistan BY: M Muneeb Ullah Sandhu Unit Contents: * Introduction to culture. * Culture of political parties. * Brief details of PTI * Cultural Profile of PTI * Climate of PTI * Communication & PTI WHAT IS CULTURE? Def. Culture is the values and practices shared by the member of a group (source notes) Hence a corporate culture is values and practices shared by the people in that company Key Points Regarding Culture * A Companies culture can make or break the company. * Company’s culture can be changed. But it can be difficult in some cases. * It can be changed as the targets of the company changes. * Company culture changes and evolves over time. But not in all cases if it is strong culture. * It changes from one environment to another. (E.g. Multinational companies) Explanation in My Views: Any human organization develops culture over time, from small family business to global national companies to village and country try to develop its own culture over time. It is like an iceberg whose very small portion can be seen while travelling in sea but the major portion of it is under water, which can only be observed when you get under water. Now, Why it is important? It is important as every organization try to develop its own unique identity. Here I think it is important to define organization. “An organization is a group of people with a particular...
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...Different institutions has given different definitions but in Pakistan SMEDA (small Medium enterprises development authority) has defined SMEs as “the enterprises can be small and medium which has up to 250 employees and having annual return about Rs.250 million.” In Pakistan we can say that there are about more and less about 2 million small and micro level business and enterprises are exist. In among these 2 million there are about 400000 are form manufacturing side about 600000 from services side enterprises and about one million are exists from trade sector mean retailers. In Pakistan Small Medium enterprises is almost near to ninety percent of the whole business enterprise. It contributes a lot in almost every sector of Pakistan like manufacturing, agricultural and services based organizations. The part of every province in SME are contributed in SME Punjab province has the highest contribution about 65.26% share is in Punjab, KPK has about 12.21% while Sindh province has about 17.82% share in SME in total of 2.96 million units in Pakistan of which about 93.9% are established enterprises and 6.1% are household enterprises. Baluchistan share is about 2.09% in over all units in Pakistan. All sectors are very important in SME but manufacturing sector is very important in SME in context to the economic development. Manufacturing sector has about 66.5% of shares in SME which is the highest one in over all sectors in Pakistan. Other is household, wholesale; retail or restaurants...
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...EMPLOYEE RELATIONS PROJECT Table of contents 1. Historical Perspective of IR in Pakistan…………………………………………….. 5 1.1 Employer’s organization History………………………………………………………7 2. System of IR in Pakistan………………………………………………………………8 2.2 Membership of trade unions……………………………………………………………11 3. Upcoming trends and changing characteristics of workforce in Pakistan………….12 4. Challenges of IR in Pakistan………………………………………………………….16 5. Historical development and phases of growth of trade unions in Pakistan………..18 6. Structure; Political affiliation and problems of trade unions in Pakistan…………..20 7. Structure of Unions in Pakistan………………………………………………………22 8. Table…………………………………………………………………………………….24 9. References……………………………………………………………………………….25 1. Historical Perceptive of Industrial Relation in Pakistan. Current population of Pakistan is 182.1-million approximately; it’s ranked sixth as most populated country of the world (Population Census Organization). Total labor force is 59.21 million in Pakistan ( Index Mundi Pakistan) out of total labor force 49.09 million is employed and rest is unemployed, women has got 20% rate in employed strength , in agriculture sector employs are 44%, in service sector 35%, in industry and manufacturing employs are only 20% Industrial relations are the efforts made for the resolution of the differences between employer and employees, on objectives and values, profitability sharing and social justice. Discipline and authority, freedom and...
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...27, No. 2, July-December 2012, pp.439-458 Role of Civil Society in Empowering Pakistani Women Shehzadi Zamurrad Awan F.C College University ABSTRACT Civil society in Pakistan has been playing its role in social, economic and political empowerment of women. Unfortunately, despite of the emergence of vibrant print/electronic media, wide-spread network of women related non-governmental organizations and the focus of political parties on women related issues; a large segment of female population is still struggling hard for the equal status. However, it is pertinent to state that the notion of women empowerment is deeply linked with an over-all change in patriarchal structure of the society, on one side and the truthful understanding of religion (Islam) on the other. We cannot neglect this reality that the growing trend to provide equal opportunities of education and employment to women has contributed to their welfare, but not effective through to make a dent in their over-all well-being. In spite of the fact that more representation is given to the women in legislatures, neither have they suggested remedies for the grievances and dismal plight of women, nor they could suggest the broad framework to improve the role of female socio-economic and political in Pakistan. KEY WORDS: Civil Society, Pakistan, Woman, Welfare, Gender, NGO Introduction This paper intends to establish a linkage between the issues of women empowerment and the contribution of the civil society, to...
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...THE ROLE OF CORPORATE SECTOR AND NGOs IN ADDRESSING THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS IN PAKISTAN The environment in Pakistan has been degrading alarmingly over the past few decades. Pakistan faces a number of environmental issues like deforestation, water, air, land and noise pollution, depletion of water resources, destruction of arable land of to name a few. The consequences of these issues, as we know from the past, can be devastating. One major issue that every sector needs to address is the depletion of forests and rampant deforestation in the country. Forests in Pakistan are mostly found in mountainous regions of the north and west, with a few mangrove forests along the coastal line of Arabian Sea. Due to an increased demand for wood, forests have been cut down brutally at an average rate of 0.5% of the forest area per annum according to official records (The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy). The corporate sector in Pakistan has played a two-sided role when addressing environmental issues in Pakistan. Where the industrial sector pollutes the environment and disturbs the natural balance of the ecosystem, it also tries to come across as an eco-friendly sector of the society. There are a number of factories which do not consider proper waste disposal procedures and dump untreated wastes into the environment polluting the environment. Organizations in the corporate sector need to maintain a positive image in the public mind. To show that they too care about the environment...
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...“A case study of HBFC in Pakistan” Rana Adeel Luqman MS Scholar and Lecturer Commerce Department The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Fakhar Shahzad (Corresponding author) MS Scholar and Visiting Lecturer The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Sundus Shaheen (Corresponding author) Lecturer, Commerce Department The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Tabinda Kiran (Corresponding author) Lecturer, Management Sciences The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan ABSTRACT The main intention of writing this paper is to develop understanding about the concept of collective bargaining, its scope and implementation issues in HBFC Pakistan and in light of problems that they face in collective bargaining suggest some factors for effective collective bargaining. Simple random sampling was used for collecting data from population. In-depth interviews are conducted formally and informally. Based on the analysis of data gathered in HBFC it was found that there is no proper communication between union and management. They have misconception between them and the management does not properly recognize the union. And there is also the involvement of politics in collective bargaining. So there is need of some improvement in collective bargaining process and also realize the importance of union and collective bargaining. The type of this research study is exploratory. Most of management member in the organization were not agree to share...
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...structures, increased employee training and development and continuous improvement is normally termed as a high performance work system (HPWS). However to be considered as an HPWS an organization must consider certain HR policies and approaches that will enhance its employee’s performance level. HPWS has been defined by Bohlander and Snell as “a specific combination of HR practices, work structures, and processes that maximizes employee knowledge, skill, commitment and flexibility”. According to Barnes HPWS comprises of three main components which comprise of “increased opportunity for employees to participate in decisions, employee training and employee incentives.” However due to the drastic changes in today’s work environment he also included technology as the fourth component of HPWS. The reason for this was the role that technology has started to play in dictating the organizational development. However it should be made clear that the technology has not to be a leading edge technology but in fact it should be competent enough to provide necessary infrastructure for communication and sharing information that is vital to business performance. Things to consider while implementing HPWS: According to one of the researchers, if organizations are fascinated in applying HPWS effectively in their organizations than they should ensure that the following characteristics are in place. * Self-managed teams and decentralization of decision making. * Selective hiring of new personnel...
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...Management Strengthening of NGOs USAID/Pakistan June March 2004 USAID/Pakistan has determined that this document is appropriate for public distribution on the Internet USAID/Pakistan has determined that this document is NOT appropriate for public distribution on the Internet TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS SECTION I. INTRODUCTION A. BACKGROUND B. USAID/Pakistan PRE-EXISTING SO 1 RESULTS FRAMEWORK USAID/PAKISTAN IMCP RESULTS FRAMEWORK B. LOGICAL CONSISTENCY OF THE RESULTS FRAMEWORK C. CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS SECTION III. PERFORMANCE INDICATOR REFERENCE SHEETS Component One: Management Standards Component Two: NPO Certification Component Three: Dissemination and Outreach ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS iii SECTION I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. BACKGROUND 1 B. USAID/Pakistan PRE-EXISTING SO 1 RESULTS FRAMEWORK 1 USAID/PAKISTAN IMCP RESULTS FRAMEWORK 3 B. LOGICAL CONSISTENCY OF THE RESULTS FRAMEWORK 5 C. CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS 6 SECTION III. PERFORMANCE INDICATOR REFERENCE SHEETS 7 Component One: Management Standards 7 Objective 1: To strengthen and increase the competitive base of Pakistani non-profit non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that meet the management standards required for a USAID award. 7 Component TWO: NPO CERTIFICATION 127 Objective 2: To orient NGOs in meeting the requirements necessary for certification as a non-profit (NPO) by the Government of Pakistan or its Certification Agency or agencies...
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...comprehensive appraisal of the revival of democracy after the interregnum of 1999-2002. (2002) * Debate, National Interests VS Democratic Values in the context of recent political and constitutional developments in Pakistan. (2003) * The rise of religious extremism and militancy has become a major challenge to Pakistan’s internal stability and promotion of democracy. Elaborate. (2008) * Why most countries of the Muslim world are devoid of democratic governance? What changes would you recommend to make them modern democratic states? (2009) * Democracy in Pakistan has remained an elusive dream. Why it has taken so long to develop a road map and follow it with necessary modification? Explain (2009) GOVERNANCE * Governance through ordinances has been the hallmark of all regimes, democratic or otherwise, in Pakistan. In this context briefly review Pakistan’s political, constitutional and judicial landmarks. (2000) * Note: Ramification of Taliban’s style governance. (2000) * Pakistan is suffering from crises of governance at Institutional level. Suggest remedies to mitigate this situation. (2007) GLOBALIZATION * Discuss politics of World Trade Organization and Globalization. (2000) * Globalization, as being shaped by the World Trade Organization in a world of un-equal nation-slates, has un-manageable implications. Discuss. (2003) 911 CONSEQUENCES * “A single catastrophic event –‘Nine Eleven’ – has turned the entire world topsy-turvy”. Discuss....
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...modernization of its various sectors. Government of Pakistan awarded status of industry to telecom sector in year 2003-04. Benefits that accrue to a declared industry are now available to Telecom Sector. Over the past two decades, the institutional and regulatory framework of the telecommunications industry has changed radically. In most of the countries, public telecommunication operators (PTOs) have been fully or partially privatized and regulations concerning access to telecommunication markets, provision of services to users and pricing mechanisms have been overhauled. Basic Telephony Pakistan telecommunications market for the fixed-line services was dominated by Pakistan Telecommunication Limited (PTCL). But now PTA has been given the role of a regulatory body and is responsible for implementing the telecom deregulation policy. For a long time, Pakistan lagged behind in the region as far as telecom access is concerned. With cellular mobile revolution taking place, Pakistan 's tele-density currently stands at 10.37%, with gross subscribers base of fixed (5.05 million) as well as mobile subscribers (10.54 million) touching 15.59 million for a population of 152.53 million. The government is taking Pakistan's telecom future seriously and has deregulated the sector. As a result, scores of new private entrants are gearing up to provide service, and since June cellular subscriptions have shot up by 56%, to 7 million -- making Pakistan one of the fastest-growing cellular markets....
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...Saleem Khan, London Metropolitan University, Religious Nationalism and Sectarianism in Pakistan Introduction Since the American occupation of Iraq, intra-Muslim violence has become daily news but prior to 2003, Pakistan not Iraq was the global centre for violent conflict between different Muslim sects. In 1947, British India was divided on religious lines and two nation-states India and Pakistan emerged. The British educated founding fathers of Pakistan perceived a united India as being detrimental to Muslims because as a minority Muslims would be not be recognized as equals by the Hindu majority state which would also suppress their rights so the concept of Pakistan was formulated as a nation-state where some aspects of liberal democracy would be implanted so that fairness and non-interference would be the norm. In the 1970s partly because of violent challenges to the state by ethno-nationalist movements partly inspired by uneven economic development and the upheavals in the international arena due to the Cold War, there was a major shift away from pluralistic politics and a move towards greater Islamisation beginning with the narrowing of the definition of a Muslim by the state in which the state gave up its neutrality. Additional government legislation imposing uniform religious taxes widen sectarian differences between the Sunni majority and Shia minority. By not initially accommodating Shia collective demands the state had alienated many of them. The subsequent and...
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...Introduction To Public Administration–MGT111 VU LESSON 01 INTRODUCTION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. The course on Public Administration/Management has following objectives: Understand the concept of public administration/ management/organization Understand the evolution of the concept of public administration and its importance Understand the role of government Understand the role and core functions of public manager Understand the structure of government /organizations Create understanding about the skills required by the public manager in imparting duties Understand the changing role of government and role of public managers. Importance of Course: The course on public administration/management is important as every citizen must understand the functioning of government. Besides, whether one works in private or public organization, or one is doing ones own business or whatever the profession, this course is useful as it helps understand organizations and their functioning. It also helps us understand the environment in which we are working. Introduction: definitions, concepts & setting At the end of lecture the students should be able to understanding: • The meaning of PA • The practice of public administration (PA) • Public administration as a subject of study • Definition of Public administration • Public administration, democracy and rights of citizens The Meaning The word ‘administration’ has been derived from Latin words ‘ad’ = to and ‘ministiare’ = serve and ‘Public’ =people...
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...opportunities for Pakistani entrepreneurs in vast Chinese market, Includes areas e.g B2B, seminars and workshops. It also provides opportunities for commercialization of products and processes, developed at CIIT and other research and development organizations and universities, participating in forum. Prof. Sohail Naqvi, the Executive Director of the Higher Education Commission also visited the Pak-China Business Forum 2012. After his visit he wrote the following email to all Vice-Chancellors and Rectors of Pakistani Universities: “Have just come back after visiting the Pak-China Business Forum at the Pak-China Friendship Center. Excellent exhibition. If you are in Islamabad, or even if you have to come here, do go and visit it. This is how Universities Build Economies. Congratulation COMSATS” This year PCBF2015 is expected to yield much bigger and better business deals and MoUs. The forum is scheduled to be held from 27th to 30th March 2015. The Venue for Pak-China business Forum 2014 is Pak-China Friendship Center, Islamabad. Partners: Following are the event partners: 1. Commission on Science & Technology for Sustainable Development in South (COMSATS) 2. Higher Education Commission, Pakistan (HEC) 3. Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) 4. National Testing Service (NTS) 5. Capital Development Authority (CDA) History: Why it is started? Pak – China Business forum (PCBF) was Started to link up and to promote/encourage...
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