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Policing

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brief History
Law enforcement is vital in the stability and progress of all nations. Thus, the conception of a unified national police was borne out of this premise.

Giving rise to the unification of the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police whose functions is symmetrical to ensure the safety and security of the people. Republic Act 6975 was signed into law on December 13, 1990 by then President Corazon Aquino which called for the creation of the Philippine National Police (PNP) and the reorganization of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) in keeping with the mandate of our constitution for a police force that is national in scope and civilian in character.

In response to the call for public safety and reforms within the organization, Honorables Teodulo Natividad, Blas Ople, Regalado Maambong and Rustico delos Reyes authored the provisions in the 1987 constitution calling for the creation of a police organization that is national scope and civilian character thus paving way to the establishment of the Philippine National Police (PNP).

The principal authors of the Republic Act 6975 entitled “An Act Establishing the Philippine National Police under a reorganized Department of the Interior and Local Government and Other Purposes” were Senators Ernesto Maceda and Aquilino Pimentel Sr, Congressmen Jose Cojuangco Jr and Rodrigo Gutang. They moved for the PNP's creation to professionalize the police force and make it susceptible to the plight of the general public.

PNP Constitutional Basis
Section 4, Article 2 of the 1987 Constitution provides that, "... it is the policy of the State to promote peace and order, ensure public safety and further strengthen local government capability aimed towards the effective delivery of basic services for the citizenry through the establishment of a highly and competent police force that is national in scope and civilian in character".

Section 23, Chapter III, of Republic Act No. 6975, "An Act Establishing the Philippine National Police Under a Reorganized Department of the Interior and Local Government", or otherwise known as, "The PNP Law".

Upon the effectivity of the law, after its signing into law on 13 December 1990, the PNP underwent a transitory period and on 31 March 1991, President Corazon Aquino named Gen. Cesar Nazareno as the First Director General of the Philippine National Police.

On 29 January 1991, at Camp Crame, Quezon City, the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police were retired and the PNP was activated in its place. The occasion drew mixed reactions among its peers, one of regret and another of hope that this newly established police organization will finally be the answer we have been looking for. President Corazon Aquino appealed to the Filipino people to keep an open mind and cooperate to make this work for a better nation. As she addressed the new PNP leadership, she ordered them to view the event as an opportunity for better service and a chance for professional growth.

The activation of the PNP did not effect the organizational set-up and staffing pattern of the force. At the HPNP, the Director General has ten (10) Directorial Staff namely: 1. Directorate for Personnel 2. Directorate for Human Resource and Doctrine Development 3. Directorate for Logistics, 4.Directorate for Research and Development 5. Directorate for Comptrollership, 6. Directorate for Plans, 7. Directorate for Police-Community Relations, 9. Directorate for Investigation and 10. Special Staff under him. In addition, there exist administrative support units, namely: Logistics Support Service (LSS), Computer Service, Finance Service, Dental and Medical Service, Communication and Electronic Service, Chaplain Service, Legal Service and Headquarters Support Service; and the Operational Support Units, namely: Maritime Group, Crime Laboratory, Intelligence Group, Police Security Group, Criminal Investigation Group, Narcotics Group, Special Action Force, Traffic Management Group, Police-Community Relations Group, Aviation Security Group and Civil Security Group. At the different regions, the 15 Regional Office were maintained and retained their original structural forces. The fifteen(15) REGIONAL OFFICES and their locations are as follows: REGIONAL OFFICE I - Camp Gen Oscar Florendo, Parian San Fernando, La Union; REGIONAL OFFICE 2 - Camp Adduru, Tuguegarao, Cagayan; REGIONAL OFFICE 3 - Camp Olivas, San Fernando, Pampanga; REGIONAL OFFICE 4 - Camp Vicente Lim Canlubang, Laguna; REGIONAL OFFICE 5 - Camp Simeon A Ola, Legazpi City; REGIONAL OFFICE 6 - Camp Martin Delgado, Iloilo City; REGIONAL OFFICE 7 - Camp Sergio Osmena Sr., Cebu City; REGIONAL OFFICE 8 - Camp Ruperto K Kangleon, Palo, Leyte; REGIONAL OFFICE 9 - Camp Justice R.. T. Lim Blvd, Zamboanga City; REGIONAL OFFICE 10 - Camp Alagar, Cagayan de Oro City; REGIONAL OFFICE 11 - Camp Catitipan, Maguindanao, REGIONAL OFFICE 12 - Camp Parang, Maguindanao; ARMM - Camp Salipada Pendatun, Parang, Maguindanao; PROCAR OFFICE - Camp Bado Dangwa, La Trinidad, Benguet; and the NCR- Camp General Tomas Karingal, Sikatuna Village, Quezon City.

The National Capital Region which covers Metro Manila is divided into five (5) Districts each headed by a District Director: The five (5) Districts are as follows Western Police District (WPD)- Manila; Eastern Police District (EPD); Northern Police District (NPD); Central Police District (CPD); Quezon City; and Southern Police District (SPD).

On August 1992, due to the adverse publicities about erring policemen in the service, the newly elected President Fidel Ramos sought measures to restore the people's faith by revamping the PNP. To prove his sincerity in cleansing the police force, Gen. Nazareno was relieved and transferred to the President's office. To replace him in acting capacity was Deputy Director Gen. Raul Imperial. This was on 28 August 1992.

Deputy Director Gen. Raul lmperial together with Secretary Rafael Alunan III of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) was given the difficult task to dialogue with the private sector and its personnel in line with improving the image of the men in uniform.

To complement these dialogues, the present leadership of the PNP suggested the reorientation of its men on value formation. Seminars were conducted to this effect. To make the reorientation more effective, the PNP vision was created which goes, "We are committed to the vision of professional, dynamic and highly motivated PNP, supported by a responsive community, regarded as one of the most credible national institutions and ranked among the best in Asia". With this vision, Deputy Director Gen. Raul Imperial challenged all PNP personnel to bring this vision into a reality.

On 28 October 1992, after the retirement of Gen. Cesar Nazareno, Gen. Raul Imperial became the second PNP Chief. This thought was short lived because he retired on 06 May 1993.

After a thorough revamp in the PNP, President Fidel Ramos appointed Gen. Umberto Rodriguez as the third PNP Chief on 06 May 1993. He was given the arduous task of upgrading the tainted image of the PNP and uplifting the morale and welfare of every police officer in the service. Gifted with talent, Director Gen. Umberto Rodriguez masterly guided the organization to what is has become today; all organization fully committed with sense of dignity, loyalty and total dedication ill serving the citizenry of the Republic. He retired on 08 July 1994.

On 08 July 1994, a very young officer was chosen by President Fidel Ramos to lead the PNP. A member of class '66 of the Philippine Military Academy (PMA), Director Gen. Recaredo Arevalo Sarmiento II vowed to continue what his past predecessors have initiated and urged the members of the PNP to help the government to fulfill its goal towards the Philippine 2000.

Under Director Gen. Sarmiento's stewardship, the organization, as it is done centered its attention in helping the country to move forward economically by maintaining peace and order, assisting the government in times of calamities and combating violence and lawlessness. He imbibed to the minds of the entire PNP personnel of their commitment to the entire populace through the POLICE 2000. It may not be a perfect organization but it is forever cleansing its ranks-to rid of the very few misfits who have tarnished its image. The PNP is currently intensifying its operations on "OPLAN PAGLALANSAG" in answer to the President's call to dismantle all existing private armed groups throughout the archipelago and "OPLAN PAGBABAGO" as the organization's way of religiously cleansing its force of misguided elements. Indeed, our police force have a great task ahead of them but with the people behind it, how can it fail.

With the affectivity of Republic Act No. 8551, "An Act Providing for the Reform and Reorganization of the Philippine National Police and for other Purposes, amending Certain Provisions of RA No. 6975", otherwise known as the “Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998,” the PNP was envisioned to be a community and service oriented Agency. As mandated by law, the PNP activated/created the Internal Affairs Service (IAS) on a national scope on 1 June 1999. It is an organization within the structure of the PNP and one of its tasks is to help the Chief, PNP institute reforms to improve the image of the police force through assessment, analysis and evaluation of the character and behavior of the PNP Personnel. It is headed by the Inspector General.

Modernization
The national government allocated Php 10 billion for the PNP’s Capability Enhancement Program aimed to enhance police services on the ground through the construction and repair of police station buildings and other facilities as well as the acquisition of other logistical needs such as guns, communication and investigative equipment. The PNP commissioned 500 new vehicles on March 2008, consisting of 100 prowl cars, 255 police utility vehicles, and 145 motorcycles, which were purchased under the PNP's 2007 Procurement Program. It will boost its existing 8,000-strong fleet that is used "for preventive patrol and police visibility operations." On top of these, the PNP also commissioned three newly-refurbished V-150 armored tactical fighting vehicles.

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