...2015). According to Cerrato (2013) diagnostic errors account for 40,000 to 80,000 hospital deaths a year in the United States and each misdiagnosis claim averages around $386,849. Patient misdiagnosis lead to patient harm and higher costs. A misdiagnosis case may involve a wrong diagnosis, a missed diagnosis, a delayed diagnosis, or a failure to recognize complications that change or aggravate an existing condition. Sometimes a doctor diagnoses one condition correctly but misdiagnoses another condition or fails to realize that there is a second diagnosis that needs to be made this healthcare issue negatively affect hospitals and medical offices financially. The financial management staff in the health industry have to carefully monitor, analyze, and calculate the budgets and monetary claims for multiple departments. Whether the business is a nonprofit organization or a for profit organization, the impacts would still be the same. Giving out wrong diagnoses to patients lead to medical malpractice suits, affect the quality of care, increases the cost of care and affects Medicaid and Medicare. All of the above impacts can cause an organization to have a bad reputation and possibly lose their accessibility to Medicaid and Medicare patients. Every effect causes a financial problem. A doctor and hospital can be held liable when misdiagnosis lead to serious injuries or delays treatment for life threatening diseases. Proper diagnoses from the start result in a smaller chance of medical...
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...personality disorders as some psychologists would like. Give an example of each of the following problems identified in your readings and explain how these problems could negatively affect a diagnosis. 1. Some criteria used for reaching a diagnosis cannot be observed directly. Subjective patient analysis has to take place in most cases so that the clinician’s cangain information about the patient’s symptoms that may not be immediately observable in the clinical setting. If this external subjective information is not gathered by the clinician a misdiagnosis may be made. Subjective data may include information about the patient’s personality, behaviors or a patient’s reactions to certain situations, symptoms that only appear in a specific environment and information that cannot be garnered directly from the patient due their inability or reluctance to speak with the clinician directly. An example would be a patient who presents with avoidant personality disorder fears might be diagnosed as having social phobia when they actually are experiencing a different disorder. Misdiagnosis may have serious consequences if appropriate treatment, therapies or medications are used. 2. Personality disorders can be similar to each other. There are several symptoms that overlap between different disorders in DSM cluster listings. The clinician’s personal observations may lead to misdiagnosis between one of these two disorders if the clinician relies only on information gathered in the...
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...Misdiagnosis in Healthcare Services Healthcare system is developing rapidly and continues to expand its coverage, services and expenditure in the public as well as the private sectors. Healthcare in India is expected to spend US 1.08 billion dollars on IT products and services in 2014, as four percent increase over 2013, according to Gartner. It is expected to reach US 276 million dollars in 2014, up from 266 million dollars in 2013 – with the consulting segment growing by 8 per cent. Despite massive growth in Indian healthcare industry, an alarming 98,000 patients die every year due to medical errors in the country, a top official in the National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers said. Prevalence of medical errors was still a matter of concern as it occurred in 2.9 to 3.7 per cent of hospital admissions, of which 8.8 to 13.6 per cent resulted in death, Dr K K Karla, Chief Executive Officer, NABH, said. According to a study, atleast one in every 20 adults who seeks medical care in a U.S. emergency room or community health clinic may walk away with the wrong diagnosis, according to a new analysis that estimates that 12 million Americans a year could be affected by such errors. Of those misdiagnosis mistakes, about 6 million could potentially cause harm, according to patient safety expert Dr. Hardeep Singh, who is the first to provide robust population-level data on the impact of the problem in outpatient settings. “What we say is, was there a missed...
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...psychology; however, the DSM-IV is not as precise for diagnosing personality disorders as some psychologists would like. Give an example of each of the following problems identified in your readings and explain how these problems could negatively affect a diagnosis. 1. Some criteria used for reaching a diagnosis cannot be observed directly. Diagnosing a patient is very difficult face to face depending on their problems and not being able to observe them you cannot gather all issues that need help/treating. If information about the patient gathered by another party or clinician it may be documented differently or some things may not be pick up on. All of this can lead to a misdiagnosis and worsening of the primary problem(s). A prime example would be autism. Many children have been misdiagnosed in the past because of some going by other’s general and/or comments about behavior. 2. Personality disorders can be similar to each other. There are several symptoms that can overlap with other disorders. These are so similar those misdiagnoses are very possible especially if diagnosis is dependent on the information from one source in one setting. Misdiagnosis of these symptoms is even more prone if the information is second hand. For example: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have some symptoms that are can cause misdiagnosis and mistreatment. 3. People with different personalities can be given the same diagnosis If it is a general diagnosis, yes. People who have different personalities...
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...Infectious Diseases: The Greatest Crisis of the world ____________ A Thesis Presented to The Division of The Arts and Sciences Voorhees College ____________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science ____________ Acknowledgements I am whole-heartily thankful to my Professors at Voorhees College for their tremendous effort in my maturilication through Voorhees College. Lastly I would like to acknowledge all of the people who had any hand in the completion of this thesis. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION * What are infectious Diseases? * Types of infectious diseases * Worldwide distribution of infectious diseases * * CHAPTER 2: THE LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH IS THE WORLD * Top Countries * Top Diseases * CHAPTER 3: MOST DISEASES ARE PREVENTABLE * Why are statistics so high * Minorities prevalence, morbidity, and mortality * How to prevent yourself from being a statistic * Understanding the emotional burden brought upon families who suffer from infectious Diseases * * CHAPTER 4: TRANSMISSION OF DISEASE: COUNTRY TO COUNTRY * Thorough testing while entering and exiting countries * Childhood and adult Immunizations * * CHAPTER 5: FOOD BOURNE PATHOGES * How do they affect America...
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...research given that research is never concerned with results or accuracy but with the acquisition of new knowledge. Researchers often employ the use of different techniques designed to serve the specific objectives of that particular research. The scientific method for instance uses experimentation to determine answers and provide new facts and principles. It involves creating topics, formulating hypotheses, gathering and analyzing data and then changing the hypothesis again; repeating the process until a concrete conclusion is derived. The challenge however, is that there is no guarantee of the same procedures yielding the same results. This is very common especially in the field of medicine where the same signs and symptoms of an entity may lead to different diagnoses. According to Locke, Silverman and Spirduso, 15% of all medical...
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...Discuss issues with the classification and/or diagnosis of schizophrenia. (8 + 16 marks) One of the main issues in the diagnosis of schizophrenia is the reliability and validity of it. One of the main diagnosis classification systems is the DSM which aims to help professionals to diagnose mental disorders such as schizophrenia. The other system is the ICD was developed by the world health association to collect health statistics from around the world. The problem with these is that they’re both based on assumption that mental disorders can be separated by the symptoms like physical disorders can be. However the issue with that is unlike physical disorders there’s no specific test for mental disorders like a blood test wouldn’t be useful in the diagnosis of schizophrenia instead it’s based on qualitative methods like interviews and observations therefore it’s harder to come to a defiant diagnosis been as things are more likely to go wrong. Goldstein tested the DSM for reliability using the current version the DSM-III by re-diagnosing 199 patients that were diagnosed with schizophrenia by the DSM-II. She found that 169 of the 199 patients diagnosed by the DSM-II met the criteria for the DSM-III too. Therefore she found good reliability for the DSM but also she found high levels of inter-rater reliability. Inter-rater reliability was relooked at by Mojtabi and Nicholson and they looked at unreliable symptoms as only one symptom is required if delusions are bizarre, they got senior...
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...Case conceptualization as defined by Erford (2010) refers to “How professional counselors understand the nature of clients’ concerns, how and why the problems have developed, and the types of counseling interventions that might be helpful.” Additionally, “A good case conceptualization should effectively link a client’s presenting problem to a treatment plan as well as provide the basis for tailoring treatment to client need and expectations” (Sperry, 2005). Sperry continues by stating that “The purpose of a well-articulated case conceptualization is to better understate and more effectively treat a client or client-system, that is, a couple or family.” Assessment is the preliminary process of case conceptualization, which according to Barlow & Durand (2003) and Nystul (2006) includes “intake interviews, test and inventories, behavioral observations, and relevant information gather from other source.” A thorough assessment is important in collecting sufficient information in order to understand the underlining issue of the client. Erford (2010) argues that “a good treatment plan requires an assessment appropriate to the client’s presenting concerns and a case conceptualization that includes an understanding of what the problem is, how it developed, and how to deal with it”. Who, what, when, where, why, and how should be addressed in the assessment process and are pivotal in formulating a comprehensive case conceptualization. An accurate comprehensive assessment is...
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...ADHD misdiagnosis a trend in commentary ADHD has become your dime a dozen catch all diagnosis in adolescence Understandably of course it's a money making machine between the cost of therapy, medications, and depending on the medication weekly to monthly blood draws. There's lots of money to be made off of people diagnosed with ADHD. More than that though, is that it's become sort of a trend. “Few topics have generated as much public concern as the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). According to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, outpatient visits for ADHD jumped from 1.6 million to 4.2 million per year from 1990 to 1993” (ADHD—Overcoming the Specter of Overdiagnosis. (2002). ADHD has become sort of a cat shot in terms of adolescent miss behavior. Many parents simply think that their child's not bad they just have a medical problem that has to be the reason. After a short drive to the doctor’s office and quick discussion with Dr. Don about how little Billy can never sit still long enough to do his homework and never listens to his parents when they talk to him. They walk out of the office with a giant ADHD labeled Band-Aid that they can slap over their child and all is well. However this isn't the biggest problem in the misdiagnosed use of ADHD. That’s not to say that ADHD isn’t an actual large scale problem. “Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most prevalent disorders of childhood and adolescence...
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...It is estimated that around 1 in 100 people will develop schizophrenia at some point in their lives, of which approximately 3 million live in the United States. Shockingly, 2.1% of African-Americans receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia, compared to 1.4% of whites. What accounts for this? Is it because African-Americans have a biological predisposition to schizophrenia? Is it because clinicians from majority groups either intentionally or unintentionally misdiagnose African-Americans due to their cultural differences? Or maybe it’s because of the fact that African-Americans have always been on average economically disadvantaged compared to whites. The reasons are most likely a combination of these factors, and others may exist. The idea of “racial schizophrenia” dates back to the 1960’s at the Ionia State Hospital for the criminally insane in Michigan, one of the nation’s most notorious insane asylums. During this time, the civil-rights movement was in full force. The author, Jonathan Metzl, researched the diagnosis of schizophrenia among many of the patients admitted to this hospital over the years. He also published a book about it called, The Protest Psychosis: How Schizophrenia Became a Black Disease. He discovered in his findings that many African-Americans during this time were admitted for armed-robbery, and property destruction, and considered insane, ultimately leading to a diagnosis of schizophrenia. These short court sentences were eventually turned into a...
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...personality disorders as some psychologists would like. Give an example of each of the following problems identified in your readings and explain how these problems could negatively affect a diagnosis. 1. Some criteria used for reaching a diagnosis cannot be observed directly. The DSM-IV has been criticized for diagnosing patients with disorders because of their reliability. A patient is diagnosed by a clinician based on the patient telling them their symptoms, when it is possible that the patient is exaggerating and this can result in a patient being mis diagnosed because the clinician may not have paid close attention to body language and actions from the patient. 2. Personality disorders can be similar to each other. A person can be diagnosed with one or more personality disorders because symptoms are related to one another according to the DSM-IV. With the symptoms of personality disorders being similar in nature to one another it does make it hard to diagnose a person with a single personality disorder according to the DSM-IV. 3. People with different personalities can be given the same diagnosis. Each person is different so therefore one person’s symptoms may not be the same as another person. The DSM-IV does not account for a person’s individuality. An individual’s personality affects how they react to different situations in life, this can lead to a misdiagnosis by a clinician, this is something the DSM-IV does not take into consideration. 4. Do you think that...
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... Table of Contents Introduction 2 Background 2 Define the problem 3 Literature Review 4 Problem Analysis 6 Possible Solutions 10 Solutions and Implementations 12 Justification 13 References 14 Introduction Attention to medical errors escalated over five years ago with the release of a study from the Institute of Medicine (IOM), To Err is Human, which found that between 44,000 and 98,000 Americans die each year in U.S. hospitals due to preventable medical errors. Hospital errors rank between the fifth and eighth leading cause of death, killing more Americans than breast cancer, traffic accidents or AIDS. Serious medication errors occur in the cases of five to 10 percent of patients admitted to hospitals. These numbers may understate the problem because they do not include preventable deaths due to medical treatments outside of hospitals (Vantage Professional Education, 2009). Background Medical malpractice is professional negligence that can cause injury which may result in death, substantial economic damages to the patient. Most cases of medical malpractice involve inaccurate diagnosis or misdiagnosis. There has been various and unfolding problems occurring in the United States domestic healthcare for many years. The most grave problem experienced in the healthcare industry is the suborn increase of medical errors in the healthcare industry...
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...Bipolar Disorder: Research, Controversy and Treatment Abstract Bipolar disorders are mood disorders that include one or more manic or hypomanic episodes and usually one or more depressive episode. Although the exact explanation of the onset of this disorder is not known, there are several different theories the may apply. A considerable amount of research is now being conducted to identify causes for the mood disorders. The diagnosis of bipolar disorder has led to many controversies as to whether the disorder is misdiagnosed, overdiagnosed, or underdiagnosed. There are also many different treatment methods streaming from medications such as SSRI’s to electro-convulsive shock therapy (ECT). Bipolar Disorder: Research, Controversy and Treatment Bipolar disorder has been a mystery since the sixteenth century and can appear in almost anyone. Bipolar disorders are mood disorders that include one or more manic or hypomanic episodes and usually one or more depressive episode (Varcarolis). Between the elevated and depressed mood episodes, the person may experience long periods of a normal stable mood. There are many different symptoms of bipolar disorder and each person may or may not act the same way, therefore, bipolar disorder has been broken down into different subcategories of bipolar I and bipolar II disorders. Although the exact explanation of the onset of this disorder is not known, there are several different...
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...ill mainly because of her misdiagnosis, not to mention the constrictions she faced not only in part from her husband who was a doctor, but also the dominating misogynistic view of the society. The narrator’s central goal in writing this short story is to blame the way women were treated in those times as well as the misunderstandings related to certain illnesses which the medical field misdiagnosed and ultimately patients did not receive the adequate treatment. The narrator asks the audience a few times in the beginning “But what is one to do?” (Gilman 14) which puts emphasis on the fact that nothing could be done at least not on her part. By all means Charlotte Gilman’s story is symbolic of all women from that era. According to Conrad Shumker “ “The Yellow Wallpaper" transcends its author's immediate intent, and my experience teaching it suggests that it favorably impresses both male and female students, even before they learn of its feminist context or of the patriarchal biases of nineteenth-century medicine” (Shumaker 589) which dominated those times. It was a patriarchal society, in which men were privileged to have an education, to be the breadwinner, and ultimately to make all the important decisions. In the long run all these attributes empowered men while on the other hand suppressed women significantly diminishing their role in society. According to Ann Oakley the most significant aspect of this story is about “how women’s problems are constantly individualized:...
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...9/30/2013 A disorder, condition, or myth? Bryan Crites | Psy200 | ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | Psy200 | ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | After reading the paper “Sit Still and Pay Attention, Children with ADHD” given to us in class, I continued to research on the internet, others’ views and theories on the over diagnosis or misdiagnosis of ADHD. To say the least, opinions on this subject are as infinite as the drugs or non-pharmaceutical (natural) treatments there are available for correcting it. The first hurdle that I see that needs to be overcome is to answer the debate over, is it a medical, mental, nutritional, biological, or otherwise unknown condition? The name itself can be confusing all on its own. Attention; this would lead one to think it is a mental condition. After all, doesn’t our attention span directly relate to how actively involve our brain is with the subject matter, or the lack thereof, that we are being presented with? Deficit; this refers to a lack of something, but what, attention? Could it be caused by a lack of primary caregiver involvement? This could be considered a psychodynamic issue. Multiply psychological studies have shown that infants and children need the daily and continual interaction of their primary caregivers for healthy development...
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