...allows the Federal Parliament to make ‘special laws’ for the ‘people of any race whom it is deemed necessary’. Essentially, this means that the Federal Parliament can enact laws that distinctively addresses or regulates the members of one race. In the Tasmanian Dam Case, Justice Brennan defines the word ‘race’ as meaning ‘people who regard themselves…as having a particular historical identity in terms of their colour of racial, national or ethnic origins’. The Expert Panel believes that this definition is outdated, as it doesn’t take into consideration scientific and biological factors. In the Hindmarsh Island Bridge Case, the High Court was divided on whether a law could be passed which adversely discriminated against Indigenous Australians or other races using this head of power. The unsettled nature of this principle means it is potentially permissible to pass discriminatory laws. The Expert Panel has recommended that this power be removed and that a new head of power is added in which allows the Federal Parliament to pass laws ‘with respect to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders’ and in their benefit....
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...members of each race possess characteristics specific to that race. However, racism is also defined by many activists as a system of advantage based on race supported by some form of institutional power. While the definition of racism is highly subjective and open to interpretation, I believe that people of Color (POC) in the U.S. can be racist regardless of how one perceives the definition of racism. If we interpret racism as racial prejudice, everyone regardless of skin color can be racist because anyone can have their own opinion of another race. For example, I can believe that all African Americans are poor criminals just as they can believe that all Asians have small...
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...backdrop of the belief system of "race," and battling prejudice today, includes understanding "whiteness" as the establishment of racial categories and why being white is superior. Whiteness is invisible on the grounds that whites are expected "not to have race". Being white would be regular and discussing "race" would mean discussing every one of the general population who are not white. The invisibility of whiteness is seen as a racial position of dominance. Western representation expresses that whites are overwhelmly and excessively transcendent, have the centra expounded parts, and above all are seen as the standard. Since they are the standard, they appear not to be spoken to themselves...
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...Nhung Le Ms. Rodriguez ETH/125 31 March 2012 Cultural Competence 1. Explore race relations in your community. What is the cultural/racial make-up of your community (For demographics of the city you live in search http://factfinder.census.gov/ , or other credible source)? Are you a member of the majority or minority racial or ethnic group in your community? What does it mean to be ________________ (your race) in your community? What does it mean to be ________________ (your ethnicity) in your community? How do community members treat you because of this? Do the leaders in your area represent community members like you? Do the local media (I.e. news, newspapers) represent community members like you equally and fairly? Are there racial/ethnic inequalities in your community? Explain. I explored the race relations in my community and the cultural/racial make-up of my community using 60135 is: Subject | 60135 5-Digit ZCTA, 601 3-Digit ZCTA | | Number | Percent | RACE | | | Total population | 6,007 | 100.0 | One race | 5,948 | 99.0 | White | 5,753 | 95.8 | Black or African American | 9 | 0.1 | American Indian and Alaska Native | 13 | 0.2 | American Indian | 7 | 0.1 | Alaska Native | 0 | 0.0 | Both American Indian and Alaska Native | 0 | 0.0 | American Indian or Alaska Native, not specified | 6 | 0.1 | Asian | 16 | 0.3 | Asian Indian | 0 | 0.0 | Chinese | 1 | 0.0 | Filipino | 5 | 0.1 | Japanese | 0 | 0.0 | Korean | 0 | 0.0 | Vietnamese...
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...Is the Australian government effectively making alterations within the Australian Legal System for the benefit of Indigenous Australians? Introduction The Indigenous Australian population consists of people of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent. Prior to European settlement in 1788, Australia was occupied by over 750, 000 Indigenous Australians who spoke 700 languages between them. However, the number of Indigenous people in Australia has transformed since the devastating impact the European settlers had on Australia’s indigenous Australians. They were exposed to new diseases and violent conflicts resulting in a significant number of deaths. Consequently, today Indigenous Australians make up only 2% of the entire Australian population. In 1788, the European colonists settled into Australia as James Cook enforced the doctrine of terra nullius because he believed that it was, ‘no one’s land’ during his journey around Australia in 1770. The cultures of the Indigenous Australians have changed over the past 227 years, as the European colonists of Australia caused very prompt changes to the Aboriginal society and the ways in which they lived. Whilst a number of alterations have been made to the Australian Legal System for the benefit of the Indigenous Australians, they continue to fight to have their rights documented and acknowledged by the Government and the people of Australia. This paper will evaluate the arguments...
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...majority through the political race back to 2005 at Newark. Two mayor candidate had ran to the position; James and Booker. Both of them were seeking for leadership, however in different community. In consequence, leadership they gained was different from each other in all three aspects; importance, scarcity. Power of influence was also used by both candidate. Those are, reward, coercive, legitimate and referent power. Leadership Importance For Booker, he was important to people, especially those who living in poor areas, because the changes he going to make can alter their standard of living. In the other hand, James also has a group that recognize him as important. Those are business owners who earning benefit by his urban area development. Development of new business and redevelopment of old area will revitalize their new business, and James was the Mayor who supported it. In consequences, Booker earned the dependency from people by giving them future expectation, while James giving his supporter actual tangible benefits. Scarcity During the mayoral race James created the sense of low substitutability of himself. He appealed he is the only one who can provide “experienced leadership”. Since he has a longest assumption as a state mayor, his experience is irreplaceable by new candidates. This was the key issue in the first election, because Booker was new to voters and there was no previous achievement he could for appeal. Influence power Reward power Xiaowei Brian Liu 2/20/2014 ...
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...The Era of Imperialism During the late 1900’s Europe decided it was in the nation’s best interest to expand their territory and bring inferior race’s under its control. The Europeans would not be the first to expand however they did go one step further, choosing occupied areas. Africa, Asia and the Pacific were three of the first areas to be conquered and permanently occupied. Industrial Revolution empowered Europeans in a way they hadn’t been empowered before; industrialization and technology changed the very nature of imperialism. The European’s possessed knowledge of technology and fire power that no one else could compare to. The Europeans felt that it was their duty as well as their right to progress the rest of human civilization by teaching them their own western ways. Because the Europeans reaped the benefits of profit and global power they felt as if they were justified in their actions. Regardless of how powerful the Europeans were, not everyone shared their views. People questioned their motives and claims of everyone benefiting from the European-style colonization. Eventually those who became subject to the Europeans, became aware of the own lost culture and ways, this began the protest of anti-colonial nationalist. Justifications of Imperialism “Something else is needed for France: that she cannot merely be a free country, that she must also be a great country, exercising all of her rightful influence over the destiny of Europe; that she ought...
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...problems. Critical race theory (CRT), acts to provoke change from macro structures by advocating...
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...off as defensive and contend that “you people” are the ones bringing it upon yourselves. The system is set up to empower white people since they are the majority and the ones holding most of the power. Peggy McIntosh’s article, White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack, exposes the problematic issue of white privilege, the daily struggles minority groups face, and how the United States must fix the system to truly bring equality for all....
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...The Declining Significance of Race: Chapters 1 and 2 Crystal Mehdizadeh The concept of metaphysical dualism has split American society into binary categories, the most prominent of such being the black and white. Speaking strictly from an economic standpoint, William Julius Wilson explores the fundamentals of racial strife and class subordination as products of monetary incentives. He argues that because, “race relations have changed so much in recent years...the life chances of individual blacks have more to do with their economic class position than their daytoday encounters with whites.” He believes that through programs like affirmative action, black people have been freed from constructs of race and now face discrimination based solely on class.In his delineation of race relations, Wilson states that different systems of production have imposed constraints on the way racial groups interact. So thus, when examining a production system and its lasting impacts, we must begin with its lifeblood, labor. According to Wilson, in a nonmanufacturing, or “plantation economy”, the labor market is controlled by a small aristocracy. In the South, this aristocracy controlled all social and political power. Whites who did not own slaves did not yield much influence. The primary goal of the aristocracy was to maintain a cheap labor supply, and as life expectancy increased, slave labor proved to be the best investment. This was in part beneficial to the poor ...
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...<<your name>> September 13, 2014 SWK207 “White Privilege: American Reality“ America is the land of the free and the land of opportunity. All men are created equal and can achieve the “American Dream”. These are the kinds of phrases one hears throughout life. Unfortunately, these words are misleading because not everyone has the same opportunity. Court documents from the Dred Scott decision state: “… people of African-American descent are a subordinate and inferior class that, whether slave or free, remains subject to the authority of the dominant and superior white race.” (Day & Schiele, 2013) The concept that we live in a land where all people are equal and success is achieved through hard work alone is nothing more than a myth. White Privilege provides a distinct advantage to white Americans over all non-whites simply by virtue of birth. White Privilege is like gravity, everyone feels the effects but you don’t see it. According to Eduardo Bonilla-Silva most whites believe that racism is less relevant in today’s society. Focus is placed on cultural differences as the reason why some people achieve more success than others. A closer look reveals that this idea still supports the status quo of White Privilege (Bonilla-Silva, 2001). White Privilege is so ingrained in American society that it is virtually invisible (O'Malley Halley, Eshleman, & Vjaya, 2011). The dominant American social values (Day & Schiele, 2013) while separate are still to some...
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...of life. Substantial racial disparities in key economic indicators and predictors of life quality continue to be a serious problem for the Pittsburgh area and the nation. This section summarizes recent data on: • • • • • • Homeownership Unemployment Occupations Income Poverty Transportation Pittsburgh’s Racial Demographics: Differences And Disparities 39 © 2007 University of Pittsburgh Section 4. Economic Disparities HomeownersHip Homeownership is an essential part of the “American Dream”. Homeownership provides many benefits to families, children, and communities. These benefits include wealth building, tax reductions, a source of equity for education and other major expenses, a stable residential population, and greater neighborhood safety. Although the number of minorities owning homes has increased over the years, the nation is still far from achieving racial parity in homeownership. Figure 4.1. Homeownership Rates by Race and Ethnicity, 2000 100 80 60 Percent 72 75 73 60 39 34 25 20 16 43 40 38 50 36 53 46 46 40 0 Pittsburgh City Allegheny County White Source: Appendix 4.1 Pittsburgh MSA Asian Hispanic United States African American • Homeownership is lower in the city of Pittsburgh than in the other geographic areas for all of the racial and ethnic groups. • Whites are significantly more likely than African Americans, Asians, or Hispanics to own their homes across all of the geographic areas. • In...
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...Furthermore, United States was able to recognize the weak nations that were unable to look after themselves in terms of government which helped United States acquire more land overseas as well as global power. To settle the Spanish- American war, Treaty of Paris was made which consisted Philippines annexed from the Spanish and bought for $20 million dollars. After acquiring Philippines, McKinley. McKinley was an imperialist president, who believed that nothing is wrong when it comes to acquiring Philippines. After the Spanish American War, the Philippines came to America and America was trying to help their nation by helping them gain a stabilizing government to help them progress. Also, they are not civilized therefore, helping...
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...began before the World Cup Rugby during his term in 1994. The significant of movie is shown in three parts which involved with Mandela’s life during he was the nation’s leader. The first part began with Mandela’s personal traits, which are Conscientiousness, Openness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Emotional stability. He has a leader behavior that can lead people to accept and respect him. The second part demonstrates how Mandela uses the potential leader’s power to manage the problems in the nation. He achieved his goal by using referent power in the right way. He can use the power to inspire people to follow his objective in term of bringing different races to become unity by using high effective tactics (Rational Persuasion, Inspiration Appeals). Therefore, Mandela attempted to use his rightful power to manage the nation’s rugby team “Springboks” in order to gain the team’s victory. Finally, the third part reflects Mandela’s leadership style, he achieved to influence and inspire people to accept difference in races in...
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...our mindset throughout history, and it affects how we interact with each other and how those who don’t share such advantages are affected. It’s a permeating factor responsible for many inequalities faced among races, widening the social gap between white and nonwhite Americans. Accessibility to education, jobs, and housing are all directly affected by societal inconsistencies of privilege and power. Ultimately, racism isn’t caused by white privilege; white privilege is caused by racism. Yet racism isn't a problem that resides in the minds of individuals; it lies rooted deep in our social institutions. It is necessary we reconstruct the societal ideologies of race and class to expel this self-perpetuating cycle. In this essay I will address these racial struggles for power and privilege, the role it plays in education, and my personal experience towards racism and how it has affected me as a person. Privilege, as defined by Websters Dictionary, is a ‘special right, advantage, or immunity available only to a particular person or group’. In that sense, privilege is in and of itself a direct opposition to equality. Alongside this privilege comes power-the ability to coerce another’s behavior-with access to social, political and economic resources. In systems of oppression, power accrues to those who most greatly resemble the mythical...
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