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Sift: A MAC Protocol for Event-Driven
Wireless Sensor Networks_
Kyle Jamieson1, Hari Balakrishnan1, andY.C. Tay2
1 MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory,
The Stata Center, 32 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA 02139 jamieson@csail.mit.edu, hari@csail.mit.edu
2 Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore,
Kent Ridge 117543, Republic of Singapore tay@acm.org Abstract. Nodes in sensor networks often encounter spatially-correlated contention, where multiple nodes in the same neighborhood all sense an event they need to transmit information about. Furthermore, in many sensor network applications, it is sufficient if a subset of the nodes that observe the same event report it. We show that traditional carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) protocols for sensor networks do not handle the first constraint adequately, and do not take advantage of the second property, leading to degraded latency as the network scales in size. We present Sift, a medium access control (MAC) protocol for wireless sensor networks designed with the above observations in mind. We show using simulations that as the size of the sensor network scales up to 500 nodes, Sift can offer up to a 7-fold latency reduction compared to other protocols, while maintaining competitive throughput.
1 Introduction
Every shared wireless communication channel needs a medium access control (MAC) protocol to arbitrate access to the channel. Over the past several decades, many MAC protocols have been designed and several are in operation in wireless networks today.
While these protocols work well for traditional data workloads, they are inadequate in emerging wireless sensor networks where the nature of data transmissions and application requirements are different. This paper argues that wireless sensor networks require a fresh look at MAC protocol design, and proposes a new protocol that works well in this problem domain by taking advantage of application requirements and data characteristics.We start with an example of a real sensor network.
Machine room monitoring. A fire in a basement machine room of the computer science building triggers a number of redundant temperature and smoke sensors to begin reporting the event. They all simultaneously become backlogged with the sensor reports and
_ This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant
Nos. CNS-0205445 and CNS-0520032. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
K. R¨omer, H. Karl, and F. Mattern (Eds.): EWSN 2006, LNCS 3868, pp. 260–275, 2006.
_c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006

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