...Gender, Class, and Race Stereotypes in American Television A Content Analysis Gender, class, and race stereotypes abound in contemporary society, much like they have done throughout human history. With the advent of television, however, stereotypical assumptions have become so pervasive, and so diffused, that some call for a serious and purposeful scrutiny of television's contents. On the following pages, various content analyses of television programs will be addressed, followed by discussions on the greater implications race, class, and gender stereotypes have on society. The research method most often used in studying media images is called content analysis. Content analysis is a descriptive method in which researchers analyze the actual content of documents and/or programs. By systematically counting items pertaining to a specific category, researchers are able to conceptualize a larger theoretical framework based on their observations of media content (Wiseman 1970). Content analyses of television programming show, that during prime time hours, men make up the vast majority of characters shown. Furthermore, women characters found during that same time frame are mainly in comedies, while men predominate in dramas. Thus, the implications are that men are to be taken serious, while women should not. (Tuchman 1978). Similarly, content analyses on soap operas reveal highly stereotypical representations of the genders. In soap operas, strong, willful women are predominantly...
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...meeting someone. Malcolm Gladwell explained that first impressions or spontaneous decisions can be just as important as decisions that are made carefully and planned out. According to Gladwell, people make better decisions with quick judgments than they do with a lot of analysis. Gladwell believes that the power of thin slicing is not just something certain gifted people can do, it is something that everyone has the ability do. Gladwell also explains that our first decisions or first impressions can be easily corrupted by our likes, dislikes, prejudices, and stereotypes. We are thin slicing all the time according to Gladwell. Throughout the book Gladwell gives us many examples and experiments that support his concept of “thin Slicing”. Some of these examples include; predicting divorce, speed dating, gambling, malpractice suits, movies, military war games, and music. One of the important things that I have learned from reading this book is how important the process of decision making can be as a leader in business. As a business leader making decisions can make or break a business. Making the right decision should involve experience, training and knowledge. Making the right decisions does not always mean that we have to spend hours trying to analyze data. In his book Gladwell describes the “dark side of blink” as the tendency in which our first impression can be influenced by our prejudices and stereotypes. To make good...
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...PS 102 Assignment #2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of the shortcuts we use in social cognition? Illustrate your answer with empirical studies. The majority of us care about what people think of us and nearly all of us care about understanding other people and their behaviour. Social Cognition is something that explains both these processes. (Fiske & Taylor 2013) Social Cognition is concerned with how we think about the social world and in particular how we select, interpret, and use information to make judgements about the world. (Sanderson 2010) Sometimes there is unlimited information available for an individual to make a life decision. This makes it time consuming and complex, causing people to take shortcuts to make decisions/judgements. On the other hand, there might be very little data available for a person to make a judgement about someone or a life decision. This would also lead to people taking shortcuts in social cognition. While these shortcuts are helpful in many situations, they can also lead to many errors and biases. In 1974, Tversky and Kahneman detailed heuristics which are mental shortcuts that allow people to solve problems with limited data and make judgements quickly. Heuristics are integral in daily life to save time and reduce the complexity of operations. An example of a relatively simple heuristic is reading the headlines of a newspaper on a busy day and deciding which articles to read. (Fiske & Taylor 2013) There are various...
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...perspectives. This is the purpose of many of his essays, each having their own problem or question. These essays raise the problems and issues First Nations people face that society may be unfamiliar with. Throughout his essays, he uses multiple logical strategies in his writing to support his arguments. Many of his essays deal with the concept of stereotyping. Taylor argues against these stereotypes and issues directed at First Nations people by using allusions, factual evidence,...
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...Regarded as a major barrier for cross-cultural communication, understanding culture difference is of signification . This essay will firstly introduce the study history and relevant definitions of international negotiation and how culture factors impact on negotiation style. Considering the gradual closed trade relationship between Germany and China and the commonly acknowledged differences of national cultures between them, this essay would firstly analyzes images of Germans for the general Chinese in a book, Die Langnasen . Further, it clarifies German negotiation style basing on analysis from Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory. We find out that some of German business behaviors from the theory don’t fit with our general impression as the book concludes. After discussion about the deficiency of the theory or possible stereotype of the book, we try to present a modification of the prevalent impression about German negotiation style, and give some suggestion about how to carry out a better international business negotiation with Germans. It may be possible to provide us a better understanding in successful negotiation process with Germans. Key words: International negotiation, German culture, German negotiation style 德国文化对其谈判风格的影响 陈舒祺 国际商务英语学院 2011级国际商务管理 摘 要: 随着跨国贸易的频率迅速增长，国际商务谈判技巧尤为重要。在影响跨国商务谈判的各种因素中，文化差异被认为是最大的障碍，因此理解不同文化的差异性显得尤其重要。本文将会介绍跨国谈判的概念及研究历程，以及文化因素如何影响谈判风格。鉴于中国与德国近年来贸易关系密切，双方又存在公认明显的文化差异，我们将首先分析《大鼻子》一书中呈现的德国人在中国人心中的典型形象,接着根据霍夫斯泰德的文化维度论，明确其谈判风格。我们发现，文化维度论中德国人...
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...Creating a Positive Professional Image |Q&A with: |Laura Morgan Roberts | |Published: |June 20, 2005 | |Author: |Mallory Stark | In today’s diverse workplace, your actions and motives are constantly under scrutiny. It is crucial to manage your own professional image before others do it for you. An interview with Professor Laura Morgan Roberts:- As HBS professor Laura Morgan Roberts sees it, if you aren't managing your own professional image, others are. "People are constantly observing your behavior and forming theories about your competence, character, and commitment, which are rapidly disseminated throughout your workplace," she says. "It is only wise to add your voice in framing others' theories about who you are and what you can accomplish." There are plenty of books telling you how to "dress for success" and control your body language. But keeping on top of your personal traits is only part of the story of managing your professional image, says Roberts. You also belong to a social identity group—African American male, working mother—that brings its own stereotyping from the people you work with, especially in today's diverse workplaces. You can put on a suit and cut your hair to improve your appearance, but how do you manage something like skin color? Roberts will present her research, called "Changing Faces: Professional Image Construction in Diverse Organizational Settings,"...
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...traits such as dominance, assertiveness and independence. In contrast, we have femininity in which advertising labels as passive, beautiful and co-dependant. These two images advertisers try to paint normalize the stereotypes of different gender roles. Different companies use different strategies to sell products and encourage consumers to part with their hard earned money. Advertising reinforces particular gender norms. Through an analysis of a case study of anti-aging cream aimed towards women, this paper will argue that all advertising fundamentally plays on dominant ideologies to make people believe that in order to be “normal” or “successful”, they must buy product X. In particular, it will focus on how dominant norms surrounding masculinity and femininity are encouraged. These norms suggest what is considered an acceptable male and female appearance. It will also focus in particular on gender norms which female attractiveness is above all else, while men are valued for their other characteristics. The following case study is on the analysis of women and the use anti-aging products. Growing old is a way of life, but for women in modern society it is a grim reality, the aging process cannot be stopped, but thanks to anti-aging adverts, it leaves the impression that the aging process can be slowed down. Today there are several...
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...that hiring processes and decisions are increasingly complex and challenging. Development Dimensions International, Inc. (DDI), offers a proven selection system called Targeted Selection® that, when properly applied, can produce positive results in a wide range of areas of concern to organizations, from turnover to on-the-job success and return on investment. Targeted Selection® incorporates the following concepts with the training necessary to apply them: > > > > > ® A BEHAVIORAL APPROACH TO IMPROVED HIRING DECISIONS (BASIC CONCEPTS AND METHODOLOGY) Organize selection elements into a comprehensive system. Apply effective interviewing skills and techniques. Use data integration to make the best hiring decision. Make a positive impression on applicants; sell them on the job and the organization. > > On the following pages are 21 common selection problems that DDI consultants have collected from observing more than 1,000 selection interviews. These observations, supported by published research studies (see References, page 19), have led to a better understanding of how interviews work and how different aspects of the interview affect decision making. In...
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...Article Analysis 1. a. From your reading from chapter 1 on “perspectives in psychology”, list and briefly explain the perspective this article would be classified as This article can be classified as sociocultural perspective. Sociocultural perspective basically describes how surroundings, such as society and culture influence our behaviors. Cultural background and the rules of social group and subgroup where individuals belong are significant factors that affect how they think and behave. Gaydar is skill to identify whether a person is heterosexual or homosexual by looking at little information about the person. The author thinks gaydar is developed through cognitive apprenticeship in the society. This author’s perspective would be classified as sociocultural perspective. 1. b. Based on the previous research summarized in the introduction section, concisely (briefly) summarize the main purpose(s) of this research study (conducted by Ambady and colleagues)? The main purpose of this research study is to find out if homosexual people can really identify another person’s sexual orientation. Many gays and lesbians say they can detect sexual orientation, but there is a common idea that we cannot easily tell sexual orientation just from appearance, so researchers try to examine if they have really the ability. There was actually another study that says sexual orientation can be precisely judged even with limited information. Therefore, another purpose is to examine whether...
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...Myplace: The Place for Diversity Multimedia Analysis University of Phoenix, Fresno, Ca Myplace: The Place for Diversity Multimedia Analysis Diversity has always been open to various interpretations. Richard Bucher (2010) points out that because we are all unique and different in our own way there is no one universally agreed upon definition of diversity. Historically, diversity has largely been defined in terms of race and gender. The definition that best sums up my understanding of diversity is that it is a reality created by individuals and groups from a broad spectrum of demographic and philosophical differences. The list of these differences is endless and apart from the major differences of race and gender, it also encompasses a myriad of other characteristics such as religion, marital status, political beliefs, education, military status, lifestyle, social class, appearance and personality. These differences can be visible or hidden as demonstrated in the Myplace: The Place for Diversity multimedia. A very small percentage of our diversity differences seem to be visible until you get to know the other person. Race, ethnicity, age, attitude or gender are dimensions that are visible to the naked eye. For example, a person with darker skin is different from a person with lighter skin color. The same applies to other blatantly obvious physical attributes like gender which allows us to pick out males from females. In the multimedia presentation there is Michelle...
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...Brandy S Shippy Mrs. Nyugen English 101 March 18, 2013 Visual Analysis “Chance Chanel” The Ad Chance Chanel, through the use of camera position, settings, and eye gaze usually conveys an idea about some aspect of society gender, age and body image. Chanel Corporations ads usually stereotype, but unintentionally reflect societal issues causing a negative impact on today’s culture. Camera positions are the most important because it contributes to the ad’s overall message. The life size bottle of Chance Chanel and the model embracing it was shot at a close up angle with a middle shot. The photographer chooses this technique because he wanted to emphasize the significance of the fragrance and also to imply equality between the model and the life-size bottle of perfume. The setting of this scene is on a white back drop, while a nude model wrapped in flowers, perhaps in her twenties, kneel with her upper body embracing a life size bottle of Chance Chanel. The young female is Caucasian. In the left foreground is the logo Chance Chanel directly in the middle of the ad is the life size bottle of Chance Chanel perfume sitting in the models lap with her embracing the fragrance with her upper body. The soft warm pink color and tone of the women’s skin sets the theme for sex appeal and elegance. The direct eye gaze that the model gives is significant to the ads meaning. This technique establishes a direct and explicit connection between its viewers and the life-sized bottle...
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...Crash. It is the perfect analogy of how we as a human race deal with life, people and our own experiences. Physical characteristics and racial differences may be interpreted as two distinguishing traits that separate us. I think it's what keeps us apart. That leaves several abstract questions that the film Crash illustrates. What are the origins of personal prejudice? Do individual experiences fuel standing stereotypes? Is it easier to perpetuate existing stereotypes because "things will never change?" Can people battle internal struggles within their own ethnic group? What prohibits us from overcoming these prejudices? The writers of the Crash managed to extend my viewing experience beyond the 90 minute film, thus forcing me to analyze my own prejudices and racial stereotypes towards others. I always thought that racism occurred as a result of a person's upbringing. If your parents were racist, there is a good chance that you will be a racist too. At first glance, Matt Dillon's character exhibits characteristics typical of this theory. Dillon exhibited a close bond with his father and later, we discover the roots of his racism. I naively assumed that Dillon was absorbing external cues from his father regarding his attitudes towards black people. It turns out that his father was not racist towards black people. It was Dillon who, in combination with his father's negative experiences and his own as a member of the LAPD, formed his own perceptions towards blacks. Another example...
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...Zamanzadeh, Fooladi, Azadi, Negarandeh, Manadi (2014) the term “Nurse” in Iranian language called “Parastar” is a word that evokes the image of a duty maid, household maid or low-income laborer. Nurses are seen as someone with limited or no educational background. This negative profiling of the nursing profession in the Iranian society has made it extremely necessary for nurses to redefine themselves in areas of specialized health care with the intent of improving their social status and public image. Another negative image of nursing is the flirtatious perception the public has of female nurses. Female nurses are stereotyped as slim, attractive and full bosomed, who wear tight knee length uniforms with high heel shoes. This readily creates the impression that female nurses are more interested in their physical looks than caring about their patient. However, despite some of these negative profiling mentioned above, there are also some advantages the image of nursing can be attributed with. For instance, nursing has a gendered and religious history which invokes ideas of duty and servitude which are always present and shape its professional identity. The profession...
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...The question to ask is “Where do these dreams come from?” and “What do these dreams mean?” Taking this second question, the implications of Rapunzel and Flynn’s dream impact more than just the world of the film. The Disney Princess films have been studied within an inch of their lives by a great number of scholars in a great number of fields. One common study takes the ideas of gender development and combines them with the Disney Princess films. However, the implications of gender do not stop here as gender identity can still be impacted as the viewers age. Interpretation of the princess films has been a huge aspect of their scholarly application as the behavior of the princesses, and princes, can be interpreted and compared with gender stereotypes and norms to assess the impact their portrayals can have on the viewing audience. The film Tangled is often seen as Disney’s take on a modern princess, and Rapunzel and Flynn have a great deal to contribute to both gender development study and media interpretation of gender. Gender development is a field of study which has been impacted in a number of ways by modern theorists and he field is continuing to be shaped by theories known as Queer Theories, as well as the changing demographics of the modern family. One thing that many of the classic and modern theories agree on is the importance of gender role models: whether or not modeling after these role models is conscious or subconscious is the topic for an entirely different paper in...
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...Chapter 3 Perception: What you see is what you get Adam Grant Dr. Mildred Charles Film Analysis April 10, 2014 About the Chapter The way we communicate relies heavily on our feelings about the world around us and how the world feels about us. These feelings can be greatly altered by correct or incorrect perceptions based on many factors. In Looking Out/Looking In, Adler and Proctor warn readers “we’re aware of only a small part of what is going on around us” (2011, p. 83). Chapter 3 of the book explores how a person’s perceptions are formed as well as how physiological, social, and cultural factors influence our perception of reality. The Perception Process is broken down into four steps: selection, organization, interpretation, and negotiation. Selection is what attracts your attention and things out of the normal are more likely to grab a person’s attention. These same abnormal things are easier to remember such as an abnormally tall or short person. After information from our environment is selected it must be organized. Figure-ground organization is a principle that describes something or someone that stands out to a person among a plethora of others items to notice. To help with organization we organize or classify people by their appearance, social roles, interaction style, psychological traits, and membership. These classifications affect how we perceive and react to people. These classifications lead to stereotyping and generalization of people. Punctuation...
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