...For the first half of the 20th century, China faced political chaos. Following a revolution in 1911, which overthrew the Manchu dynasty, the new Republic failed to take hold and China continue to be exploited by foreign powers, lacking any strong central government. The Chinese Civil War was an attempt by two ideologically opposed forces – the nationalists and the communists – to see who would ultimately be able to restore order and regain central control over China. The struggle between these two forces, which officially started in 1927, was interrupted by the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese war in 1937, but started again in 1946 once the war with Japan was over. the results of this war were to have a major effect not just on China itself, but on the international stage. Long-term causes of the Chinese Civil War[edit] Socio-economic factors[edit] Summary of Socio-economic factors In 1900, China was ruled by the imperial Manchu dynasty. The vast majority of the population were peasants. Their life was hard, working the land, and most were extremely poor. It was the peasants who paid the taxes that in turn paid for the great Manchu imperial court.It was also the peasants who faced starvation during floods or droughts, as their subsistence farming techniques often left them with barely enough to feed their families. The population in China grew by 8 per cent in the second half of the 19th century, but the land cultivated only increased by 1 per cent. This imbalance made famines...
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...Alex Hasson Professor Covington Intro to Politics March 12, 2015 The importance of Social Movements “A social movement that only moves people is merely a revolt. A movement that changes both people and institutions is a revolution.”(MLK) Social movements take on all kinds of forms throughout history. Social movements can be described by many things and are made up of different people and ideas. Social movements can have extreme impacts on an entire nation. Social movements take on many different form and have many different interest in what they want to get out of it. They can tear down societies and build new ones or create equality and change for others. While some movements don’t last long they put ideas in people’s heads and can create a whole new wonderful thing. Social movements are loosely organized but sustained campaign in support of a social goal. They are either trying to create a social change or stop one from happening. Social movements are not just a gathering of people in a crowd. This is due to the fact the a crowd cannot have single voice if it is not brought together by some type of leadership and will completely disburse if not held together by a strong centralized leadership with a common ideal. (Britannica)Social movements must have capable leaders. (Dobson) Grievances of people are a large way for a social movement to begin with a certain aspect controlling or causing grievance to people help motivate people to come together and make change to benefit...
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...Railroad”. After analyzing the book Harriet Tubman Conductor on the Underground Railroad by Ann Petry, one can start to pick out bits and pieces of the author bias. The topics that will be analyzed will be why the author may have used bias toward the North and will end with a short summary. One of the first ways the author shows her bias is when she talks about the North. The author states “All Harriet wanted was for African slaves to have as an equal chance as any other white person” (Petry 88). Petry might have included this text in her book because she too was an African American struggling to get her individual rights because she was living through the Civil Rights Movement. Petry also states “Harriet was now free and safe and could choose what she wanted to do with her life” (Petry 122), This quote makes the North seem like a paradise to runaway slaves but they soon found out it wasn’t as safe as they thought. The North was safer then the South but a new law made it hard for slaves to live in the North and this law was called “The Fugitive Slave Act”. This act allowed slave hunters to travel to the North and return runaway slaves back to the South to their rightful owners. In some cases Northern citizens would turn in runaway slaves because there was a bounty on the slaves’ head and the citizen would claim the reward. In the book Harriet Tubman Conductor of the Underground Railroad Ann Petry does a really good job by keeping the reader interested. She does this by starting...
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...|Cornell Notes | | |Lecture, reading/chapter/novel/article during |Name: Jaylyn Bercier | |class, power point, movies (if need to collect | | |info.) |Class: Mrs. MyerPeriod: ________ | | | | |Topic:____8TH grade history |Date: 46:20 | |_________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | ...
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...NGO Engagement with the Private Sector on a Global Agenda to End Poverty: A Review of the Issues A Background Paper for The Learning Circle on NGO Engagement with the Private Sector Canadian Council for International Cooperation Policy Team Moira Hutchinson January 2000 Acknowledgements: This paper was prepared by Moira Hutchinson as an introductory paper to issues for the CCIC’s Learning Circle on NGO Engagement with the Private Sector. CCIC is grateful to the IDRC’s Canadian Partnerships Program for funding for the Learning Circle, including the production of this paper. The author wishes to express appreciation for the editing and other assistance provided by Brian Tomlinson of the CCIC, and for suggestions from other members of the planning group for the Learning Circle: Andrea Botto, Anne Buchanan, Tim Draimin, Philippe Jean, Brian Murphy and Lynda Yanz. 2 NGO Engagement with the Private Sector on a Global Agenda to End Poverty : A Review of the Issues Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. What is this discussion really about? 2 3. Canadian NGOs: issues in advocacy, dialogue and partnership 3 3.1 Advocacy 3 3.2 Direct dialogue 6 3.3 Programming social partnerships and strategic alliances 8 3.3.1 What is driving the discussion of social programming partnerships and strategic alliances? a) Corporate interests b) Intermediary organizations c) NGO interests d) Government agendas e) Overlapping NGO-corporate interests? 10 10 11 12 13 14 3.3.2 Financial relationships...
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...Diary Entry Diary Entry #1 Today we have lost a legacy. Malcolm X was one of the greatest and most influential African Americans the world has ever known. He did so much to make us feel connected with our African American heritage. He would say the things we were thinking but were too afraid to say ourselves. He taught us to stand up for ourselves and our rights as black men. Who knew that a troubled young boy would become a powerful and educated leader? As a young trouble maker doing prison time, it was during his ten years in prison that he educated himself as well as introducing himself to the Nation of Islam teachings. After serving a couple of prison stints he even became a minister of numerous temples in Boston, Philadelphia and New York. He also started a newspaper titled “Muhammad Speaks” which touched on controversial views about his idea that blacks were superior. He became second in command to Elijah Muhammad but they butted heads and ended up going their own ways. Elijah stuck to his ideas of Nation of Islam, while Malcolm X focused on what true Islam taught. He felt that the Civil Rights Movement had the blacks begging the whites for freedom, and he was not a fan of begging. He instead advocated black power and black consciousness even if it resulted in violence. He had several famous speeches, including “Black Man’s History”, “The Black Revolution”, and “God’s Judgment of White America” (also known as “The Chickens Come Home to Roost”). These are the...
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...the Justices invoked the 5th Amendment, which held that people cannot be deprived of property without due process (Whittington, 2001). Since Missouri held that slaves were private property, the federal government had no right to take away Dred Scott from John Sanford. In summary, the Supreme Court held that Dred Scott was not a person, merely property, and property cannot sue before federal court. Impact of the Case and Importance for African Americans The impact of the Dred Scott Decision for both African Americans and the United States as a whole cannot be overestimated. For African Americans, the elimination of the Missouri Compromise, which temporarily allowed the federal government to regulate slavery in federal territories (like Missouri at the time), meant that they could expect to endure harsher conditions, and had their hopes for obtaining freedom reduced. The goal of the Missouri Compromise was to reach a balance between the citizens and states of the United States that supported slavery, and citizens and states that did not, an issue which was becoming explosive during the time Dred Scott’s case was being heard in federal court (Finkelmann, 2007). The Southern states tended to praise the decision as accurate by the Constitution, while the free, Northern states saw the decision as a travesty of justice. This continued to inflame tensions between slave states and free states, which culminated in a number of clashes such as the Bleeding Kansas incident, and the collapse...
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...Yellow Transportation case, the EEOC v. DHL Express case and the current top position hiring conflict in the NFL. To fully understand the issue of discrimination in the U.S. today, we must understand the long-standing history our nation has with intolerance. As unfortunate as it seems, our country was built with this notion of inequality. Slaves were brought over from Africa to work fields for wealthy or soon-to-be wealthy Americans. At the time it seemed like a way of life, though the reality is that it was extremely oppressive and today such an inferior take on differences in cultural background is considered unethical. In 1865 the 13th Amendment was passed abolishing slavery, although the Civil Rights Movement did not occur until the 1950’s lasting through the 1960’s. The Civil Rights Movement officially ended only 45 years ago. The oppression seen throughout America’s history is slow to change and the aftermath is still present, though great strides are being made toward equality. Today one of the most commonly occurring forms of partiality is seen in the workplace and geared toward race, color, religion, sex, sexual preference, national origin, age, disabilities or genetic...
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...problems are covered in other chapters, though it should be noted that at the local level, the boundary between chronic and conflict-related environmental issues is often unclear. Assessment activities The assessment of conflict-related issues was an integral part of fieldwork throughout the country. In addition, UNEP carried out a number of specific activities, including: Introduction Sudan has been wracked by civil war and regional strife for most of the past fifty years, and at the time of finalizing this report, in June 2007, a major conflict rages on in Darfur. At the same time, Sudan suffers from a number of severe environmental problems, both within and outside current and historical conflict-affected areas. UNEP’s assessment has found that the connections between conflict and environment in Sudan are both complex and pervasive: while many of the conflicts have been initiated partly by tension over the use of shared natural resources, those same resources have often been damaged by conflict. This chapter is divided into three main sections: 1. a conflict overview, presenting a summary...
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...The London School of Economics and Political Science THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE DEMOCRATISATION OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONS: From ‘Soft Power’ to Collective Decision-Making? Saif Al-Islam Alqadhafi A thesis submitted to the Department of Philosophy of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, September 2007 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without the prior written consent of the author. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. 2 Abstract This dissertation analyses the problem of how to create more just and democratic global governing institutions, exploring the approach of a more formal system of collective decision-making by the three main actors in global society: governments, civil society and the business sector. The thesis seeks to make a contribution by presenting for discussion an addition to the system of international governance that is morally...
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...The Nineteenth Century is the initial period of imperialism and colonialism Western capitalist countries. The French colonialists began the invasion in Vietnam through missionaries and trade. From the beginning, the resistance movements under the leadership of Vietnamese intellectuals revolted everywhere. Dong Du movement by Phan Boi Chau and Duy Tan movement by Phan Chau Trinh are two most prominent movement in that time, however, both of them are suppressed by the French. In 1930, Nguyen Ai Quoc, known as Ho Chi Minh coordinated the unification of the parties: the Indochinese Communist Party, Annamese Communist Party and the Indochinese Communist Union, into the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) with Tran Phu as the first Secretary General. In 1941, Nguyen Ai Quoc established the Viet Minh Front in northern Vietnam, and it fight for national independence. CPV headed by Nguyen Ai Quoc led the Vietnamese people and the Armed Propaganda Unit for National Liberation successfully led a general uprising to seize power, founded the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) on September 2, 1945. The globe-shaking victory of Dien Bien Phu in May 1954 put an end to the invasion the French colonialists and to the signing Geneva Agreement. In this period, Northern Vietnam named DRV, under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh, with Hanoi is the capital. South Vietnam named the Republic of Vietnam headed by Ngo Dinh Diem was established by the United States. In the spring of 1975, the patriotic armed...
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...Affiliation Abstract During the 1960’s, police officers executed arrests and dealt with problems in a way that greatly differ from law enforcement of today. This time frame involved racial riots, women rights, civil rights and important court cases. Mapp v. Ohio was concluded in 1961, and concluded that the fourth amendment applied to state courts and not just federal. Women achieved major milestones in the 1960’s, and Civil Rights were one of the biggest topics of the times. In the criminal justice field, a law enforcement official is expected to conduct themselves in a professional manner on and off duty. Part I – Policing Research Police Trends and Issues during the 1960’s During the 1960’s, law enforcement was completely different from what it is today. Officers were taught to handle situations in a way that would be illegal and in some opinions, morally wrong. When there was a riot, regardless of what is motivating the crowd, law enforcement officials would use excessive force and various, unnecessary tactics. People today probably wonder what made police officials believe that this type of crowd control was an acceptable response to any type of situation. Unfortunately, police officers were taught this in the academies and honestly believed that what they were doing was right. Also during this era, the first female officers came into play for law enforcement. In conjunction to females being allowed to be become officers, the first black police officer was hired in the 1960’s...
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...Street. Fire swept north to consume a warehouse and then to the Dallas Herald office-quickly engulfing Dallas’ entire business section.[1] Extensive media coverage of the July 1860 fires in Dallas potentially incited a heightened fear of slave revolts throughout Texas and promoted the formation of vigilante groups. Newspapers served as a medium to spread fear, rumors, and ultimately, panic and violence among white Texans. Yellow Journalism presented exaggerated headlines and stories that linked natural disasters and catastrophes to current fears of the day. The nation was undergoing a sectional split over the issue of slavery and white southerners were on the alert for potential slave plots and uprisings that were spurred by northern abolitionists and Unionists. The Dallas fires were just the sort of sensationalism that could garner increased support of anti-Union constituents and promote the Democratic Party agenda. Letters about the fires written by the Dallas Herald’s editor, Charles R. Pryor, originally published in the Dallas Herald, Houston’s Weekly Telegraph, Marshall’s Texas Republican, and Austin’s Texas State Gazette, were reprinted with additional commentaries and spread widely in newspapers throughout the state. The...
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...Prostitution. An age-old profession or an age-old problem begetting more problems? The United Kingdom is in the process of determining if and how to update or change its current laws regarding prostitution. In the midst of this determination, questions abound. Prostitution is no easy matter. In the age of women’s rights and the women’s movement, prostitution is a dividing factor. On the one end, it is the epitome of patriarchal abuse throughout centuries and perfected in our culture today. On the other end, it is a form of empowerment. And in between is the common person with his or her own take on prostitution as either abuse, a profession, or something a little of both. Alongside this culture of moral, cultural and legal uncertainty and to confound the problem is prostitution’s purported connection to international human trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation. Therefore, on the one hand, prostitution’s reason for being illegal due to immorality may be obsolete, but should it remain somewhat illegal or banned altogether because it is linked to another crime that transcends borders and cultures? The following is a discussion on the same, and in the end, it is hoped that some clarity may be revealed from a puddle of obscurity. First, a brief introduction will be given about prostitution and human trafficking. Second, the laws of the United Kingdom and international law will be reviewed and analyzed. Third, a comparative review of current legal systems and...
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...development agencies, grassroots organizations and scholars with a better understanding of how development policies and processes of economic, social and environmental change affect different social groups. Working through an extensive network of national research centres, UNRISD aims to promote original research and strengthen research capacity in developing countries. Current research themes include: Crisis, Adjustment and Social Change; Socio-Economic and Political Consequences of the International Trade in Illicit Drugs; Environment, Sustainable Development and Social Change; Integrating Gender into Development Policy; Participation and Changes in Property Relations in Communist and Post-Communist Societies; and Political Violence and Social Movements. UNRISD research projects focused on the 1995 World Summit for Social Development included Rethinking Social Development in the 1990s; Economic Restructuring and Social Policy; Ethnic Diversity and Public Policies; Social Integration at the Grassroots: The Urban Dimension; and The Challenge of Rebuilding War-torn Societies. A list of UNRISD’s free and priced publications may be...
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