...opinion, is not what makes us human biologically, but rather internally and cognitively. According to the dictionary, humanity is described as "the quality of being humane" and followed by words such as compassion, brotherly love, understanding, sympathy, and consideration. Is humanity an instinct, something we are born with? Or is humanity learned, taught, and projected? There are many things that we can relate to being human. Biologically, the DNA that lies within the cells that make up our physical body can tell whether we are human.We can also relate being human through cognition, which is the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge of understanding through thought, experience, and the senses, though it is compared heavily to chimpanzees. Compassion, another important aspect to solidifying humanity, is crucial to the discussion of human nature, and its relation to media is an overlooked factor that I...
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...still existing today and are we still evolving into another species? First of all, humans did not evolve from monkeys. Humans share a common ancestor with modern African apes (similar gorillas and chimpanzees). Scientists believe that this human related ancestor existed 5 to 8 million years ago. There after, these ancestor species were separated into two separate ancestries. One of these ancestries evolved into gorillas and chimpanzees and the other evolved into early human ancestors called Hominids. In other words, these common ancestors that separated over time, formed a number of distinctive species of hominid. Only one of the hominid species survived to become modern humans that we are today. Natural selection led the surviving species (hominids) into evolutionary change. The surviving species had certain characteristics to have greater survival than other species in a population and pass these transferrable genetic characteristic to their off spring. The rest of the hominids, including early humans, became extinct. They became extinct because they were...
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...STRATEGIC ORGANIZATION Vol 4(2): 201–211 DOI: 10.1177/1476127006064069 Copyright ©2006 Sage Publications (London,Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi) http://so.sagepub.com S O ! A P B OX E D I TO R I A L E S S AY S Why managers need an evolutionary theory of organizations Peter J. Richerson University of California–Davis, USA Dwight Collins Presidio School of Management, USA Russell M. Genet Orion Institute, USA Introduction Most observers have agreed that the theory of human behavior derived from the assumption of selfish rationality is inadequate to describe human behavior and human organizations (Rousseau et al., 1998). The issue is what other approach to theory building will provide an adequate theoretical toolkit for human behavior. We argue in this essay that evolutionary theory is the proper foundation for the human sciences, particularly a theory that includes an account of cultural evolution. This theory shows how the limited but real altruistic tendencies of humans arose by tribal-scale group selection on cultural norms followed by coevolutionary responses on the part of our genes. Our tribal social instincts in turn act as a moral hidden hand that makes human organizations possible. We introduce this theory and describe some implications of it for strategy and organization. In effect, managers want to control the cultural evolution of organizations so as to make them perform better. Understanding the tribal roots of our social instincts and the dynamic properties...
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...1. The creationist believes that God created the Earth and all life on it. Creationist also believes that God did this in a single creative event. Creationist supports their argument using the bible. An example is Genesis 1:1 In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. The belief systems state that all forms of life existing today were created by the actions of God. Another example is that organisms are created by God and can't produce new forms of organism - only God can do this Evolutionism is the belief that Earth was created in a big bang. The theory of evolution is a philosophical perspective that stems from an atheistic worldview. In 1859 Charles Darwin speculated the idea that how land mammal can turn into a whale. That hypothetical example was used by North American black, which were known to catch insects by swimming in the water with their mouths open. Another example of which Evolutionism believes I that organism can change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioural traits. 2. Scientist claims that dinosaurs lived on this earth over a million years ago. The scientist also thinks that dinosaurs were formed by a different mammal. For example, there believe that amphibian changed into dinosaurs....
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...Primatology is the study of primates which enables modern day humans to study and understand different primates and their adaption behaviourally and anatomically to the environment (Ember et al. 2011:86). Primatology also allows modern humans to study the behavioural and anatomical features that are distinctly human (Haviland et al. 2012:53). Homo sapiens share more than 98% of their DNA with chimpanzees and slightly less with great apes, although there is such a huge DNA shared we are not the same but there are similarities between the two. The following essay is aimed at discussing the similarities, differences and behavioural differences that are present between Homo sapiens and the present day primates. Primates are very diverse group of animals and possess features which are common within the group (Haviland et al. 2012:53). One of the common characteristics among all primates is the ability to grasp objects due to their opposable thumbs that modern primates have developed in the past year which allows more precise and powerful grip (Ember et al. 2011:88-89). Primates have well developed vision because a large portion of their brains is devoted to vision than smell, which allows than to see things better than humans and all primates give birth to live and developed young which in turn have a longer dependency period on their parents in comparison to other animals (Ember et al. 2011:89). Life expectancy of primates is very high and primates have larger brains compared to...
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...influenced man and vice-versa. What is philosophy and why is it necessary that we provide the philosophy account of man? The challenge here and the probable answers to the question raised rest on our ability to understand and correctly define first what philosophy is and from there we proceed to give reasons why it must be built on some foundation of man, in this case a philosophic account (foundation). Philosophy most time deals with the probe into the essential nature of things. Based on approach, philosophy can have different definition. To understand that which is philosophical, we must first appreciate what ‘philosophy’ is before explaining the attitudes that derives from it, which is the ‘philosophical’. The term philosophy is derived from two Greek words, ‘Philo’ which means ‘Love” and ‘Sophia’ which means ‘Wisdom’. Thus, literally, ‘philosophy’ is ‘love of wisdom’. Love is a feeling in the head or in the heart that makes us depending on who we are and who we are relating with. My love feeling for example towards my dog would not be the same love feeling to my siblings neither will it be the same with that for my parents and in particular that for my mother. The point here is that we cannot appreciate that which is philosophical if we only limit ourselves to the etymological definition of the word philosophy. Perhaps we may know what wisdom is and from there infer that whatever is philosophical must have something to do with wisdom and if it is so, then philosophy can only...
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...many reasons why science and religion are in conflict because, some have Christian views and feel as though we got here by God, and then you have those that believe we got here through what many of have learn as evolution; this is we got here based on what scientific evidence has left behind for scientist have found. This reading will simply explain the following premises: the nature of science evolution and paleoanthropolgy, and the views of Christians. Using Karl Popper’s method of disconfirming I will explain how I feel science, “The use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process,” (NAS, 2008)) and religion, “The service and worship of God or the supernatural; commitment or devotion to religious faith or observance (“Religion”), do not conflict. From apelike ancestors, human evolution is the process of change by which people originated from ("Introduction to Human Evolution | The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program",). Based on Merriam-Webster 11th ed., “Evolution is the historical development of a biological group; and a theory that the various types of animals and plants have their origin in other preexisting types and that the distinguishable difference are due to modifications in successive generations. Evolution forms vary from animal, plant and human evolution; scientific evidence shows that we as humans are primates, evolving from apes, chimpanzees, and gorillas...
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...Biff Eddington Anthropology 4467 24 April 2011 What is life history theory? What is a primate life history pattern? What is the relationship between brain size and life history? Life history theory is a branch of biology that analyzes the selective forces that have managed the evolution of the schedule and duration of key events in an organism’s lifetime related to investments in growth, reproduction, and survivorship (Bogin, O’Rourke and Stinson 547). The reason that there are differences between major events in species related to growth, maintenance, and reproduction is because each species employs different evolutionary strategies to increase reproductive fitness. Each species has a unique life history; this is a pattern of how it distributes its finite energy between five different phases: Growth, development, raising its young, staying alive, and reproduction. The assumptions that underlie life history theory are not complicated, but are simple and impactful: There is limited time and there is limited energy, so this energy must be distributed among growth, reproduction, and survivorship recognizing the trade-offs that cannot be avoided. Primates have a unique life history pattern that is different from other orders of mammals. Relative to other mammals primates have: a longer gestation period, fewer offspring overall, more care given to each individual offspring, infants that are born developmentally advanced, a longer period of parental dependency, a strong...
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...purposes based on one’s physical appearance and differences. (Priest, Robert J.2007) Many do not realize this. Most people do not know that race is a social reality, they believe that it is a biological reality. The way race should be seen is that is just plainly does not exist. The human species evolved from the people in Africa. The migrated to different parts of the world and the geographical environment causes us to have varies physical traits. These differences in appearance are due to mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift (Fisher, Jefferson1995). Because the environments where drastically different in these geographic regions, the human traits changed for...
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...Interview Paper The creationism-evolution debate has been on since men exist. It has a long history. In response to conclusions developed by evolution scientists, creationism scientists usually refute the legitimacy of their ideas that are opposite to the text of the Bible. There are many aspects that people would argue about. In this course, we focus on the origin of life. The purpose of this course is to provide a firm foundation for a consistent biblical worldview. After this course, we are supposed to give a correct and persuasive answer to anyone who asks why to believe that God created the universe. You cannot deny how much people are influenced by the evolutionary teaching in public school, on television, at museums… It is important to know where we came from and how we came here. We should all have a good understanding of origins from a biblical perspective of creation. At the beginning of the course, we were asked to interview at least three friends with questions of origins. I interviewed two Christian friends and one evolution friend. Both of the Christian friends absolutely believe in the Bible. They hold the same view that God created everything. In contrast, the evolution friend, who goes to public school, believes that human beings were not created by God. They answered my questions totally differently. The first question is how long the days are in Genesis 1 and why. Both Christians said one day was 24 hours long because it is clearly stated in the Bible...
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...Infosys: Company Profile About Infosys: Infosys Limited was started in 1981 by seven people with $250. Today, Infosys is global leader in "next generation" IT and consulting, with revenues of $6.04 billion. Infosys defines, designs and delivers technology enabled business solutions that help Global 2000 companies in Building Tomorrow’s Enterprise. Infosys provides a comprehensive range of services by leveraging our domain and business expertise and strategic alliances with leading technology providers. Infosys service offerings span business and technology consulting, application services, systems integration, product engineering, custom software development, maintenance, re-engineering, Independent Testing and Validation, Business Process Outsourcing, and IT infrastructure services. Infosys pioneered the Global Delivery Model (GDM), which emerged as a disruptive force in the industry leading to the rise of offshore outsourcing. The GDM is based on the principle of taking work to the location where the best talent is available, where it makes the best economic sense, with the least amount of acceptable risk. Infosys has a global footprint with 64 offices and 63 development centers in US, India, China, Australia, Japan, Middle East, UK, Germany, France, Switzerland, Netherlands, Poland, Canada and many other countries. Infosys and its subsidiaries have 130,820 employees as on March 31, 2011. Establishment: Infosys was founded on 2 July 1981...
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...Infosys: Company Profile About Infosys: Infosys Limited was started in 1981 by seven people with $250. Today, Infosys is global leader in "next generation" IT and consulting, with revenues of $6.04 billion. Infosys defines, designs and delivers technology enabled business solutions that help Global 2000 companies in Building Tomorrow’s Enterprise. Infosys provides a comprehensive range of services by leveraging our domain and business expertise and strategic alliances with leading technology providers. Infosys service offerings span business and technology consulting, application services, systems integration, product engineering, custom software development, maintenance, re-engineering, Independent Testing and Validation, Business Process Outsourcing, and IT infrastructure services. Infosys pioneered the Global Delivery Model (GDM), which emerged as a disruptive force in the industry leading to the rise of offshore outsourcing. The GDM is based on the principle of taking work to the location where the best talent is available, where it makes the best economic sense, with the least amount of acceptable risk. Infosys has a global footprint with 64 offices and 63 development centers in US, India, China, Australia, Japan, Middle East, UK, Germany, France, Switzerland, Netherlands, Poland, Canada and many other countries. Infosys and its subsidiaries have 130,820 employees as on March 31, 2011. Establishment: Infosys was founded on 2 July 1981...
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...A lot of children, like my nephew, begin learning and speaking Dutch only when they enter school. In a couple of years my nephew will start his school life; will the change of knowing not one, but two languages in this young age change his way of thinking? According to Paul Bloom and Frank Keil it might. In their paper Thinking through language (2001) they look at several views and discuss the relation between language and thought, in particular, whether language influences thought. Some say language does not affect your thoughts while others do say that the language you learn has a profound influence on how you think. Theories At first Paul Bloom and Frank Keil make a distinction between theories of the claim language-affects-thought. The first distinction is about three positions. One can believe in language-general effects, in language-general and language-specific effect and one can believe in that neither of these effects exists. The second distinction is about the aspect of language that are said to matter, especially between words and syntax. Some scholars argue that the specific words that a language has, determines how our minds break reality into different chunks. Others propose that our thoughts coalesce into larger complexes through the way syntax puts words together. A third distinction concerns the assumed size of the effect of language. Language can be seen as having mild effects on some...
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...Disease is also one of the main concerns regarding exotic pets that can affect everyone. Exotic animals are attractive and wonderful creatures, but they are dangerous when people turn them into pets and raise them in captivity for that reason they should never be pets. Exotic animals do not make good pets as they require especial care that cannot be provided when they are raised in captivity. They are wild animals that deserve to be free, and not caged in small cages. Taking care of all the necessities these animals need would be impossible as they are not being raised on their natural habitat, and this is not only cruel but also abusive because it causes stress to the animals. Dr. Jennifer Conrad is the veterinarian that started the paw project, and in her documentary she brings to light the truth about declawing not only exotic cats but domestic cats as well. Declawing cats cripples them for life, and the cats are in constant pain. Dr. Conrad states on her...
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...PART I: CHAPTER OUTLINE I. What is Culture? A. Culture and Human Intelligence B. Culture, Nation, and Society II. The Components of Culture A. Symbols B. Language 1. Language and Cultural Transmission 2. Is Language Uniquely Human? 3. Does Language Shape Reality? C. Values and Beliefs 1. Key Values of U.S. Culture 2. Values: Inconsistency and Conflict 3. Values in Action: The Games People Play A. Norms 1. Mores and Folkways 2. Social Control A. "Ideal" and "Real" Culture B. Material Culture and Technology C. New Information Technology and Culture I. Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life In One World A. High Culture and Popular Culture B. Subculture C. Multiculturalism D. Counterculture E. Cultural Change 1. Cultural Lag 2. Causes of Cultural Change A. Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativity B. A Global Culture? I. Theoretical Analysis of Culture A. Structural-Functional Analysis B. Social-Conflict Analysis C. Sociobiology I. Culture and Human Freedom A. Culture As Constraint B. Culture As Freedom I. Summary II. Key Concepts III. Critical-Thinking Questions IV. Applications and Exercises V. Sites to SeePART II: LEARNING OBJECTIVES * To begin to understand the sociological meaning of the concept of culture * To consider the relationship between human intelligence and culture...
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