Premium Essay

Wrangles

In:

Submitted By ewaiya
Words 1327
Pages 6
6.0 INTERNATIONAL TRADE FINANCE

Learning Objectives:

At the end of the subject coverage learners should be able to: • Explain the ways in which international trade is undertaken, settled and financed; • Identify the types of customers engaged in international trade and their needs; • Explain the features and benefits of services provided by banks and other financial institutions in facilitating international trade; • Explain international payment systems and regulations that are in place and the procedures adopted.

CONTENTS

1. Introduction to International Trade Finance • The meaning of international trade. • Major parties in international trade. • Reasons for international trade. • Advantages of international trade. • International trade barriers. • The role of banks and financial institutions in international trade.

2. The Foreign Exchange Market • The meaning of foreign exchange market. • Participants in the foreign exchange market. • Functions of foreign exchange market. • The mechanism of foreign exchange transfer. • Relationship between foreign exchange market and money market. • Systems and procedures for inter bank foreign exchange trading.

3. Exchange Rates • Definition of exchange rate. • Spot exchange rate. • Forward exchange rate. - Premium, Discount and Par. - Adjusting the spot rate. • Direct quotation and forward rates. • Indirect quotation and forward rates. • Factors that influence changes of foreign exchange rates. - Medium, long-term movements. - Short

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Danone's Wrangle with Wahaha

...Danone’s Wrangle With Wahaha Isabella Tennant – 300276839 Danone began in Spain as a small yoghurt stand. It was successful, becoming the first industrial manufacturer of yoghurt. The Danone business kept expanding globally, having a presence in all continents. Danone began to sell many different products early on. In 1997 the Danone group decided to focus only on three worldwide business lines. These were Fresh Dairy Products, Beverages, Biscuits and Cereal Products. This focus meant that Danone’s human and financial resources were freed up allowing for swift expansion into new markets in many continents, such as Asia. Danone faced challenges while operating in China due to a lack of market knowledge, such as the challenges with Robust. Robust, the second largest company in the Chinese beverage industry was purchased by Danone in 2009. Once purchased, Danone decided to manage Robust directly instead of using the original management. The new management was not familiar with the Chinese Beverage Market and Robust struggled, resulting in its milk and tea products almost disappearing from the markets. Wahaha was a company established by Zong Qinghou in 1987 that sold a nutritional drink for kids. A joint venture was formed in 1996 between Danone Group and Wahaha Group. The structure of the joint venture (JV) consisted of three participants: Hangzhou Wahaha Food Group, Danone Group and Bai Fu Qin (Baifu). The Wahaha Group owned 49% of the shares. Whereas, the Danone Group...

Words: 990 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Stakeholders Claims and the Product Market

...have prosperous dealings. Examples of shareholders in a business include stakeholders themselves, staffs, associates and stockholders. The focus of this paper will be a review of relations between stakeholder prerogatives and the product market (Bourne, 2009). Additionally, stakeholders refer to the groups of people that influence the routine actions of the business and those that the business shakes. Most importantly, stakeholders encompass the society, dealers, customers, trade unions and other organizations which affect the business integrates. Regardless, of the nature of stakeholders involved in any business or company, there should be close integration of the major shareholders in business activities so as, to avoid imminent wrangles about the management of the company. The conception of stakeholder claims is that every shareholder possesses something that they desire from the Company or posedefinitewants from the organization they have affiliations. For instance, stakeholdersproclaim dividends; personnelassert recompense and indemnification; consumersemphasizevalue, auspicious, prices and perpetual supply (Buchholtz, 2011). The presumption is that only stakeholders that controlunswervingeconomichazards should have totalentitlements to affect verdicts and guidelinesassumed by the firm. Stakeholder claims most absolutely upset the undertakings of the firm and this encompass the product market. One of the complications...

Words: 1662 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Conflicts How to Solve Conflicts in a Work Place

...Managing conflict Name Institution Thesis Management of conflicts, power, and politics focuses majorly on the interpersonal processes the affect the decision-making by the managers. It may also entail the organizational way of change and adaptation of their immediate environment. It includes the capacity to influence the behavior of others in a relationship involving two parties like groups, organization, or even countries. Organizational politics is the process of one person exerting more influence over another in the relationship acted on daily forum of an organization. Conflict management is a common phenomenon in organizations (Rainey, 2009). Managing conflict aims at lessening the interdependent between the conflicting groups. It can involve physical separation of the conflicting parties. Physical separation buffers the creation of the inventory between the units of workflow making it less independent and reduces conflict. Generally, conflict is unending in any society where people live together. Introduction Many people and organization wish to compete peacefully with their market competitors, family members, and organizational departments. However, conflicts are inseparable from persons they form part of our daily living. Conflicts are the long live Methuselah and were present even in the beginning between the two brothers that is Cain and Abel. The term conflict has no definite meaning but scholars who are interested in studying it...

Words: 2936 - Pages: 12

Free Essay

Why Can't We Be Good?

...PHI 106 Assignment #1 Why Can’t We Be Good? “Our society simply has no generally acceptable solution to the ethical dilemma of abortion. So here is a test for us. This is ethnics. We are in front of a painful and Momentous question of right and wrong. How shall we try to think - to think, and not just wrangle - about it?”(“Why Can’t We Be Good?”, pg.63) I believe that everyone has an opinion about a certain situation whether it’d be right or wrong. Giving an opinion about a certain subject brings out the emotions that a person feels. Morality is another word for someone’s opinion about what is right or wrong and it goes back to what a person feels. For instance, many people discuss abortion and whether the solution harms the fetus or not, no one is sure. My opinion about abortion is that it is a form of murdering and lessens the value of human life and can cause long term damage to women or health risk. People who are pro-life consider abortions to be inhumane and believe they should be outlawed. As, viewed by people who categorize themselves as pro-life, it is seen as the murder of an innocent life. Plus, abortion lessens the chance for adoption if the child is born and sadly women that choose abortion usually do not have the financial resources to support the child. There are also, other safer forms of birth control. But I also, believe that in any situation if a woman is raped or abused, she should have the rights to do an abortion is that is the only...

Words: 391 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

How Europe Underdeveloped Africa

...Ryan Nowlin Professor’s name Course name Date due Thesis statement Europe underdeveloped Africa economically through their colonization of Africa and through the slave trade Introduction The current underdevelopment in Africa has been one of the biggest concerns facing the economists today. One of the reasons for such underdevelopments is the history of colonial exploitation and extraction and the slave trade. Empirical evidence shows that the underdevelopment has historical connections to the European colonisation (Rodney, 45). This paper analyzes how slave trade and colonisation led to underdevelopment of Africa. Analysis The Europeans invaded Africa at a time when the continent was endorsed with a lot of natural resources, which were still not yet exploited. When they started colonising the continent, they exploited these resources and send them back home to develop their continent. They made very little efforts to develop the African continent. This left the continent prone to underdevelopment due to the exploitation of the resources without any meaningful investment. Moreover, slavery and the slave trade led to a decreased number of people in the continent. The strong men from Africa were captured and sold for slave trade to work in the European farms. This left Africa with no people to work in the farms and the small industries. In fact, research by some scholars shows that population in Congo reduced by over 50%...

Words: 1932 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Leadership Experience

...Leadership experience Introduction Management is a vital process in the smooth running and operation of a company or organization. It is in the management level that a clear vision and mission of a company is set (Holan & Phillips, 2002). Leadership and management are therefore essential in achieving organizational goals and objectives. The Riverside Pediatric Associates case is common in companies and entities that fail to fit into the dynamics of an expanding work place. Human population is constantly increasing and so are clients of a once best rated health facility. However, the changes of the Riverside pediatric facility are not in conformity with the fast increasing demand for medication. Worse still are the incongruities of management and leadership at the facility leading to a mess of situation. Doctor’s roles have been inflected and assumed the roles of administrators; fields which they have no glimpse of or even knowledge of how management of a hospital is run for a dynamic society. The effect is devastating as patients’ demands are neglected. The doctors, also feel unhappy about their job, and so the whole system comes down crumbling due to the rot in the leadership and management of the facility. To reverse the trend, drastic and deliberate changes have to be effected in the leadership and management of the facility. In this assertion, the whole range of management, leadership and administrative principles of a company or organization have been discussed. More...

Words: 2136 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Bureaucratic Organization

...Bureaucratic Organization Name: Course Instructor’s name: Name of the institution: Date: Contents Introduction 3 How bureaucratic organization leads to efficient execution of complex tasks 3 How bureaucratic organization leads dysfunctions in organizations 5 Bureaucratic organization in the modern society 7 Conclusion 8 References 9 Bureaucratic Organizations Introduction In many organizations today in the corporate world, there has been a significant implementation of what is referred to as bureaucratic organization for various reasons. Chand (2014) defines a bureaucratic organization as a form of management that tends to implement pyramidal command structure. The pyramidal command structures are applied in several instances. For example, in a case of decision making, all the pyramidal command structures must be involved where each department or departmental head must ascent to a given decision. Additionally, it is worth noting that bureaucratic organizations exhibit a high degree of the organization concerning how various operations are handled and executed. Looking at organizations that practice bureaucratic leadership and management key features can be deciphered. For instance, there is the presence of very rigid and tight policies, procedures, and constraints that characterize the organization operations. Additionally, the organization in most of the instances appears to be very reluctant to changes or exhibit difficulties in...

Words: 1920 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Religion-Wearing of Religious Garments

...professionals of various ethnic groups, and got to know their families through social occasions. More recently my home town was selected for the relocation of refugees from Serbian Kosovo conflict. Most of the refugees have made Baltinglass their permanent home; subsequently their children attend local schools. All of them are of the Muslim persuasion. I have observed some of the teenage girls practice the tradition of covering their hair. It has not posed any problems, generally accepted by all. Deeply appreciated I would imagine by teachers looking at some hair styles and colours they are faced with in Modern day Ireland. Methodology: * Reading report on Luton Borough Council 13 February 2004. About a two year legal wrangle with no outcome of benefit to the person in question, re wearing of religious garments in school. * Reading through the “The other side of the veil”; North African women in France response to the Headscarf affair. * Interview with my neighbours who are refugees now settled in my hometown....

Words: 1913 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Arch Nemesis Description

...experience and frequently resulted in straight, lackluster, and limp hair. Call me crazy but I could almost hear my hair snicker from the annoyance it brought me. Aside from formal styling issues, my hair, in general, has a wild ferocious character and brings me daily struggles. Specifically in the morning, my hairline is unnaturally frizzy, stiff, and erect; in fact, it appears as if I have a straw headband outlining my head. I battle with its thickness as well. The search for reliable hair-ties that can withstand my abundantly thick hair is one I am always in. In fact, my general issues with hair have grown to a point where I have developed animalistic reflexes when stray hairs hang on my clothes, book bag, or purse. Overall, the wrangle with my arch-nemesis will last as long as my robust mane rests on my head. ...

Words: 516 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Death of Osama Bin Laden and Its Effects on Al Qaeda

...Death of Osama bin Laden and its effects to al-Qaeda Name: Institutional Affiliation: Date: Death of Osama bin Laden and its effects to al-Qaida It has been four years down the line since the death of the al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. In history, Osama has been the potential leader in organizing terrorist activities that have left thousands dead and several injured. His charismatic leadership led to large number of recruitments of the youth men all over the world. Osama was assassination done by the US Navy seals in a night raid on a high-walled compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan (Owen, M., & Maurer, 2012). His assassination had a great impact on the running of the al-Qaida organization. Osama bin Laden had significantly achieved high recognition as the symbol of international terrorist. Consequently, Osama declared war on the US and allies affiliated to US. His mission was followed by organized and fruitful attacks by al-Qaeda militants’ in various countries. Back in the 1990s, he organized a successful attack on the USS Cole, US embassy in Kenya and Tanzania respectively. There were also attacks in Bali, Madrid, and London. Indeed, the death of Osama is a big blow to the al-Qaeda terrorist operation that has been depending on his strategic attacks. It is unfortunate to the organization since they have so far no one with such charismatic leadership to replace him (Bergen, P, 2013).. Osama’s death has significantly reduced the al-Qaeda into a confused and non-coherent terrorist...

Words: 664 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Research Paper

...Death of Osama bin Laden and its effects to al-Qaeda Name: Institutional Affiliation: Date: Death of Osama bin Laden and its effects to Al-Qaida It has been four years down the line since the death of the Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. In history, Osama has been the potential leader in organizing terrorist activities that have left thousands dead and several injured. His charismatic leadership led to large number of recruitments of the youth men all over the world. Osama was assassination done by the US Navy seals in a night raid on a high-walled compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan (Owen, M., & Maurer, 2012). His assassination had a great impact on the running of the al-Qaida organization. Osama bin Laden had significantly achieved high recognition as the symbol of international terrorist. Consequently, Osama declared war on the US and allies affiliated to US. His mission was followed by organized and fruitful attacks by al-Qaeda militants’ in various countries. Back in the 1990s, he organized a successful attack on the USS Cole, US embassy in Kenya and Tanzania respectively. There were also attacks in Bali, Madrid, and London. Indeed, the death of Osama is a big blow to the al-Qaeda terrorist operation that has been depending on his strategic attacks. It is unfortunate to the organization since they have so far no one with such charismatic leadership to replace him (Bergen, P, 2013).. Osama’s death has significantly reduced the al-Qaeda into a confused...

Words: 661 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Vernisage

...Claire Anderson-Wheeler is the author of this text “Vernissage”. The text is about a young boy, named Alex and his two parents; his parents are having some troubles in their relationship. The middle of this text Alex is hiding under his mom and fathers bed, because he doesn’t want to do his homework. While Alex is hiding his parents come in, they are wrangle a bit, his mother tries to get the fathers attention, but he keeps dismissing her instead. He don’t want to listen to her, he’s even more care about the Vernissage they are going to later that night. She is asking, “What do you think?” and he replies “It is very nice, Frances. Lovely.” He is trying to get out of the conversation between them as easy as possibly. While Alex lay under the bed, he was thinking about how his fathers reaction was, when the mother was asking, “what do you think?” he knew that voice, it was the same reaction as when Alex showed him something he’d make at school, it was always the same reaction, even though it was something special. Alex is not teenager yet, but I think he is on his way to become teenager, because he wants to give up his banana sandwiches, even though he liked them so much. But he is not mature enough yet, to give up his sandwiches even though he thinks it is time to stop eating banana sandwiches. Then we can she he is not mature enough to take hard decision as here, because he still cares about others opinion, he is still scared of being bullied...

Words: 717 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

What Is The Hero's Journey By Elizabeth Walker

...She quickly led the horse to the front porch, where she tired the refund to the rail and then proceeded to pull the unconscious man from his mount. She struggled to hoist him up just enough to get him up the stairs and in the door. As she drug him into the lit room, she got her first glimpse of the narrow yet jagged gouge that ceased the stranger's temple. He would have a mighty big headache when he regained consciousness. She managed to wrangle him onto the small cot, then gathered a bassoon of water and clean rags from the kitchen. After she managed to clean the wound to the best of her ability, she wrapped it in a sheet that she had torn into strips, and then went back out into the storm to lead the exhausted and soaked horse into her small barn. After returning to the house, she checked on the stranger, put a put off coffee on the stove then pulled her rocking chair next to the bed and settled in for what was sure to be a long...

Words: 700 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Warrentless Searches

...In this document, an experienced federal official is allocated the job of an instructor, who is accountable for providing aid in educating and managing agents and police officers. My job is to aid the exercising authorities in preparing modules for a two week program which will consist of the subject relevant to search warrants, forth variation, potential cause, reasoning relevant to warrantless queries, etc. This important process is to give 30 authorities the information relevant to the types of queries and warrant searches. A warrant is somewhat of an authorization slip. It grants officers permission to search a particular place or area at a particular time and seize particular items. For example, if investigators from the local division believe you're engaged in trafficking or distributing cannabis out of your place of residency, they may ask a judge or magistrate for a warrant permitting them to search the residency and remove any drugs they find. The 4th Amendment states that queries must be reasonable and specific. A few of the warrant-less queries are approval queries, queries occurrence to arrest, queries during an investigative detention, vehicle queries, management queries, boat queries, boundary queries, and plain view queries.(Criminal Rights, 2008). The authorities can only look in the place described in a warrant and usually can only take the exact assets that are described in the warrant. The authorities cannot search for a home if...

Words: 895 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Corporate Bankruptcy In Canada

...increased protection to consumers and high tax rates are major causes of corporate bankruptcy in US and Canada. Unpopular government policies including high business taxes and unbalanced worker’s compensations led to Detroit’s largest municipal bankruptcy in United States. Source: tradingeconomics.com Bankruptcies in US was 28319 Companies in the 3rd quarter of 2014 and averaged 48020.50 since 1980. CC attribute increasing cases of corporate bankruptcy to unfavorable government policies that makes it hard for companies to compete and comply with tax returns. Strength of Management Managers are expected to posses management skills including knowledge in finance, marketing, human resource and be able to understand and apply law. Internal wrangles such as high employee turnover, changes in senior management and the resignation of key Board of Directors’ members are often a bellwether of trouble in a company. The adverse consequence of unsuccessful expansion with a clear direction, insufficient cash flow and a deteriorating internal controls has been a potential financial distress and signal for corporate bankruptcy. Mediocre management skills, inadequate management system, and personality traits are usually hallmarks of most bankrupt businesses. According to Zwaig and Pickett (2009) a management system which lacks depth and typically relies on one person for marketing, creativity and decision making results in decision making gridlock and chaos. A decline in sales, sustained...

Words: 783 - Pages: 4