-Topic C– Are viruses alive? Viruses were first discovered in the late 19th century, through diseases such as rabies and foot in mouth (Villarreal, 2004). They were originally postulated to be poisons and earnt their name virus from the Latin word virulent, meaning poisonous (Villarreal, 2004). Viruses are non- cellular infecting agents which lack the essential systems necessary for metabolic functions. Nevertheless they have the ability to reproduce and evolve within truly ‘living’ cells. As
Words: 1104 - Pages: 5
identified reasons these creatures were immune to infection. Like humans, they have a natural defense system against invading bacteria, viruses, and fungi, which involves a group of proteins called the complement system. So Dr. Merchant tested his theory by exposing the alligator blood to pathogens such as HIV, West Nile Virus, and E Coli. His results- it started to kill the bacteria. As it turned out the alligator complement system is much more effective than that of humans. The problem: no possibility
Words: 929 - Pages: 4
and are caused by pathogens. The pathogens live and multiply in the body of the host and they cause damage to the cells and lead to various complications depending on their target organs. The most common types of pathogens include bacteria, protozoa, fungi and Viruses. The modes of action when the pathogens get into the host organism are similar. They first multiply then start destroying different tissues and cells in the host organism. They may release toxins that make the host environment conducive
Words: 1553 - Pages: 7
antibiotic-resistant microorganisms that are more difficult to treat and are causing food-borne diseases in humans. It is important to identify and reduce the unnecessary use of antibiotics on these animals in order to prevent the creation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Some of the Difficulties For decades, antibiotics such as Tylosin and Monensin have been used for the treatment of diseases in animals and humans. The United States Food and Drug Administration approved in the 1950’s their use in animal feed as
Words: 2125 - Pages: 9
Case study 1: 1- Meningitis, since a gram-negative bacteria and phagocytic cell interaction mediated by complement receptor 3. Since bacteria are in side phagocytic cells, then chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to
Words: 459 - Pages: 2
the outer layers, microbes grow as a microbial mat (sort of like a biofilm) -outer laters of mat contain oxygenic phototrips that exude bubbles of oxygen -a few mm below surface, red light supports bacteria photolyzing H2S to sulfate which is then reduced by lowe layers of sulface reducing bacteria -fossils formed as layers of phototropic microbial communities grew and died their form filled in by calcium carbonate or silica -accepted to date as eatly as 3.4 Gyr ago -too deformed to reveal
Words: 1581 - Pages: 7
Diagnosis of an Infected Patient Infection is the invasion and growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are not normally present within the body. A prokaryotic cell is a simple cell that does not have a nucleus. One of the most common types of prokaryotic cells is a bacterium. Bacteria are differentiated by many factors including shape, chemical composition, nutritional requirements, biochemical activities, and sources of energy (Tortora 76). A patient with
Words: 1074 - Pages: 5
Chapter 1 Microbes - Microbiology is the study of living microorganisms and non-living viruses - make up of half of the earth`s biomass and are very ubiquitous - Not all microbes are Pathogenic (capable to causing disease, producing disease) - can be Beneficial How can Microbes be beneficial? Microorganisms can help the environment for example in Marine and freshwater lakes, oceans and rivers by forming the basis food chain. Soil microbes can break down wastes and incorporate nitrogen
Words: 737 - Pages: 3
Network, was launched on January 1, 1996. At first it covered only the territory with 13.2 million residents and required active collection of laboratory confirmed diagnoses on just seven potentially foodborne diseases all of which were caused by bacteria. According to the latest Preliminary FoodNet Data on the Incidence of Infection with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food in 2007 the active surveillance network covered confirmed diagnoses on 7 bacterial, 2 protozoal pathogens and one
Words: 1455 - Pages: 6
A. Describe the difference between an obligate and facultative aerobe. Obligate aerobes are bacteria that require oxygen for growth. They will only grow at the top portion of the culture media where it meets the air and has a lot of oxygen. Facultative aerobes grow based on what is available to it. They prefer oxygen but oxygen is not necessary for growth. These aerobes mainly cluster at the top of the culture media where they have a high concentration of oxygen but will dispersed throughout
Words: 1328 - Pages: 6
