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Baroque Period Outline

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Baroque (1600-1750) Group Activity
Historical Background of the Baroque Period * Bay Psalm book was printed in Massachusetts in (1628) * Period of Common Wealth begins in England (1649) * Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
Isaac Newton’s theory of gravitation published (1687)
Music as Exploration and Drama * Europeans set out to develop musical approaches designed to “ramp up” various emotional states and help listeners experience their diversity more deeply. * Courts maintained elaborate musical establishments including opera troupes, chapel choirs, and orchestras. * Baroque art was extremely elaborate.
Main Currents in Baroque Music * Shift from a texture of several independent parts (polyphony) to one in which a single melody stood out (homophony) * Group of Florentine writers, artists, and musicians known as the Camerata first cultivated this approach. * Figured Bass was created * Establishment of major-minor tonality * Instruments could now play in any key
Rise in the Virtuoso * As musical instrument builders became more skilled musicians responded with more virtuosic (skilled) playing. * Composers demanded more advanced playing techniques * Women, particularly singers, expanded their roles in music. * Improvisation became significant.
Components of Opera, Early opera in Italy, Opera in England * An opera is a large scale drama that is sung * May contain different types of ensembles * Orchestra sets the appropriate mood for the different scenes * Libretto is the text or script * Italian: lavish spectacles, and scenic displays. * English: masque: combined vocal and instrumental music with poetry and dance.
Grace and Grandeur, Baroque Instruments * Elaborate instruments * Graceful and powerful soundscapes * Improvements in the construction

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