... |College of Criminal Justice and Security | | |CJA/204 Version 2 | | |Introduction to Criminal Justice | Copyright © 2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is an introductory overview of the organization and jurisdictions of local, state, and federal law enforcement, judicial and corrections agencies, and processes involved in the criminal justice systems. It examines the historical aspects of the police, the courts, and the correctional system, as well as the philosophy. Additionally, career opportunities and qualifying requirements, terminology and constitutional limitations of the system will also be covered. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If...
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...This paper will explain a brief history of the background of the police agencies and their jurisdiction concerning local, state, and federal law enforcement. Each falls under the jurisdiction of the Department of Homeland Security. This paper will also cover a brief overview of each department’s responsibilities in regards their primary purpose. The historical history of police agencies was organized in the Western world. During this time, colonists used the English style of policing. The large extent of American Policing was formed by the British Model. Except for the military intervention, law enforcement was not organized until close to year 1200. When an individual committed a crime and was indentified, an organized posse pursued him or her. The posse was led by a shire reeve (county leader) or by a mounted officer (Schmalleger, "Chapter 5: Policing: History and Structure," 2011). The words sheriff and constable originated from these early terms. Early policing relied on bailiffs or watchmen. Bailiffs were in charge of looking for suspicious activities. Bailiffs also handle any issues, which created both a night watch and day ward. In 1829 Sir Robert Peel created the first modern police agency in London called the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829. Sir Robert Peel created the London police force because he wanted to provide citizens with real policing. He believed that prevention of crime could be possible without intruding into the lives of the citizens. The Metropolitan...
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...Police History Paper Detric Lester CJA/214 April 28, 2013 Professor Shawn R. Kehoe, MPA Throughout the course of history, American policing has been influenced heavily by the English system. England and Colonial American citizens were both responsible for law enforcement in the early stages of development in their communities. The history of policing has changed progressively over the years. In the legal system law enforcement systems evolved over a period of time causing major differences in the titles, responsibilities and credentials of police officer. The historical development of police history time line began during the Early 1630’s when Colonial America early constables and sheriffs were concerned about the behaviors of the community-approved religious attendance and the appropriate restraint of farm animals, they served court papers for a fee. In the early 1840’s Metropolitan America in New York the first full time preventive force was established, with each district having its own authority. Each ward had a separate patrol and citizens were chosen by Aldermen to be officers. Frontier America territory became a state by the early 1840’s, then sheriffs and marshals were elected in the towns and counties. New entrepreneurs elected to reduce violent crime to keep their business thriving and their town’s reputation clean. By the early 1920’s police professionalism characteristic were policies focused on law enforcement and crime control, and social service elements...
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... Microsoft®, Windows®, and Windows NT® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix® editorial standards and practices. ------------------------------------------------- Course Description This course is an introductory overview of the organization and jurisdictions of local, state, and federal law enforcement, judicial and corrections agencies, and processes involved in the criminal justice systems. It examines the historical aspects of the police, the courts, and the correctional system, as well as the philosophy. Additionally, career opportunities and qualifying requirements, terminology, and constitutional limitations of the system will also be covered. ------------------------------------------------- Course Topics and Objectives Week One: The Criminal Justice System 1 * Define crime and its relationship to law. * Describe the two most common models of how society determines which acts are criminal. * Identify choice theories of crime and their underlying assumptions. * Identify instruments for measuring crime. Week Two: The Criminal Justice System * Describe...
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...History of Police Nancy Anderson CJA/214 August 4, 2012 Miriam Moore History of Police He was an important political leader in England and the “father” of modern policing. Robert Peel fought for over 30 years to improve law enforcement and finally, in 1829, persuaded the English Parliament to create the London Metropolitan Police. This police department is recognized as the first modern police force (Walker & Katz, 2011). This English heritage is what produced American policing. The three core elements that Peel introduced back in 1829 are what make up the structure of the police forces we see today. These core elements are mission, strategy, and organizational structure (Walker & Katz, 2011). The mission of Peel’s police force was crime prevention. That is the mission of today’s police force. Before the creation of the Metropolitan Police force, all enforcement was performed after a crime was committed. Peel realized that is was better to “prevent crime than to respond after the fact” (Walker & Katz, 2011). Peel introduced the idea of preventive patrol. This was his strategy for the mission of crime prevention. He believed in a visible police presence and implemented the idea of officers patrolling a fixed “beat” or area (Walker & Katz, 2011). This idea is still in implementation today although it is usually accomplished by police patrolling in vehicles, rather than on foot. Peel borrowed from the military ideals for his...
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...ce historyRunning Head: Police History Paper Title Page: Police History Paper Ruby Riley Instructor: Miriam Moore University of Phoenix Abstract: 1). Describe the impact of Sir Robert Peel on American policing. 2). Analyze the relationship between the U.S. Government and the policing organizations throughout the United States. 3). Explain how this relationship may affect Police Practices. 1. Describe the impact of Sir Robert Peel on American policing? - The English statesman Sir Robert Peel (1788-1850) served as prime minister during 1834-1835 and 1841-1846. He played an important role in modernizing the British government’s social and economic and sponsored the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846. Sir Roberts Peel was in the great tradition of the 19th-century administrative reformers. Though not a doctrinaire, he drew on the most advanced thinking of his day in his reform of British criminal law, the prisons, the police, and fiscal and economic policies. By making government a positive instrument in social reform and by his pragmatic approach to social and political problems, Peel also made an important contribution to shaping the philosophy of the modern conservative party. Despite the fact that his repeal of the Corn Laws broke his party, Peelite traditions lingered on. Peelites such as William Gladstone also carried these traditions into the Liberal party. Sir Roberts and his efforts have lasted through out times, trials, and many difficulties in Sir Roberts Peel’s...
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...The history of Police Paper Samuel G. Gilley CJA/214 – Introduction to Police Theory and Practices June 10, 2012 Judith Brodsky Abstract This paper is about the history of police in America. This paper will describe the impact of Sir Robert Peel on American policing. Also, it will discuss the different stages of police in America. In addition, it will analyze the relationship between the government and the policing organizations throughout the United States. Police history is something everyone should know about. Police have been around for a long time. The history of police is important to know about because it helps people understand why some of the policies are in place today. The United States has used methods of policing from Great Britain. There are many ways to learn about policing by studying the history of police. Police practices and logics have changed enormously over the years. It is a common misconception that policies remain the same over the years, but that is not true. Furthermore, there are different stages in the history of American police called the political era, professional era, police crisis of 1960’s, and the new development stages. America has used policies implemented by Robert Peel. Robert Peel was a political leader in England, who fought to improve law enforcement in the country. Robert Peel developed three core elements that involve mission...
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...The History of Police Abstract This paper is about the history of police in America. This paper will describe the impact of Sir Robert Peel on American policing. Also, it will discuss the different stages of police in America. In addition, it will analyze the relationship between the government and the policing organizations throughout the United States. Police history is something everyone should know about. Police have been around for a long time. The history of police is important to know about because it helps people understand why some of the policies are in place today. The United States has used methods of policing from Great Britain. There are many ways to learn about policing by studying the history of police. Police practices and logics have changed enormously over the years. It is a common misconception that policies remain the same over the years, but that is not true. Furthermore, there are different stages in the history of American police called the political era, professional era, police crisis of 1960’s, and the new development stages. America has used policies implemented by Robert Peel. Robert Peel was a political leader in England, who fought to improve law enforcement in the country. Robert Peel developed three core elements that involve mission, strategy, and organizational structure of the police. Robert Peel also introduced the police having a presence in the community (Schmalleger, 2009)...
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...The Rising Issue of Generation Y and Police Training By Problem Solving Practicum OL430 Anthony Nixon February 27, 2008 CONTENTS References iii Research Focus The Real Issues 1 What is Generation X? 2 Generation Y 4 The Problem 6 Recruitment, Selection, and Retention 8 Conclusions 12 References Lomi Kriel. (2006, June 26). Cities face troubles in hiring cops. San Antonio Express News, p. 1. Andy Headworth. (2007, December 07). Ten differences between Generation X and Generation Y Employees [Msg 1]. Message posted to Sirona Says To infinite recruitment and beyond electronic mailing list, archived at http://blog.sironaconsulting.com/sironasays/2007/12/our-futurex-ver.html Wikipedia. (2007). Generation X. In Wikipedia (1st ed., Vol. 1, p. 1). Unknown, World Wide Web: Wikipedia. Retrieved March 10, 2008, from Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia Web site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_X Research Focus The Real Issues There is a rising problem in the police field regarding hiring and retaining quality officers. At the front of this problem is the Y generation and the opposing generational values between them and generation X. This also lends itself to training issues and the difference in learning styles between the two generations. This paper will delve in to merging the two current styles of training and the problems that might come up during the process. This investigation will deal with agencies across the country as well...
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...Introduction: Policing today has proven to be effective after years of improvements and changes. This paper will discuss the significant features in history in Japan and the United States. There are many types of police operations. Policing in general has a wide range of different kinds of strategies and areas. I will discuss the development of both policing styles as well as how implementation can affect both countries. Japan: Japan is known for it low crime rate and its unique policing styles and homogeneous society. Sam Bacca, Chief of Police in Albuquerque New Mexico stated, “This is police paradise”, while he was visiting Japan. (Rebenfien, 1989) “Every law enforcement officer would love to have a community like this”, he continued. (Rebenfien, 1989) Chief Baca and many others offers came to Japan to observe their police system and bring those ideas back to their community. The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Statistics Bureau, Director-General for Policy Planning and Statistical Research and Training Institute reports Japan's total population in 2011 was 127.80 million and total density measured 343 persons per square kilometer in 2010. Japan has endured many trial and tribulations has a country, having to rebuild after wars and conflict. During the fourteen century short lived imperial rulers, followed by a new government established by the Ashikaja family, lasting for two centuries. (Sccnet, 1998) This was a time of great prosperity...
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...Police History Throughout the years, the United States has maintained a strong federal and state policy system, and because of this America has strong police history. When policing first began, colonists pursued the English style of policing. English style of policing consisted of monitoring the community on behaviors, morals, and civil obligations instead of criminal issues. Citizens carried out these policing responsibilities and were referred to as civic duties. There was no training or pay offered for these services. Wealthier people who didn't want to serve began to pay others to do their duties for them. Policing has continued to change in a positive way for America. (NY Region, 2014) In 1658 Philadelphia offered compensation for citizens for their service, and wardens employed watchmen. Watchmen's responsibilities were increased, and they were offered a salary as well. Motoring became a priority when towns and villages were formed and crime increased. Colonies began a system of sheriff's similar to the traditional policing in the English countryside. The sheriff's patrolled the community, and they also collected taxes and served court papers for a small fee. These sheriff's weren't too worried about crime being committed. (Davis, 2009) As time went on, policing focused more on crime prevention rather than crime detection and punishment for the crime that was committed. In the 1840's, guidelines improved relations between the community and the...
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...Introduction “Police history” predates the evolution of the “police” as a permanent occupational group within a bureaucratic institution, providing the primary state response to crime and disorder. That was primarily a development of the 19th century and a reaction to the rapid social change of the industrial revolution and rapid urbanization. Prior to 1800, governments maintained order by a variety of means, local and national. One of the key historical debates concerns the effectiveness of these approaches and the degree of continuity between the premodern and modern police models. Around 1800 a small number of distinctively different types of police institution emerged. The French, under Napoleon, instituted the Gendarmerie, a state military police model. It evolved from the “Marechaussee,” which had had a dual military and civil function since the 16th century. The model was exported across Europe by Napoleon. The British developed two models. The first, set up to answer similar challenges to the Gendarmerie in France, was the Royal Irish Constabulary model. It was close to the state military model, but distinctively styled as part of the civil power of the state and subordinated to the Magistracy. The Irish model was subsequently exported to Britain’s colonies and became the basis of forces such as the Indian Police Service. The Metropolitan Police was consciously created as a local force with a uniform that was deliberately different from the military and a mission that...
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...Police History In the infancy of policing the early colonists followed the English style of policing; monitoring the community on behaviors, moral, and civil obligations rather than criminal issues. Citizens performed these policing duties and were referred to as a civic duty, no training or pay was offered for these services. The wealthy citizens that did not want to serve their watch began to pay others to do their duty for them. Philadelphia began to offer monetary compensation for the citizens in 1658 for their service and jail wardens began to employ watchmen and increased their responsibilities and offered a salary. As villages and towns began to form crime increased and the need for motoring the citizens became a priority, colonies began to develop a system of sheriffs similar to the traditional policing in the English countryside. These sheriffs and constables patrolled the community for approved religious attendance and proper animal’s restraints on farms. They also collected taxes and served court papers for a fee. They were not too worried about crimes being committed In the 1840’s policing focused more on crime prevention rather than crime detection and punishment for the crime. Guidelines improved relations between the community and the newly established police officers. The community thought that the police officers should wear a uniform to distinguish them from the citizens. As society and the economy began to change crime increased and the need to establish...
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...Police Training: A Modern Approach American Military University CMRJ499 Criminal Justice Senior Seminar April 26, 2011 Police Training: A Modern Approach This research paper will examine the idea that traditional police training methods are inefficient for modern adult learners and new methods and techniques need to be utilized to ensure that today’s police force remains highly trained, professional and effective. The theory behind my thesis statement is that police officers are starting their law enforcement careers later in life (Mineard, 2006), are more diverse, have higher education and more life experiences. In the past, police officers were minimally trained, entered their careers at twenty-one or twenty-two years of age and had limited or no life experience prior to becoming police officers. Many law enforcement officers of the past entered police work directly from military service or school. Police training was developed during the early nineteenth century and the methods of training police officers have not change much over the past two decades. With the advent of the more mature, experienced and educated entry-level police officer, comes the need to reassess the training methods and adapt them to more effective methods for adult learners. Gone is the day of telling a rookie officer to sit in the car, keep quiet and do everything the training officer tells them. The military style training of blindly following leaders...
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...German History Research Paper by Ryan Parker 3334798 Dr. Lisa Todd HIST 3095 Mar. 27th 2015 Throughout the 20th century the nation of German went through a number of cataclysmic, and paradigm shifting changes. One of the longest lasting changes to Germany was the division of Germany into two separate nations, the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). These two nations were the results of a fundamental difference in political ideals of two of the great nation at the time, the United States of American, and the Soviet Union. Throughout the life spans of these two nations one of the largest concern were the youth; as the future population of both nations, it would be on the shoulders of the youth that the countries ideal would be preserved or forgotten. During this time the influence of Western culture was permeating throughout most of the world, and both Germanies were not excluded. Throughout the examination of the youth, this paper will attempt to expose the way in which western culture, specifically the music from the west, affected the youth of both nations. One of the earliest accounts of western music impacting German youth comes from the musician Udo Lindenberg, who recounts the story of how Elvis changed his life in 1957. In his story he recounts how the music was entirely different from all the music he had herd before, “I wasn’t sure what...
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