...an unborn child that can follow them the rest of their lives from maternal smoking. Many studies and significant research shows smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of a long list of problems. Still birth is the most common complication, but placental dysfunctional, premature labor and low birth weight are also problems that can harm the fetus. Over 40% of children studied also had some form of heart defect. Exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy has also been linked to SIDS. Birth defects such as cleft palate and cleft lip can be caused from smoking while pregnant as well as your child being diagnosed with asthma. Speech defects as well as behavioral problems such as ADD/ADHD also play a role in maternal smoking. No one would give an infant a cigarette, so why would we while carrying our child smoke? Smoking during pregnancy can harm both the baby and the mother. Most would do anything to protect their child. Yet many women, who feel this way, continue to smoke while pregnant, insisting that the dangers are non-existent. In reality, there are many dangers to an unborn child that can follow them for the rest of their lives, if they survive gestation, and birth. Miscarriages, low birth weight, premature labor, and organ defects are just a few things that can plague the child of a smoking mother. There are many studies, and significant research that shows smoking while pregnant increases the risk of a long list of problems, that may never arise if not for...
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...outline, including the thesis statement, should be written in complete sentences. 2. The general purpose should be one of the four generally identified: to inform, to persuade, to entertain, or to commemorate. 3. The specific purpose should be written as a more detailed infinitive phrase. (An infinitive phrase begins with to added to a verb and an object. Here is an example: “To apply for a scholarship.”) 4. Questions should not appear on the outline; instead, you should use the space to answer such questions or to explain the reasoning behind your inquiry. You do not want to leave your professor doubting whether you know your material. You may, however, ask questions when you actually deliver the presentation. 5. When using research for subpoints and sub-subpoints, you should write enough of your interpretation of what the point means to demonstrate to your professor your understanding of the source. Use parenthetical citations to indicate which reference items reinforce materials. 6. Every item on the references list should be cited parenthetically in the outline at least once. What Should and Should Not Be Changed The general formatting for the outline template is correct, though please do the following: * Fill in all the top heading information (e.g., Name, Professor,…Thesis statement) without removing any of the...
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...seemingly unlimited source of energy. Babies thus represent the inner dynamo of humanity, ever fuelling the fires of the human life cycle with new channels of psychic power (Armstrong, 2008). Infants apparently come into the world pre-programmed to like and seek pleasurable sensations such as sweetness, and to avoid or escape from unpleasant simulation, such as loud noises, bright lights, strong odors, and painful stimuli (Cohen & Gelber, 1975). Most of all babies are designed to be sociable. They prefer human voices to other sounds and human faces to most other patterns (Fantz, 1963). Babies not only respond to, but also interact with, their care-givers. High speed films studies of synchronically- gazing, vocalizing, touching and smiling of mothers and infants are closely coordinated (Martin, 1981). In general, developmental psychologists currently studying what babies can do are becoming even more impressed with how precocious (smart for their age) they are. They seem to be equipped to accomplish three basic task of survival: sustenance (feeding), maintenance of contact with people (for protection and care), and defence against harmful stimuli (withdrawing from pain or threat (von Hofsten & Lindhagen, 1979). Young children’s acquisition of language is one of the most remarkable achievements of the human species. In the span of few years, with little instruction, and often spite of faulty information (for example, parents talking “baby talk”), young children become superb...
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...be around 800,000. Symptoms vary from child to child as well as the age of onset. Some signs to look for are any disturbances in the development of learning. Such as if the child is having trouble learning to crawl, walk, rolling from side to side, or sitting by the appropriate age that developmental milestones should be achieved. If the child is only using one hand to grab things while keeping the other hand balled up into a fist. Another common behavior to look for is the child dragging one entire side of the body while trying to crawl with the use of only the opposite side. More causes for concern would be stiff muscles, exaggerated muscle reflexes, muscles not stiff enough resembling a flopping of the limbs, and difficulty with speech and eating. The website Cerebral Palsy Help http://cerebralpalsyhelp.com/causes_and_symptoms.html is a tool to help parents and with early detection, they offer a free evaluation along with signs and symptoms to look for. Some of the causes of this Cerebral Palsy are related to genetics, brain injuries that can happen during the delivery or within the first couple years of life. For example; a stroke or a fall, lack of oxygen during delivery, severe jaundice,...
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...Kimberly Douglas Dec 3 2014 Genetics Down Syndrome Down syndrome (DS) or Trisomy 21 is a complex developmental genetic disorder in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of 46. Normally, a fertilized egg has 23 pairs of chromosomes. But in most cases, people living with Down syndrome have an extra copy of chromosome 21 also known as Trisomy 21, which is responsible for 95% Down syndrome cases and most common genetic cause of human mental retardation, with an incidence of 1-600/1-1000 live births. It is also responsible for premature pregnancy failure. It is the leading cause of cognitive impairment. Down syndrome occurs because of an abnormality characterized by an extra copy of genetic material on all or part of the 21st chromosome. Every cell in the body contains genes that are grouped along chromosomes in the cell's nucleus or center. There are normally 46 chromosomes in each cell, 23 inherited from your mother and 23 from your father. When some or all of a person's cells have an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21, the result is Down syndrome. Down syndrome is associated with mild to moderate learning disabilities, developmental delays, characteristic facial features, and low muscle tone in early infancy. Many individuals with Down syndrome also have heart defects, leukemia, early-onset Alzheimer's disease, gastro-intestinal problems, and other health issues. The symptoms of Down syndrome range from mild to severe. Life expectancy for individuals with...
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...Suemin Chi November 30th, 2013 The Genetics Disease: Galactosemia There are many genetic diseases out there today, but one that caught my attention was Galactosemia. Galactosemia is a genetic disorder that affects how the body processes the simple sugar, galactose. There are three types of Galactosemia; Classic Galactosemia, Galactosemia Type II, and Galactosemia Type III. All three types are inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern but the most common is the classic Galactosemia. According to the Genetics Home Reference, it states, “Classic Galactosemia occurs in 1 in 30,000 to 60,000 newborns, Galactosemia type II and type III are less common; type II probably affects fewer than 1 in 100,000 newborns and type III appears to be very rare.” This disorder is rare but if affected with it, can show symptoms that range from mild to very severe if not controlled. Those who are affected with classic galactosemia lack the enzyme Galactose 1-phosphate; (GALT), galactosemia type II has a mutation in the GALKI gene and in type III, the GALE gene. Galactose is one of the products formed from lactose when absorbed into the body. In an unaffected person, GALT will bind to galactose, which later converts to glucose and then used for energy. In an affected person, there is no GALT, so the build up of galactose will cause toxic affects on the organs. This is a very dangerous disorder one can have, but it is especially dangerous to newborns because they will not be able to drink any...
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...wise decisions and increase your chances for a happy and healthy outcome. You are no longer responsible for just one person but two. The little one growing inside of you depends on your for nutrition and a safe resting place for nine months. All of the lifestyle choices you make during pregnancy will not only affect your health but also the child as well. Bad habits like alcohol, smoking, and drug use may harm your baby and bring about developmental issues. Identifying developmental issues as early as possible allows early intervention that can lead to successful treatment. The brain begins developing although still in the womb and continues to grow over time. Research has shown that exposure to alcohol in the womb is one of the leading causes of brain disorders in infants in the United States. Exposure to environmental toxins can also cause slow brain development and mental retardation. Prenatal care is one of the best ways to protect babies from brain damage. Developmental delays can have future negative effects on your child, which may lead to speech and language difficulties, behavioral problems, and learning problems. Nutrition Your baby’s development depends on proper nutrition. My doctor informed me when I was pregnant that folate and folic acid, calcium, protein, and iron were the most important to your diet. All help to prevent birth defects and low birth weight. Healthy eating is important to a child’s brain development in the prenatal period and beyond...
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...Table of Contents 2. Biomedical and Electronic skin patch 2 Motivation behind the Technology 5 Applications 6 Drug delivery system 6 Health monitoring 8 Medium of Communication 11 Human Computer Interaction Interface 12 Stakeholders 12 3. Ethical and Legal Concerns with the technology 14 3.1 Legal Issues 14 Inconsistent Medication 14 Number of Impacts of Wireless Technology 15 Data Integrity and Hacking 16 3.2 Ethical dilemma 17 Cultural and religious criticism 17 Public Monitoring/privacy 19 Impact on people with disabilities 20 Cost issues 20 Social Issues/implications 20 Credibility of Source of Information 21 4. Resolutions for these dilemmas 22 4.1 Possible solution 22 Tackling health issues 22 Preventing leakage of personal information 23 Preventing Overuse of Skin Patch 24 Addressing cultural issues 24 Denying any form of tracking human information 25 4.2 Strategy for implementation 25 Conclusion 26 Reference List 26 1. Introduction The purpose of this report is to identify the legal and ethical issues related to electronic skin patch and provide a possible solution to tackle it. The limitations of current medical science lead to the advancement of biomedical science to resolve the gap. The report further deals with the new technology electronic skin patch that promises to overcome the potholes of the traditional medical science. It provides the detailed analysis of the technology and the strategy...
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...Informative speech: Teen Pregnancy At young ages we all seem to become nurtures, by playing with baby dolls, and playing house with our siblings. So it is easy for us to say that as children we thought we knew what we were doing when it came to taking care of our dolls when we “thought” they needed some assistance. This was just our imagination though. We pretended in the act of taking care of child that was just plastic. At that age do we really imagine what life would be like if we had a real child already to tend to? Do we think about the money you’ll have to spend on bottles, diapers, and formula? Of course not. We’re children, but the problem is that teens are still children, and they are actually having children. You don’t just wake up as a 16 year old and decide you want to have a child, it often happens without any planning at all. Teens often don’t think that their perfect plan for life could ever take a detour. It’s easy for it to happen, and we should all be informed on the reasons why. The first problem we are seeing is the lack of education on contraceptives, and sexually transmitted diseases. Teenagers are not receiving enough or none at all education on what contraceptives are and how sexually transmitted diseases can affect your life as well. There are about 1,700 school-based health centers nationwide, and only about ⅓ --almost all of them high schools--provide contraceptives. Only ⅓, that is a very small portion that is receiving information at all...
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...first actual efforts to research what will eventually be known as cerebral palsy. He was disabled as a child, after he suffered from polio, and received spastic diplegia which was complicated by severe talipes . Little spent most of his medical career researching various disabling conditions, which when linked together became identified as a form of cerebral palsy . Even though it was seen since the 1800s, cerebral palsy has been observed since antiquity as a group of neuromuscular disabilities. Many ancient civilizations, such as the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, have described cerebral palsy, but did not know how to treat it or even what causes it. In the 19th Century is when medical...
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...answers into it or copy/paste your chosen questions into a new document and answer them. Be sure to proofread your work. One half of one percentage point will be deducted for each grammar and spelling error. Chapter 1 1a Application: A 4-year-old becomes frightened of the dark and refuses to go to sleep at night. How would a psychoanalyst and a behaviorist differ in their views of how this problem developed and what should be done about it. NOTE: Do more than summarize the concepts of the two approaches, here—you must explain concretely how each would explain the problem of fear of the dark and how the perspectives would differ. 1b Connection: How do cultural values, political forces, economic resources, and child development research affect children’s development? What levels of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory contain these influences? Be sure to answer this question specifically related to the ecological systems theory and not just in general. 1b. Connection: We live in a society which influences have included, different cultures, values, and...
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...the preconception preparation stage for both partners”, and during pregnancy for the women. Similarly, Stroebe (2000) stipulate women should not drink alcohol for the duration of pregnancy because of the risk of birth defects termed fetal alcohol syndrome. Moreover, Beattie 1981 (in Booth and Williams 1985, p75) highlight social and constant heavy drinking especially in the first trimester of pregnancy can damage the normal growth of the fetus. In support of this Zieman (2004) assert drinking during the first trimester is the most serious, and babies exposed to alcohol at this most crucial time often have small brains and physical problems, what's more these babies can develop severe learning difficulties. Zieman (2004) additionally suggest alcohol crosses the placenta to the baby, where it accumulates in the amniotic fluid surrounding the baby before the birth and cause for the mother problems such as miscarriage, stillbirth, and premature birth. In support of this, Stroebe (2000) stress the most familiar effects seen are an increase in spontaneous abortions, commonly known as...
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...For this task I had to select an individual for my assignment and describe their physical, intellectual, emotional and social development for each of their life stages. The individual I have chosen is Michael Jackson, I have chosen him because I think that his life was very interesting and I’d like to explore all the other aspects of this life. I will need explain what I think could/should happen to Michael Jackson at each life stage. Conception Michael Jacksons parents Katherine Jackson and Joe Jackson would have conceived Michael around about November 1957.Conception is the making of a new beginning of life , now each women should be born with a full functioning birth system sometimes when a women does not function properly she may not be able to have children and conceive. Each month hormones are released such as follicle stimulating hormone and estrogen, these hormones help follicles develop and help the uterus to get thick and to get prepared for the fertilization of an egg. Each egg leaves the woman’s ovaries and it goes into the fallopian tube, then after this process it gets travelled through to the uterus. It all starts during intercourse, when a man has intercourse with a woman he inserts sperm into her vagina about 250 million sperms would have been ejaculated into the vagina. Every sperm looks the same as it has a long tall to enable it to swim and force itself up to the fallopian tube. This is where all the magic happens in the woman fallopian tube, the tube...
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...A national survey once taken, reported that more than half of women ages 15-44 drank alcohol while pregnant. Of those, 66% reported drinking in the first trimester and 54% reported drinking in the third trimester. 1 in every 750 infants is born with symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, while another 40,000 are born with Fetal Alcohol Effects also known as FAE. The research regarding FAS dates back to 1973. From 1973-1978, 245 cases of FAS were reported. The average cost to take care of a child with FAS is around 800,000. (Armstrong, Elizabeth M. Conceiving Risk, Bearing Responsibility: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and the Diagnosis of Moral Disorder: Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University, 2003.) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a mental and physical defect that a fetus can suffer in association with high levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. FAS was named in the United States in 1973 by two dysmorpholosgists, Dr. Kenneth Lyons Jones and Dr. David Weyhe Smith of the University of Washington Medical School in Seattle. The article identifying FAS was first published in 1973, in the British Medical Journal, The Lancet. The two doctors helped to define the morphological defects and developmental delays that can affect children born to alcoholic mothers. These observations include prenatal and postnatal deficiencies, facial abnormalities, and damage to the brain that can cause learning, behavior, and cognitive abnormalities. FAS occurs when a pregnant mother consumes alcohol. The...
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...pregnancies that result in premature births, and an increased risk of breast cancer, depression, or post-abortion stress syndrome. Post-abortion stress syndrome can be defined as “a combination of reactions to abortion such as grief, nightmares about the abortion experience, sleep disorders, and other negative experiences that may last a few months or even years.” These aftereffects can be hard to scientifically prove because often women are not entirely honest about their experience because it takes such an emotional toll on them (Gay 46-48). Women feel the personal need to get an abortion for many reasons. One of the most common reasons women decide to get an abortion is because they feel the need to put their focus on the children they already have and they feel like having another child would jeopardize that. Another very common reason women opt to get an abortion is because they feel that they are financially unable to care for a child. Other common personal reasons can include lack of family support, being unable to raise a child that was conceived as a result of rape, potential relationship problems, disruption of a job or getting an education, or feeling too young or ill-prepared to raise a child. Sometimes a woman feels the societal need to abort her child because it could possibly be born with disabilities, or it is not the preferred sex (en.wikipedia.org). Women can also decide to get an abortion due to medical reasons. Often, if the baby is causing the mother life-threatening...
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