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Selfishness

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The Presentation of Selfishness: Similarities and Differences in To Room Nineteen and Hills Like White Elephants

Selfishness is a shared theme in the short stories To Room Nineteen by Doris Lessing and Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway. The topics of suicide and abortion are points of similarity between the two, illustrating Susan’s and the man’s selfish thought processes and decision-making. The stories do have considerable differences, however, in how they present and develop selfishness within the characters and the storyline itself. Both stories involve the decision to end life. In To Room Nineteen, Susan struggles with the home life she and her husband have created, seeking to temper her feelings with intelligent reasoning. Slowly she distances herself from her family until she finds herself on the brink of suicide, feeling hypocritical for “worrying about the children, when she was going to leave them” (Lessing 890). As she lay down with the gas filling the room, “she was quite content”. In Hills Like White Elephants, the man is working to convince his partner to undergo an abortion: “They just let the air in and then it’s all perfectly natural” (Hemingway 663) While she does not seem happy with the idea, he continues to reassure her that “We’ll be fine afterward. Like we were before. … It’s the only thing that’s made us unhappy” (663). In To Room Nineteen, Susan’s life is “grounded in intelligence” and ruled by “sensible discrimination” (Lessing 866). Susan’s journey from a tolerant and logical outlook bordering on martyrdom to selfishness and suicide is progressive; a result of revelations for Susan that she needs more than a life that is “like a snake biting it’s tail” (868). From the beginning Susan is aware of her discontent but chooses to repress it. She uses her intelligence to reassure herself of her marital happiness; not like “the hidden resentments and deprivations of the woman who has lived her own life” (869). The irony of this sensible reasoning is poignant as Susan later seeks time and space to herself, avoiding the resentments and deprivations of her life at home as a mother and wife to make the ultimate selfish decision of ending her own life. Selfishness is an established part of the man’s character and, from the beginning of the dialogue, a central theme in Hills Like White Elephants. The couple seems in a disagreeable mood as they wait for their train; the girl observes the surroundings, the hills that are barren of shade and trees; a brown, dry and infertile landscape. Shortly after ordering drinks the man begins talking about the abortion. “It’s not really an operation at all” (Hemingway 663). There is a feeling that the subject has been discussed already; “The girl looked at the ground the table legs rested on. … The girl did not say anything” (663). His arguments allude to their happiness being dependent upon her having an abortion, and he reassures her that “… you wouldn’t mind it Jig” (663). The girl makes responses that cut to the heart of his motives: “And if I do it you’ll be happy and things will be like they were and you’ll love me? … But if I do it, then it will be nice again if I say things are like white elephants and you’ll like it?” (663). The man makes no attempt to conceal that he is blaming the friction between then on the pregnancy: “I’ll love it. I love it now but I just can’t think about it” (663). Towards the end of the story he makes the statement “But I don’t want anybody but you. I don’t want anyone else. And I know it’s perfectly simple” (664). Although he does try to placate her by telling her he doesn’t want her to do anything she doesn’t want to, his choice of words, telling her that he knows how life will be afterwards and everyone he knows is happy after an abortion, shows how selfishly he is trying to influence her against her own attachment to the pregnancy.
While there are similarities between Susan’s decision to commit suicide in To Room Nineteen and the man trying to convince his partner to have an abortion in Hills Like White Elephants, the presentation of those decisions throughout the stories are markedly different. Lessing’s short story develops the selfishness within her character and establishes the reader’s understanding of the eventual suicide through the telling of the story. Hemingway’s story is a very short snapshot of a relationship, and selfishness exists from the beginning in his character’s personality and decision-making process. Hemingway does not provide a storyline to quantify the man’s selfishness and the decisions surrounding abortion remains unresolved to the end.

Works Cited
Hemingway, Ernest. “Hills Like White Elephants.” The Norton Anthology of Short Fiction. 7th Edition. Ed. Richard Bausch and R.V. Cassill. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2006. 661-665

Lessing, Doris. “To Room Nineteen.” The Norton Anthology of Short Fiction. 7th Edition. Ed. Richard Bausch and R.V. Cassil. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2006. 867 - 890

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