...The Nuremberg Trials The Holocaust was one of the most abominable occurrences in the history of the world. Thankfully, the perfidious Nazi leaders were placed on trial for their gruesome crimes in Nuremberg, Germany. These convicts were rightfully located, tried, and convicted for their awful felonies. Firstly, judges from the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and France, known as the Allies, located 22 of the deceitful Nazi leaders. Because the crimes committed by the Nazis were so horrible, “the Allies decided to bring justice to those accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity,” (The Holocaust Explained 2017). Directly after the end of World War II, 22 of the insidious leaders were tried for their offenses in Nuremberg,...
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...During World War ll, many horrific events occurred. The people that caused the events were put to trial and charged with war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes against peace. Their trials that brought justice were called the Nuremberg trials. The Nuremberg trials were a series of thirteen trials made by the allies held between 1945-1949 (Holocaust Timeline: Aftermath). In these trials, twenty-two criminals were received their punishment for their abominable crimes (Holocaust Timeline: Aftermath). The trials had taken place in Nuremberg, Germany at the Palace of Justice because Berlin had been to war-damaged (Angela Wood, 168, Jason Skog, 28). The trials were also held in Nuremberg because it is where racial laws were passed (Angela...
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...The Nuremberg Trials by R. D. A student essay from Dr. Elliot Neaman's History 210 class (historical methods - fall 1996) © Elliot Neaman / PHDN Reproduction interdite par quelque moyen que ce soit / no reproduction allowed ________________________________________ The Nuremberg Trials took place during the immediate aftermath of World War II. They were the first trials in history to indict an entire regime for aggressive war crimes. These crimes included invading other nations, violating the Treaty of Versailles and most significantly, "crimes against humanity". These crimes were what later became known as the Holocaust, in which millions of innocent victims were deported, enslaved and systematically executed. The victims were primarily Jewish however many other victims suffered at the hands of the Nazis such as: Poles, Gypsies, the handicapped and the elderly. The Nuremberg Charter "defined war crimes as violations of the laws or customs of war"(Rosenbaum p, 30). Including killing of hostages, ill-treatment of civilians, use of forced labor and looting of public and private property and racial persecution. The International Military Tribunal, the prosecutors consisting of lawyers and judges from the United States, France, England and the Soviet Union had countless evidence of these crimes committed by the Nazis, however to serve justice to every individual for their inhumane actions was impossible. The Nuremberg Trials prosecuted twenty one defendants (all of whom were...
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...The Holocaust: Suggested Reading There is a wealth of information about the Holocaust. So much has been written, in fact, that it can be difficult to determine where to start. This reading list is collected from recommendations from other members of The Holocaust History Project. It is not a complete bibliography but represents our opinion as to what are the most useful starting places for research. Since this list concentrates on works that are easily available and useful to a person unacquainted with the history of the Holocaust, many excellent books which are rare or out of print are not listed. Another class of books that are not included is works that are controversial because of their contents or the unusual theories they propose. Some of these are excellent works, others are not. But we feel that the reader for whom this list was compiled would not have the knowledge needed to evaluate these discussions of the legitimate controversies about the Holocaust. Just as a medical student must learn anatomy before he or she is taught surgery, someone studying the Holocaust must know the factual background before some of the more technical studies can be understood. As well as general works we have included books of specialized interest concerning the matters about which we at The Holocaust History Project are most frequently asked. Many of these books deal with more than one subject, but in the interest of brevity we have not cited a book more than once. General history of the...
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...The Nuremberg Trials was created to bring justice to the Nazis. Nuremberg Trials took place in 1945 - 1949. The Nuremberg Trials had over 13 trials in Nuremberg. The defendants were German industrialists, lawyers and doctors were charged for crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and a common or conspiracy to commit. Adolf Hitler committed suicide and was never brought to trial. (Encyclopædia Britannica, inc.) There was 216 court sessions. On october 1, 1946 there was 22 of the 24 original defendants 2 of them committed suicide during the trial. On December 1942, leaders of Great Britain, United States, and Soviet Union “issued the first joint declaration officially noting the mass murder of European Jewry and resolving to prosecute those responsible for violence against civilian populations,”. (A+E Networks) The Soviet Union wanted to execute 100,000 of the high ranking Nazi Officers. Winston Churchill (The British Prime Minister) talked about the possibility to execute without trial. But the Americans persuaded the other nations to do a criminal trial since it would be more effective. Among other things it would require extra documentation of the crimes charges against the defendants and prevent any accusations later on that the defendants have been blamed for...
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...The Holocaust was probably one of the most devastating human death events to ever occur. The term Holocaust actually is the root of the word “holokauston” which in term means “sacrifice by fire.” This was the perfect term seeing how Jews were tormented. Plenty of Jews also used the word Shoah when describing the Holocaust since it is defined as devastation, ruin, or waste.” (Holocaust Facts) It all started when Adolf Hitler was put as the ruler of Germany after World War I. He had the right chance to claim power for Germany because everyone was devastated because of World War I. The Treaty of Versailles destroyed Germany’s economy, industries, facilities, and almost all their land was lost. Adolf Hitler came in and raised the people’s confidence in saying they can do anything they can. Once he did this, people started supporting him. With the power of the people and the government on his side, Hitler associated the Enabling Act. It was officially called the Law for Removing the Distress of the People and the Reich. If passed, it would be the end of democracy in Germany and make Adolf Hitler the dictator of Germany. (Holocaust Facts) With Hitler as the new ruler of Germany he started his so called attempt of a “Perfect Race.” On April 1, 1933, the Nazis started their first action against German Jews by making a boycott of all Jewish-run businesses. (United States Memorial Holocaust and Genocide Studies) At this time, The Nuremberg Trials were being held. These trials were held...
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...Jerold Maxwell Mr. Rzyski English 2 2 May 2014 After World War II the Nuremberg trials lasted from 1946 through 1949. The Nuremberg trials was one of the biggest events during the mid 1940s . The Nuremburg trials attempted to bring many Nazi leaders to justice but some of the officers of the Third Reich were not catch until many years later. Including these two major leaders Hermann Goering and Rudolph Hess. The Nuremberg trials was took place in Nuremberg, Germany. It involved twenty – four top ranking survivors of the National Socialist German Workers Party. “The subsequent trials were held throughout Germany and involved approximately two hundred additional defendants, including Nazi physicians who performed vile experiments on human...
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...To what extent the Doctor’s Trial held in Nuremberg established a precedent in human experimentation and human rights movement? Table of Contents A. Plan of Investigation………………………………………………………………………3 B. Summary of Evidence………………………………………………………………………...4-7 C. Evaluation of Sources…………………………………………………………………………….8 D. Analysis……………………………………………………………………………9 E. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………10 F. Bibliography………………………………………………………………………11 G. Appendix A. Plan of Investigation This investigation assesses to what extent was the significance of the Doctor’s Trial in establishing a precedent for human experimentation and the advancement of the human rights movement. The body of evidence would contain all the events that lead to a change of the view of human experimentation and rights. The researcher evaluated the process in which the Doctor’s Trial at Nuremberg marked an example to human rights today and how the Nuremberg Code helped exercise the decisions made at the Nuremberg trials. Primary sources as the partial transcript of the Doctor’s trial were used to evaluate the contribution of the verdicts made at the trials to human rights. Documents will be analyzed in regards to their origin, purpose, value, and limitations in order to properly evaluate the evidence. B. Summary of Evidence On December 9, 1946, an American military tribunal opened criminal proceedings against twenty-three leading German physicians and administrators for their...
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...Following the devastation in Europe caused by World War II and the horrors of the Holocaust committed by the Nazis, the Nuremberg Trials established important guidelines for determining what constitutes a war crime. Prior to the principles set by these trials, soldiers were not held accountable for their actions during war which explains why the Nazis followed the orders of Hitler instead of their morals. This was due to the fact that they would not be punished. With the Nuremberg Trials, precedents were set to establish what soldiers could specifically be tried for, which lessened confusions in the justice system after the...
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...Hitler sees an opportunity, where a country wants to no longer be seen as a loser but as a victorious country. Hitler spread ideologies than soon were being adopted throughout Germany, and soon the rest of Europe. During his reign, several innocent people, the Jews, suffered from injustices, were robbed, where killed just to say the least. World War II ended up being one of the most aggressive wars known to mankind. This war came to an end 1945 where the winning side were the Allies: United States, France, Great Britain, and Russia, the Allies wanted a trial for the war crimes that were committed by the Nazis. Hitler had committed suicide right after Germany had surrender but the Nazi commanders that were captured awaited a different destiny. The Nuremberg Trails was a trail were the Allies...
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...“Hate and intolerance are the catalysts for the destruction of a family, of a culture, and a nation”, by Werner Gellert, chair of The New Mexico Holocaust and Intolerance Museum and Study Center. (history:www.nmholocaustmuseum.com) It is vital to remember and pass to a new generation the history and lessons of the Holocaust since over 5.7 million Jewish people had their lives taken away by a man who was intolerant of their religion. The largest numbers of victims of the Holocaust were Polish citizens. Adolf Hitler tried to destroy a nation by destroying families who were targeted because of their religion and culture. George Santayana said, “Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” (history: quoteland.com) This quote explains why the lessons and history of the Holocaust need to be passed on to student’s today and future generations of students. Students need to clearly understand why Hitler wanted to rid Europe of the Jewish people, what was done to them in the concentration camps, how the families were split apart, and how he tried to destroy the Jewish religion and culture. The Holocaust plays an important role in world history. The word genocide was developed after events in Europe, between 1933 and 1945, called for a legal concept to be used to describe the “deliberate destruction of a larger group.” Genocide became a crime punishable under international law. (Genocide:britannica.com) The United Nations had difficulty defining the term “war...
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...The Einsatzgruppen’s special task was to go from town to town, behind the front lines, and “cleanse” the towns of the Jews. There were no gas chambers or deportation of the Jews to killing centers, just one “man assassinating another man” (Desbois, pp. 55). During the Nuremberg trials, the head of Einsatzgruppe D told a psychologist, “A bullet, a Jew. A Jew, a cartridge” (Desbois, pp. 53, 224). Father Desbois was told that nothing remained or that “We don’t know anything about that” but he was determined to find proof (Desbois, pp. 29). During his journey to discover the truth, Desbois found cartridge cases, other ballistic proof and three types of witnesses: indirect, those who had heard the stories; direct, those who had been present at the assassinations and those who had been requisitioned to help the Germans (Desbois, pp.74-75). Until this undisputable truth, the killing fields of the Ukraine remained relatively unknown because no one wanted to talk about it, entire villages seeming to pretend these atrocious...
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...significant bearing on his career in the SS. Eichmann was adept at learning practical skills on the job, under the tutelage of seniors he respected. While he continued to live at home, he ranged over Upper Austria selling oil products, locating sites for petrol stations, and setting them up. He also arranged kerosene deliveries. On Saturday he conscientiously completed his paperwork and reported to his superiors. Eichmann did well and was transferred to the Salzburg district. But by 1933 he had tired of the job and, anyway, was laid off. He had learned a lot, though: how to identify prime sites at communication junctions, how to timetable and organise deliveries, how to sell a product and persuade people to do your bidding. During his trial he pretended to be apolitical, but Eichmann came from a strongly German nationalist family. Like many Germans his father lost his wealth during the post-war economic crisis and had the embittering experience of starting all over again. He enrolled his son in the Wandervogel youth movement which, while ostensibly apolitical, was strongly imbued with völkisch ideas about the Heimat (homeland). Later, Eichmann joined the Linz branch of the Heimschutz, a right wing paramilitary association of army veterans. In April 1932, he joined the Nazi party. At the instigation of the local gauleiter, who knew his family, he attended a Nazi rally and was approached...
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...would follow authority if they could pass off responsibility for their own actions to the authority figure. Milgram wanted to understand how the German people permitted the extermination of Jews, Roma, the disabled, and many more. This experiment was conducted in order to understand the behavior of the Nazi Germany in the Holocaust. Most of the Nazi war criminals put on trial for war crimes pleaded that they were only following instruction from authority. Their defenses were based on obedience to their superiors. Milgram did not think that the Holocaust was an isolated instance of human behavior particular to the German people, he wondered if this was a general response to authority. Like the Holocaust Milgram found that people would typically perform the instructions that an authority figure instructed, going even as far as severely hurting or killing an individual, as long as they could place responsibility on the authority figures. This brings to light the dangers of group behavior and blind obedience to authority. The defenses of those who implemented the shocks on the “learners” often matched those of the war criminals from the Nuremberg War Criminal Trials. Ordinary people who acted decently in everyday life could act inhumane and without compassion when under instruction from a superior. There were many ethical issues in the Milgram Experiment and most likely an experiment of this type will never again be conducted. Participants were put in extremely stressful situations...
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...Book Review Parallel Journeys Parallel Journeys, by Eleanor Ayer with Helen Waterford and Alfons Heck, compares the life of two young people in Germany during the rise of Hitler and the outbreak of World War II. They were born within sixty miles of each other, but their lives took dramatically different paths. Alfons, is a boy who grew up on a farm in Germany. When Hitler came to power he became involved with the Hitler Youth. Alfons grew up on a farm but was a Nazi boy who became a commander at age sixteen. This book truly depicts Hitler's impact and influence on the youth of Germany. Alfons was brainwashed by Hitler's promises, a full pledged Nazi youth is how it is presented in the book he participated in all rallies. He started his training to become the future of Germany and eventually of the world. There he learned discipline and order. He trained to become a soldier and he learned the ways of warfare. He was taught to be a follower of anti-Semitism and was told to hate the Jewish people. He along with millions of Nazi’s believed that they were the reason for Germany's problems. As years went by, Alfons rose through the ranks of the military until the end of the war where realized what atrocities had been committed, he than took off his uniform and went on to help people. On the other side of the spectrum we have Helen Waterford a young Jewish girl who grew up in Frankfurt, Germany. She married Siegfried Wohlfarth and moved to Amsterdam because of tension brewing...
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