...The leading cause of the African American slave trade in the 15th - 19th centuries was that Trade ships profited from the exploitation of the slaves which were used as workers in the Americas in order to produce cheap materials for America. According to document A, The colonization of the Americas created an increased demand for slaves labors. The slaves came from local groups in Africa that raided another tribe and took hostages. These hostages were then sold for main guns or other materials and goods. This made many great powers rise up and gain strength. They even sold some of their own people by corrupting the judicial system. According to document B, Made many rich and brought the world together. The slaves were not happy with the new...
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...The Atlantic Slave Trade was in the mid fifth tenth century that Europeans began trading and capturing slaves from the African continent the three main points is African were forced into slavery, Native American population declined and Alfonzo letter to stop slave trade. My thesis is that these main points were the reason why Europe corrupted that point of time. Native American population depopulated due to disease and war and could not provide enough work and the proof is in Document 1 which says that they declined because Europeans had brought disease and the Spaniards did not want to do the work themselves which to the Europeans access to another cheap labor which was the African Slave Trade and then document 6 it tells us that America is being depopulated which was where the Natives were, and in document 7 King Alfonzo letter says mentioned merchants are taking every day our natives which started the depopulation....
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...Middle Passage was the triangular slave trade route between 1450 and 1860. It was called the triangular trade because he trade was between three countries. First, commercial goods were shipped to Africa for and traded for African slaves. The slaves were then brought to the Americas in exchange for raw materials. Finally the materials were brought back to Europe to complete the triangle. “For weeks, months, sometimes as long as a year, they waited in the dungeons of the slave factories scattered along Africa's western coast. They had already made the long, difficult journey from Africa's interior but just barely. Out of the roughly 20 million who were taken from their homes and sold into slavery, half didn't complete the journey to the African coast, most of those dying along the way” (T.M.P. 1) The Middle Passage was used by many ships carrying slaves to the Americas. African slaves were brought to the New World unwillingly. They were either purchased or kidnapped. The Middle Passage took about ninety days. However, at times it would take roughly a few months to transport Africans. None of them knew of the horrible journey they were about to encounter. “The system by which these human beings were been transported across the ocean was reported to be the worst of its kind in the history of mankind” (Adeuyan 40). The conditions aboard the ships crossing the Atlantic were horrible. Hundreds of slaves were packed below the deck of the ships. Slaves had to go to the bathroom right...
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...African-Americans have been fighting to end racial discrimination and attain equality and their due civil rights ever since slavery began here in the United States. Slavery started many years before the first slaves came to the United States in the year 1619. Dutch and Portuguese explorers started slavery by kidnapping men, women and children from West and Central Africa. Many Africans lost their lives during the kidnappings in the initial struggle of fighting for their freedom and to remain in their native country. It was not uncommon for the newly kidnapped African slaves to rebel and to commit suicide as well. T.L. Snyder (2010), a Professor of American Studies at California State University in Fullerton, California wrote that “from the start of the transatlantic slave trade, mariners, merchants, and masters exchanged reports of slave suicide along with their human traffic, and they noted alarmingly that captive Africans often responded to enslavement by destroying themselves.” Slavery, for hundreds of years, would cause additional loss of life and suicide resulting from the destruction to the slave’s dignity and pride, the displacement from family and country, loss of personal freedom, brutal mistreatments of rape, whipping, shackles, poor hygienic conditions and inadequate nutrition provided by clave traders and slave masters. The enduring fight and struggles to end racial discrimination plus attain equality and civil rights will continue to be an ongoing battle...
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...Name: Shivansh Agarwal Roll no: B10031 Quiz 2 paper The picture which has been shown in the paper clearly represents that the women sitting belongs to rich family and are enjoying their time drinking tea in porcelain dishes. The tea is sweetened by sugar. The background given in the picture also gives a good idea that these women belong to rich family. The wooden equipment could be interpreted as a musical instrument which can be acquired from a foreign country. While the Chinese people would feel fear in displaying things which they would get as a part of trade or gifts Europeans were quite fond of displaying artifacts which they would acquire from different countries as a result of trade or whatever means they could, be it war or raid or exploitation of people. The porcelain dishes displayed all came from china and were synonymy as china or chinaware. The sweetener which is used to sweeten tea had come from the European colonies in America. This represents that by the seventeenth century Europeans had established their networks in all part of the world. Porcelain is a ceramic which is obtained at heating ceramics at a very high temperature around 1300 degree high enough to give it a glassy appearance and in the middle is fused with cobalt blue. Europeans were quite impressed by this blue and white mixture and thought of them as classy. Chinese Porcelain was so thin that you could see the impression of your fingers from the other side in presence of light. When Porcelain first...
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...slavery and a slave owner) had no African Americans. To take advantage of the slaves’ oppression, England established Emancipation for Blacks to fight. Blacks joined with the hopes of being free upon England winning the war. Unfortunately for them, the colonist who had later incorporated Blacks into their fighting force won. After the war, the northern states abolished slavery, but the south did not. Slavery was the center of their economy. During the time that the United States of America was being born into a nation. One of the founding fathers Thomas Jefferson (another advocate for slavery and slave owner) was at the Aid of Napoleon. The Atlantic slave trade was becoming unpopular in the West, Haiti was in a state of rebellion, and America due to international pressure voted to opt out of the slave trade. Though they voted to discontinue the Atlantic slave trade during the Constitutional convention, it lingered on for twenty years. The vote wouldn’t be put into effect until after Napoleons’ failure, and Louisiana was sold to the English colonist by the French who returned to France. After 1808, no more Africans were bought to the United States. Cotton was on the rise and the domestic slave trade had begun. The South did everything to hold on to slavery. They even manipulated the system by counting slaves as people in the census though at the time blacks were not considered people. This allowed thee South to have greater representation in government. Lives of slaves were ruined...
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...humiliating. In particular, there is one which has been historically long lasting; the Transatlantic African slave trade. This long and grueling migration paved the way for new races and culture. African Americans thrive all over the world but unfortunately descendants from this race did not come to the Americas on their own free will. A world altering voyage and conquest took shape when Christopher Columbus traveled and discovered the Americas in 1492 (1). Historically true, the America’s took shape but not without risk, sacrifice, or discrimination of a divine civilization. Columbus was on venture seeking route to Asia, in turn; found an untouched land devoured by Native Americans (2). Being distracted new ideas and opportunities, he reset is path. The mark of the Columbian Exchange happened; bringing the eventual commerce of food, disease, culture, power and new races (3). All of the changes were not as promising or good. The transatlantic slave trade brought new life but also brought darker times. Columbus didn’t develop this concept, he actually adapted to it. Although, slavery in the America’s was a forced and free transition, the continent of Africa provided the part of the migrating idea: African slavery and slave trading existed long before European disclosure (4). Since the concept was adapted from one of the countries who defined slavery long before the 19th century, slaves adhered to slavers or masters; this was also contributed from Africa. Men, women and children...
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...ability 14) Condescending-showing or implying a usually patronizing descent from dignity or superiority. 15) Feudalism- nobility held lands from the crown and were also protected by the crown. 16) Steadfast- performing the duties expected or required of one 17) Subdue- Overcome 18) Serf- an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate. 19) Servitude- he state of being a slave or completely subject to someone more powerful. 20) Communal- Shared by all members in the community 21) Stark- Severe or bare in appearance or outline. 22) Breadth- The distance or measurement from side to side of something. 23) Scruples- a feeling of doubt. 24) Illicit-forbidden by law, rules, or custom. 25) Beget- Bring a child into the world through reproduction. The Essay After reading chapter 2 of ``A Peoples History of the United States`` I felt frustrated because it shows how greed controls people. In ``Drawing the Color Line`` Zinn tells us the purpose of bringing slaves to the Americas. Slaves were the answer to everyone’s problems the Indians...
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...The Atlantic slave trade started on the Gold Coast, present day Ghana, about twelve million Africans were transported to the America’s. African slaves became the main focus of trade between Africa and Europe. American colonization demanded labor, but since the Native American’s could not work with European’s because theytheir populations were thinning out, they focused on the enslaved African people. African slave trade helped the wealth and growth of America but at the cost of humanity. African American Mosaic by John H. Bracey Jr. tells the stories of the slave trade in West Africa, on the middle passage and in America. It suggests that West Africa were willing to capture other Africans for weapons and wealth. The story of Olaudah Equiano was about how he was kidnapped by other Africans and taken through the woods to the beach where a slave ship was waiting for him. “Was carried on board I was immediately handled, and tossed up, to see if I were sound, by some of the crew; and I was now persuaded that I had gotten into a world of bad spirits, and that they were going to kill me (Bracey, 16).” This is probably how every African felt when they were forced onto that slave ship to sail to an unknown land. Equiano also talked about how dirty and digusting the slaves ships were. “I was soon put down under the decks, and there I received such a salutation in my nostrils as I had never experienced in my life (Bracey, 16).” Also according to Alexander Falconbridge, “The deck, that...
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...10. mercantilism (p. 468) Quiz #2 1. caravel (p. 384) 2. conquistadors (p. 394) 3. Columbian Exchange (p. 431) 4. maritime (p. 402) 5. manumission . (p.467) 6. coerced labor systems (p.475) 7. plantation cash crop (p.470) 8. tariffs (p.469) 9. indigenous (p.393) 10. encomiendas (p. 439) 11. serfs (p.529) 12. mestizo (pp. 442 – 45) Historical Thinking Skills: Periodization, Causation, Contextualization Timeline Exercise: Annotate the timeline with two facts about the important effects of each event Unit 3: 1450–1750 (Early Modern) 1453 Ottomans captured Constantinople; end of Byzantine 1450s Gutenberg’s Printing Press; Portuguese expand trade in West Africa: Benin, Kongo 1483 Babur conquered northern India, and founded the Mughal Empire 1492 Reconquista completed; Columbus claimed Americas for Spain 1498 Vasco da Gama attacked Calicut 1517 Martin Luther posted 95 theses...
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...labor supply than was available through the importation of European servants and irregularly supplied African slaves. At first the Dutch supplied the slaves, as well as the credit, capital, technological expertise, and marketing arrangements. After the restoration of the English monarch following the Commonwealth (1642-60), the King and other members of the royal family invested in the Company of Royal Adventurers, chartered in 1663, to pursue of the lucrative African slave trade. That company was succeeded by the Royal Africa Company in 1672, but the supply still failed to meet the demand, and all types of private traders entered the transatlantic commerce. Between 1518 and 1870, the transatlantic slave trade supplied the greatest proportion of the Caribbean population. As sugarcane cultivation increased and spread from island to island--and to the neighboring mainland as well--more Africans were brought to replace those who died rapidly and easily under the rigorous demands of labor on the plantations, in the sugar factories, and in the mines. Acquiring and transporting Africans to the New World became a big and extremely lucrative business. From a modest trickle in the early sixteenth century, the trade increased to an annual import rate of about 2,000 in 1600, 13,000 in 1700, and 55,000 in 1810. Between 1811 and 1870, about 32,000 slaves per year were imported. As with all trade, the operation fluctuated widely, affected by regular market factors of supply and demand as well...
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...Nicole Portuondo AMH2091-01, Fall 2014 The Atlantic Slave Trade transported millions of Africans from West Africa to the New World. The process of transporting them was brutal and contained many hardships for the Africans. The Europeans saw the Africans as animals and savages, who deserved to be treated as such. The Middle Passage, the overseas voyage to the New World, was the most grueling part of the slave trade. The voyage lasted for months at a time and the conditions only got worse as time went on, Europeans would use Africans for their personal entertainment. On the Middle Passage, African’s experiences differed greatly; men chose to rebel, women were taken advantage of, and many became diseased or died. African men felt that they needed to do anything in their power to escape from the misery of enslavement. While on these ships, they would try to overthrow the Europeans with slave rebellions. The rebellions were hard to plan because many Africans were from different nations and did not all speak the same language. Blacks studied their oppressors and would look for any chance to take advantage of their errors, “Insurrections are frequently the consequence; which are seldom expressed without much bloodshed” (Falconbridge). The Europeans had no mercy on blacks and blacks had no mercy on the Europeans; they were thrown overboard, shot at, and beaten. In Roots, Kunta Kinte and his fellow African men seized the opportunity to steal the shackle key from the ship hands while...
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...THE SLAVE TRADE Portugal and Spain were the first to take advantage of the Age of Exploration. The two countries began their colonial activities in the fifteenth century and became great colonial powers. Later, in the seventeenth century, the Dutch, followed by the French and then the British joined in the colonization activities. The Portuguese sailed around Africa as part of their exploration activities, and their main objective was to find a route to the Spice Islands. The Spice Islands are a group of islands in eastern Indonesia. Although the initial objective of the Portuguese sailing around Africa was to find a route to the Spice Islands, they later realized that they could make some gains or profits from Africa itself. Due to this new idea, the Portuguese constructed forts on both the western and eastern coasts of Africa. One of the economic interests of the Portuguese after they had settled on the coasts of Africa was to dominate and control the trade in gold, which was an important natural resource in Africa. Later in the seventeenth century, the Dutch took control of a number of the Portuguese forts as well as much of the Portuguese trade across the Indian Ocean. The Origins of the Slave Trade Slavery was being practised in the world long before the colonisation of Africa by Europe. You would recall that in our study of the First Civilisations, we came across slaves. Before the Europeans came to Africa in the fifteenth century, most of the slaves that existed were prisoners...
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...In Frederick Douglass’ “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?” Douglass gives a well written empathetic speech on the ignored truth and irony about the celebration of Independence Day. His descriptive and impactful retellings of the inhumane practices used in the slave trade gave listeners a revelation that slaves were more than items and laborers but were people just like them. His description of the slaves’ trials and tribulations as families, mothers, fathers, brothers and sisters gave a relative point for listeners to second guess the trusted idea that slavery was only a business practice akin to selling cattle. He finally made slaves look like people in the eyes of the American citizen Douglass’ history as a former slave further pushes his point of how terrible slavery can be. Being a part of it firsthand gives a sense of surrealism to the situation since Douglass is not only speaking of slavery from things he’s only seen but situations he has experienced. If he was a man that had never gone through slavery I doubt his words would have made as much as an impact. Being an ex-slave Douglass can give the ugly but necessary truth of what slavery does to people. Douglass’ overall tone of the essay, to me, does seem angry. He puts down the unjust celebration of freedom by the American citizens all the while recalling the atrocities of slavery that exist alongside it. It’s impossible for to see his speech come off as anything but angry. To summarize, Frederick Douglass’ speech...
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...Atlantic Slave Trade Essay The Atlantic Slave Trade involved the transportation of slaves that were taken from African and were to be brought to the New World. It was a long voyage and it was difficult to have to manage so many slaves and make sure that they made it to their destination in order to be sold off. The Atlantic Slave Trade brought with it the problem of overpopulation to the colonies so laws had to be passed to have them under legal control. Although the colonies were becoming heavily populated, bringing slaves included getting cheap or free labor which benefited the slave owners. They gained freedom to focus more on that would affect them and therefore were more involved in politics to make sure that no laws would take away what they saw as benefits. To prevent rebellions on ships,...
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