...which expresses the author’s position on the topic and previews what the entire paper is about. You learn more about writing effective introductions later in this course. Supporting Paragraphs Every paragraph after your introduction must be a supporting paragraph. A supporting paragraph supports or proves your thesis. All supporting paragraphs must include a topic sentence. You may then develop the supporting paragraphs within your paper by using one or more of the following methods: • Examples and illustrations • Data, facts, or historical or personal details • A simple story, or narrative • Descriptions • Division and classification • Analysis • Process analysis • Definitions • Cause-effect • Comparison-contrast • Argument The previous paragraph about journals used examples to support the topic sentence. Consider the paragraph following the introduction:...
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...Chapter 9 Strategic Organization – Organizing speech to achieve particular result with particular audience Main Points – Major points developed in body of speech; most speeches have 2-5 Chronological order – Main points follow time pattern Spatial order – Main points follow directional pattern Causal order – Main points show cause-effect relationship Problem-Solution order – First main point (The problem); second main point (The solution) Topical order – Main points divide topic into logical, consistent subtopics Tips for main points – Keep points separate; try for same pattern of wording; balance time devoted to each Supporting materials – Materials used to support speaker’s ideas Connective – Word or phrase connecting ideas Types of connectives – Transition; internal preview; internal summary; signpost Transition – Indicates speaker has finished one thought & is moving to another Internal preview – Statement in body indicating what speaker will discuss next Internal summary – Statement in body summarizing preceding points Signposts – Brief statement showing where speaker is or focusing attention on key ideas Chapter 10 Introduction – Gain attention/interest; reveal topic; establish credibility/goodwill; preview body Gaining attention – Relate topic to audience; state importance of topic; startle audience; arouse curiosity; question audience; begin with quotation; tell story Credibility – Perception of speaker’s qualifications Goodwill – Perception...
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...Abstract We live and work in a world that is constantly changing which drives today’s organizations to embrace a philosophy of hiring people that can lead employees through change in order to survive. Companies are forever changing due to internal and external forces such as, new technologies, competition, new ideas, profitability expectations, new leadership, and employee turnover. Organizations expect leaders to be a catalyst for change, therefore, the leader cannot afford to stick his or her head in the sand whenever change is occurring and hope the situation will quietly pass them by. Learning to manage high-velocity change is one of the most important leadership skills for a person to master for themselves, their employees, and the organization. What Leaders Need To Know About Managing Change Many of the changes that occurred in the last 18 months were unpredictable, or at least unpredicted, like the crash of the housing market, the collapse of numerous home mortgage and lending institutions, the near meltdown of the big-three U. S. automakers, and the millions of unemployed workers. The implication of the unpredictable nature of change for organizations is clear: although in many cases they may not be able to anticipate change, they can always be fast adapters (Lawler, et al., 2006). In uncertain and rapidly changing environments, organizations are challenged to accomplish two often-conflicting objectives: performing well against a current set of environmental...
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...system within the United States believes punishments to be favorably perceived as retribution practices. The criminal justice system in today’s society uses four forms of punishment so that it will deter criminal activity. Some people within society would say these types of punishments are cruel; however, each punishment has its own uniqueness. The effectiveness of Punishment and Rehabilitation According to (Benson, 2003), some people believe rehabilitation has taken a second row to control on today’s crime. The approach that takes punishment will be a prison sentence as a main function. This particular approach causes overcrowding in the prison system, which will have a definite effect on the crime rates (Benson, 2003). Due to this particular step within the United States the prison population has a growth of approximately two million people in prison and jail. The past 25 years generates massive amounts of research literature that states the main reasons to criminal behavior. The particular finding of the research believes the individual approach to crime prevention will need the components of a community-based approach. The research also suggests the pessimistic of nothing works attitude towards rehabilitation will help justify the punitive prison policies in the 1970s. When a prison properly implements the work programs, education, and psychotherapy it will ease a prisoner’s transition to the free world (Benson, 2003). Last researchers believe the power of punishment will deter...
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...|Entrance Vocabulary |Most frequently vocabulary | |Listening |Endings, plural, vowel sounds |Listening Exercises | |Speaking |Endings, plural, vowel sounds |Practice Pronunciation | |Reading Skills |Word Formation (1) |Prefix/ Suffix/ Roots (Biology Prefix – Suffix) | |Vocabulary |Entrance Vocabulary |Most frequently vocabulary | |Listening |Cluster sounds |Listening Exercises | |Speaking |Cluster sounds |Practice Pronunciation | |Writing |Spelling rules |Word spelling | |Vocabulary |Entrance Vocabulary |Most frequently vocabulary | |Grammar...
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...Impacts on the Livelihoods of Small Farm Holders and the Environment in Southeast Asia Due to the loss of Swidden Agriculture Swidden agriculture is a long standing and common practice in many tropical areas in the World. In Southeast Asia in particular, the method for growing maize, rice and other fruits and vegetables is mainly still Swidden agriculture. The small scale farm holders in Southeast Asia, have used this technique for centuries and to them, it is the only way they know to grow food and keep from going hungry.The term swidden is a hard word to define, being so broad and because many scientists and people have had trouble agreeing on definitions for the term. This and the relatively small amount of research and data on farms that use swidden creates holes in existing literature. An increasing problem that small farm holders who use the practice of swidden are facing is the intervention of governments which has sparked added impacts. Understanding the implications of the demise of swidden and the practice itself by both governments and people, can help small farm holders and communities gain more from the loss. This paper will outline the effects of the loss of swidden agriculture on the environment and livelihoods of people in Southeast Asia and how there can be alternatives. The way that I conducted my research was both the use of the University of Oregon library web access and the Internet for certain clips and videos. Through the library I used peer reviewed...
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...* above, below Exemplification or Illustration * to illustrate * to demonstrate * specifically * for instance * as an illustration * e.g., (for example) * for example Comparison * in the same way * by the same token * similarly * in like manner * likewise * in similar fashion Contrast * yet * and yet * nevertheless * nonetheless * after all * but * however * though * otherwise * on the contrary * in contrast * notwithstanding * on the other hand * at the same time Clarification * that is to say * in other words * to explain * i.e., (that is) * to clarify * to rephrase it * to put it another way Cause * because * since * on account of * for that reason Effect * therefore * consequently * accordingly * thus * hence * as a result Purpose * in order that * so that * to that end, to this end * for this purpose Qualification * almost * nearly * probably * never *...
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...answer. In the exam you should spend one hour on this section of the paper. Given the greater demand of the task, your response to the poetry is worth more marks than the response to the prose. In order to perform at the highest level on this paper, it is important that you develop a nuanced and sophisticated comparative written style. However, this is achievable if you adopt a systematic approach to ordering and writing your responses. It does, however, demand considerable practice prior to the final examination. What is the Examiner looking for in a response to the Poetry? The exam is designed to test your ability to do the following things: Can you respond to the poems critically, in detail, and sensitively using textual evidence? Can Can you explore language, structure and form contribute to the meaning of texts? Can Can you compare the ways that ideas, themes and relationships are presented in the poems by selecting Can pertinent details from the texts? In other words you need to: Write a detailed and nuanced comparison of the poems considering how the language and form contribute to the overall meaning of the poems, and the relationships, themes and ideas that the poets are trying to present to the audience. What is the Examiner looking for in an A* response to the Poetry? An A*...
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...Merger Scenario on the student website. Write a 700- to 1,050-word memo that includes the following information: Explain how a manager’s behavior can affect the productivity of his or her workers. Describe the types of management action that align with employment laws and those that do not. Describe best practices for working within a diverse work environment. Note. Be sure to draw from your experiences and readings for each aspect of your memo. APA format is not required for this memo; however, you must include a title page and a references page. MEMORANDUM To: First-level Managers From: Sanjay Patel, Sales Manager Re: InterClean – EnviroTech Merger Date: February 21, 2011 First and foremost I would like to confirm the rumors you have been hearing about InterClean merging with EnviroTech. This is an exciting time for InterClean, as we look at this merger as a great opportunity for our company to gain market share and build for future success. While this merger may cause some uneasiness among our employees, it is vital for our management team to stay professional and address our employees concerns thru this transition. I’m sure a lot of our employees will feel threatened by the merger. It is important for each member of the company to understand this merger provides an excellent opportunity for InterClean and its employees. Until we can create an internal strategy for the transition, it is important that our managers keep a positive attitude and...
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...A BRIEF CONTENTS PART 1 • GETTING STARTED 1. Becoming a Public Speaker 2. From A to Z: Overview of a Speech 3. Managing Speech Anxiety 4. Ethical Public Speaking 5. Listeners and Speakers 1 2 8 1 4 23 30 PART 2 • DEVELOPMENT 6. Analyzing the Audience 7. Selecting a Topic and Purpose 8. Developing Supporting Material 9. Locating Supporting Material 10. Doing Effective Internet Research 1 Citing Sources in Your Speech 1. 36 37 49 57 64 73 83 PART 3 • ORGANIZATION 1 Organizing the Speech 2. 1 Selecting an Organizational Pattern 3. 1 Outlining the Speech 4. 92 93 103 1 10 PART 4 • STARTING, FINISHING, AND STYLING 15. Developing the Introduction and Conclusion 16. Using Language 1 22 1 23 1 31 PART 5 • DELIVERY 1 Choosing a Method of Delivery 7. 18. Controlling the Voice 19. Using the Body 1 39 1 40 1 44 1 48 PART 6 • PRESENTATION AIDS 20. Types of Presentation Aids 21. Designing Presentation Aids 22. A Brief Guide to Microsoft PowerPoint 154 155 161 164 PART 7 • TYPES OF SPEECHES 23. Informative Speaking 24. Persuasive Speaking 25. Speaking on Special Occasions 1 74 1 75 188 21 7 PART 8 • THE CLASSROOM AND BEYOND 230 26. Typical Classroom Presentation Formats 27. Science and Mathematics Courses 28. Technical Courses 29. Social Science Courses 30. Arts and Humanities Courses 31. Education Courses 32. Nursing and Allied Health Courses 33. Business Courses and Business Presentations 34. Presenting in Teams 35. Communicating in Groups 231 236 240 243 246 248 25 1 253 258...
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...discover their core passions and optimal health. Supporting them in their lifestyle changes that move them toward a state of optimal health. The optimal health being the balance of physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and intellectual health. (AJHP Sept/Oct 2009) Purpose: The purpose of health promotion in nursing is increase the knowledge of not only our patients but of the general public in prevention of diseases and increase in awareness of optimal health. The emergence of the computer age allows for more access to knowledge. The resources are endless. It is the job of the nurse to be as much up-to-date as possible. The General Theory implies that health nursing General Systems Theory supports community health nursing practices and primary prevention interventions. "General Systems Theory states that a change in any one part of the health care system, no matter how small, will create a change of some degree in the total system. This theory also stresses the importance of reciprocal feedback within the system and outside the system" (Harris, 2007, para. 5). This is similar concept to the movie “Pay it Forward. “ We need to educate and prevent today to change tomorrow. Three Levels There are three levels of health promotion: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary is all the education and Prevention done prior to a problem. Secondary, is the testing and screening on regular basis to help prevent disease. Such as blood pressure screening. Tertiary,...
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...SECTION IV SCEPTICAL DOUBTS CONCERNING THE OPERATIONS OF THE UNDERSTANDING PART I All the objects of human reason or enquiry may naturally be divided into two kinds, to wit, Relations of Ideas, and Matters of Fact. Of the first kind are the sciences of Geometry, Algebra, and Arithmetic; and in short, every affirmation which is either intuitively or demonstratively certain. That the square of the hypothenuse is equal to the square of the two sides, is a proposition which expresses a relation between these figures. That three times five is equal to the half of thirty, expresses a relation between these numbers. Propositions of this kind are discoverable by the mere operation of thought, without dependence on what is anywhere existent in the universe. Though there never were a circle or triangle in nature, the truths demonstrated by Euclid would for ever retain their certainty and evidence. Matters of fact, which are the second objects of human reason, are not ascertained in the same manner; nor is our evidence of their truth, however great, of a like nature with the foregoing. The contrary of every matter of fact is still possible; because it can never imply a contradiction, and is conceived by the mind with the same facility and distinctness, as if ever so conformable to reality. That the sun will not rise to-morrow is no less intelligible a proposition, and implies no more contradiction than the affirmation, that it will rise. We should in vain, therefore, attempt to demonstrate...
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...Passage analysis from The Lottery by Shirley Jackson (355 words) The opening paragraphs of The Lottery by Shirley Jackson establish a scene of peaceful normality in a small village where the inhabitants are gathering on a summer’s morning to complete a traditional ritual. The selected passage describes the preparations for the lottery that is held every year in the square, organized by two respected men from the village. The relaxed informal mood of the opening paragraphs is maintained, however a sense of foreboding continues to grow as the reader is confronted with some unsettling questions. Jackson creates a scene where the characters are familiar with each other and are ostensibly relaxed and peaceful people. The adjectives used to describe Mr Summers – even his name suggests a cheerful man – are “round-faced” and “jovial” and the informal, friendly tone developed through gesture and dialogue when he “waved and called “Little late today, folks” clearly convey that this is not a man to be feared. The activities with which he is associated, “the square dances, the teen club, the Halloween program” characterize him as a man to be trusted, one who is interested in community affairs. The other villagers even feel sympathy for him because he has “no children and his wife (is) a scold”. Elements of disquiet, however, are subtly introduced into this seemingly calm and casual scene. A second character is introduced, Mr Graves – again, the name is telling – who brings forth a “black...
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...March 21, 2012 Effects of the Transition to a Visual Culture Lucinda Whitfield Western Governor University The world has begun to move to a culture full of visual images, this transition has even had an impact on literature and has shaped our world into a visual culture. In this paper, the writer will investigate the effects of visual literacy on society. Visual images are observed in many facets of global society. Vast amounts of information today is embedded in forms of media that does not solely rely on linguistics causing the new digital generation to have a need to develop new types of literacy skills. Messages that were once conveyed through literary texts are now communicated through other forms of media that are enhanced or supported by visual images. The emergence of a growing visual culture has led to a steady decline in literary culture and has several underlying effects. Mirzoeff argued (1998) “the visual culture defines and delimits the post-modern present in that the culture that we call postmodernism is best imagined and understood visually, just as the nineteenth century was classically represented in the newspaper and the novel” (p.5). Understanding what is seen versus what is read will likely continue to be an important acquired and needed skill for people of all ages. Several trends are believed to be contributors for the need to attain new literacy skills. In a time of reality television, movies, video gaming, and digital billboards, it is rare...
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...UNIT 1 Special Note: The argumentative essay is a very useful test of a student’s ability to think logically. Argue: v. 1. to persuade someone to do or not do something. 2. to give the reasons for your opinion, idea, belief, etc. Argumentative: adj. someone who is argumentative often argues or like arguing. Argument: n. a set of reasons that show that something is true or untrue, right or wrong etc. When you have an opinion and try to convince your listener or reader to accept your opinion, you are agreeing with or disagreeing with something. For example: In an everyday situation, you may try to convince a friend to go somewhere or in a composition or speech class, the instructor may make an assignment in which you must support or oppose the use of nuclear energy to produce electricity. If you agree or disagree on an issue, you will want your reader or listener to accept your point of view. There are a few types of argumentative compositions such as: 1. Advantages and disadvantages 2. Expressing opinions/providing solutions to problems 3. Expressing arguments for and against a topic 4. Compare and contrast something or somebody PURPOSE of ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAYS * An argument follows when two groups disagree about something. * People can have different opinions and can offer reasons in support...
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