...Answers to the Chapter 3 Review Questions 1. You are in the vi editor and realize that you need to perform a file listing to check the name of a file. What command can you use from vi? Answer: c. :!ls 2. Your new assistant is trying to use vi, but each time he tries to type a line of text, it is not entered on the screen. What is the problem? Answer: a. He is not in insert mode. 3. In vi, a screen-oriented command ______________________, Answer: b. executes at the location of the cursor 4. You have been editing a file in vi and decide to undo the most recent two actions you have entered. What should you type? Answer: c. Press Esc, u, u. 5. You have placed the cursor in vi at the beginning of a line. While in the command mode, how can you delete the entire line? (Choose all that apply.) Answer: c. Type dd. 6. You are using vi to edit a configuration file, but decide to abort the editing session (you haven’t yet saved anything). What do you type from command mode? Answer: a. :q! 7. You open a large document in the vi editor and decide that you want to quickly place the cursor at the beginning of the last line. Which command mode option do you use? Answer: d. G 8. How can you start a Emacs and create a new file called budget at the same time? Answer: c. Type emacs budget at the command line. 9. You want to search for the word “egregious” in your text file while editing in Emacs. Which of...
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...There are several editors used in UNIX at present time, NEdit, Emacs, VI, and Pico to name a few. Editors are mainly used to replace the default editors in UNIX. Some people have found the default editor to be complicated and unfriendly to operate. I have chosen Emacs and Vi to discuss. Emacs was derived from a version of Multics which saw its inception August 15, 1979. The original creator was Richard Stallman, the software is a video-oriented text preparation and editing system it ran on Honeywell’s Multics system it was widely accepted at MIT and had a large user community. This acceptance led to the development of protocols for the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) which is now known more commonly as the Internet. It was designed for the use of video-oriented software in a device independent fashion. ( Greenberg,1996) Emacs was later rewritten on a C platform by James Goslin in 1982. Which he then sold to Unipress and it was renamed Unipress Emacs. One of the major advantages of using Emacs would be the speed of the software. It has the ability to open large files edit them and save in the time it takes to load some programs in windows. The other editor I spoke of earlier would be Vi. The Vi editor was created in 1976 by Bill Joy at the University of California at Berkeley. Bill Joy later worked at Sun Microsystems as the Chief Scientist. Vi is not a GUI (graphic user interface) mode text editor, although it still remains popular. It holds the ability...
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...Answers to the Chapter 3 Review Questions 1. You are in the vi editor and realize that you need to perform a file listing to check the name of a file. What command can you use from vi? Answer: c. :!ls 2. Your new assistant is trying to use vi, but each time he tries to type a line of text, it is not entered on the screen. What is the problem? Answer: a. He is not in insert mode. 3. In vi, a screen-oriented command ______________________, Answer: b. executes at the location of the cursor 4. You have been editing a file in vi and decide to undo the most recent two actions you have entered. What should you type? Answer: c. Press Esc, u, u. 5. You have placed the cursor in vi at the beginning of a line. While in the command mode, how can you delete the entire line? (Choose all that apply.) Answer: c. Type dd. 6. You are using vi to edit a configuration file, but decide to abort the editing session (you haven’t yet saved anything). What do you type from command mode? Answer: a. :q! 7. You open a large document in the vi editor and decide that you want to quickly place the cursor at the beginning of the last line. Which command mode option do you use? Answer: d. G 8. How can you start a Emacs and create a new file called budget at the same time? Answer: c. Type emacs budget at the command line. 9. You want to search for the word “egregious” in your text file while editing in Emacs. Which of...
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...Resumen Carta Encíclica Caritas en Veritate del Papa Benedicto XVI. Caritas in veritate es un documento social, la primera encíclica sobre la situación del mundo en la época de la globalización. Esta encíclica contiene una síntesis de los pensamientos del Papa y de las experiencias de la Iglesia, una síntesis que es una verdad universal y reflexiona sobre situaciones muy diversas, crecidas en los respectivos países y continentes; reflexiona sobre las condiciones de los mecanismos económicos y de las fortalezas, pero también las dificultades y debilidades, de las organizaciones internacionales “en el período de la globalización”. Esta Consta de 79 párrafos distribuidos en Introducción, 6 Capítulos y una conclusión; Cada capítulo trata temas o situaciones actuales. En la Introducción empezamos con “La caridad en la verdad… es la principal fuerza impulsora del auténtico desarrollo de cada persona y de toda la humanidad”, es la sentencia que abre la reflexión de Benedicto XVI sobre los problemas actuales para ofrecer una visión cristiana sobre las pistas de solución. Y habla del amor no sólo porque es una fuerza que tiene su origen en Dios, Amor eterno, Verdad absoluta, sino porque como humanos que somos sabemos que cuando ponemos amor en las cosas las hacemos con mayor satisfacción. Desde este punto de vista se expresa que es para toda persona creyente y no creyente. Podemos resumir de estas primeras líneas de la encíclica que si el mundo no está bien no es por causa de alguna...
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...ENGL111 Common phrases for Social Exchanges You will face many situations in your life when will need to use English in short social exchanges with others. These social exchanges can help us fulfill various ‘functions’ such as ‘Introducing ourselves’ or ‘Asking for permission’; social exchanges vary according to the informal or formal relationship between the speakers. Several ‘functions’ are listed below; in the left column are just a few examples of appropriate phrases which can be used, while the dialogues in the right column demonstrate short illustrative examples of common social exchanges. It is expected that you will practice these phrases and social exchanges during the Semester and become fluent in performing them, so that you develop skill and confidence in using English appropriately in various social situations. A | Greetings | Hi!Hello!How are you?How are you doing?How’s everything? How are things?How’s it going?What are you up to?Same as usual. | A: Hi! Mandy. How are you?B: Hi, Phoebe. I’m fine. Thanks. And you?A: I’m fine.A: Hi! Mandy. What are you up to?B: Not a lot. And you?A: Same as usual. | Hi!Hello!I am fine, thank you. And you?Fine, thanks. And you?Good!Great!Very well.Not bad. What about you?Can’t complain. I know how you feel. | A: Hi, Jacky. How are things?B: Hi, Sam. Great. How’s everything with you?A: Everything’s fine. A: Hi, Jacky. How’s it going?B: Can’t complain. Just finished a project and have another due on Friday.A: Yeah I know how you...
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...Was Mary Tudor Likely To Be Successful at Making England Catholic Again? Mary Tudor was the first born of Henry VIII and Henry’s first wife, Catherine of Aragon on the 18th February 1516, in Greenwich Palace. Mary Tudor was raised as devout catholic, and experienced a first-class education, being an only child. In 1553, the death of Mary’s half-brother Edward VI had approached her, and she was expected to be the next reigning monarch. But unexpectedly it wrote that Lady Jane grey, (who was a protestant) should perform as the next queen in Edward’s will. But this wasn’t too bad, as, Lady Jane Grey only achieved to stay queen for 9 days, because people of England protested for Mary to Reign. This came true on 19th July 1553 when Mary was proclaimed queen at St Pauls Cathedral and coroneted on 1st October 1553 at Westminster Abbey’s. Mary achieved to undertake her duty as queen of England for 5 years. But as Mary was very strict and punctual catholic; she had the duty of transferring England into a Roman Catholic country, as England was left protestant by Lady Jane Grey. But this job came with its struggles, as Mary tried to accomplish this, which will be pointed out in this essay. Mary took on much advantage, trying to transfer England back to a Catholic country, which improved her. Hence by her nickname ‘Bloody Mary’. Mary was called this for a reason, as Mary ascertained that all Protestants of England who declined to become a Catholic were killed. But Mary made sure that...
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... The first definite record of his employment is dated 19 April 1477, and it shows that he was a singer at the chapel of René, Duke of Anjou, in Aix-en-Provence. He remained there at least until 1478. One of Josquin's early motets, Misericordias Domini in aeternum cantabo, suggests a direct connection with Louis XI, who was king during this time. In 1483 Josquin returned to Condé to claim his inheritance from his aunt and uncle In either 1483 or 1484 Josquin is known to have been in the service of the Sforza family in Milan. While in their employ, he made one or more trips to Rome, and possibly also to Paris; From 1489 to 1495 Josquin was a member of the papal choir, first under Pope Innocent VIII, and later under the Borgia pope Alexander VI. Josquin's mature style evolved during this period; as in Milan he had absorbed the influence of light Italian secular music, in Rome he refined his techniques of sacred music. Several of his motets have been dated to the years he spent at the papal chapel. Around 1498 Josquin most likely re-entered the service of the Sforza family. Josquin probably remained in the service of Louis XII until 1503, when Duke Ercole I of Ferrara hired him for the chapel there. While in Ferrara, Josquin wrote some of his most famous compositions An outbreak of...
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...It is my opinion that Protestantism was not fully established by 1553 however, I do believe that it progressed considerably during Edward’s reign despite the opinions of individuals such as John Foxe who summarised that ‘much tranquillity and, as it were, breathing time was granted to the whole Church of England’ during the years 1547 – 1553. Doctrinally, there were decided steps taken towards Protestantism during Edward’s reign; beginning as early as 1547 with the Royal Injunctions, Chantries Act and widespread iconoclasm. It is feasible, that the early period of Edward’s reign can be seen as a period of destruction with regards to Catholic practice. The presence of radical figures such as Nicholas Ridley reflected the destructive nature undertaken particularly, in London and which later sparked rebellion. But the general lack of overall opposition can rightly be seen to have made enforcement of changes easier for the government. Once the use of the old religion had been forbidden by law, the introduction of Protestant ideas was quick to follow with the publication of the First Common Prayer Book in May 1549. This outlined a uniform approach to religious services but imposed a more moderate approach to reform than that which had been followed in 1547 with fast and holy days remaining. From 1550 the Duke of Northumberland, advanced the cause for Protestantism but it is important to recognise that there were personal motives behind this; a clear emphasis on extracting the remaining...
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...Social doctrine of the church as a social instrument of the new evangelization Three terms are present in the title of this issue: two explicit (social doctrine of the church and new evangelization) and an implicit (evangelization). We can’t talk about the new evangelization without connecting it with the evangelization itself; the relationship between the church’s social doctrine and the new evangelization comes through the evangelization. The first thing it’s the evangelization, the most original, and that goes back to the origins of the church. The church’s social doctrine, born in the 19th century as an attempt to answer of faith to the great problems which occurred with modernity, as new ideologies that give the body and the political and socioeconomic systems derived from these. The new evangelization is a most recent proposal, from Juan Pablo II, that is intended to realize the meaning and scope of evangelization in the circumstances of our historical moment. Evangelization and mission as a framework The four evangelisms present us a resurrected Jesus who appeared to theirs and charges them a mission: to be witnesses in the villages. The conscience of this mission has been realized in a different way for each historical era. To illustrate the variety and to best understand what the evangelization today is, it will be useful to distinguish the four models of the evangelization. The evangelization of the first Christian times The Christians from the origins...
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...THE PRINCE CHAPTER I How Many Kinds Of Principalities There Are, And By What Means They Are Acquired ALL STATES, all powers, that have held and hold rule over men have been and are either republics or principalities. Principalities are either hereditary, in which the family has been long established; or they are new. The new are either entirely new, as was Milan to Francesco Sforza, or they are, as it were, members annexed to the hereditary state of the prince who has acquired them, as was the kingdom of Naples to that of the King of Spain. Such dominions thus acquired are either accustomed to live under a prince, or to live in freedom; and are acquired either by the arms of the prince himself, or of others, or else by fortune or by ability. CHAPTER II Concerning Hereditary Principalities I WILL leave out all discussion on republics, inasmuch as in another place I have written of them at length, 1 and will address myself only to principalities. In doing so I will keep to the order indicated above, and discuss how such principalities are to be ruled and preserved. I say at once there are fewer difficulties in holding hereditary states, and those long accustomed to the family of their prince, than new ones; for it is sufficient only not to transgress the customs of his ancestors, and to deal prudently with circumstances as they arise, for a prince of average powers to maintain himself in his state, unless he be deprived of it by some extraordinary and excessive force;...
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...WHAT WAS THE LOVELL REBELLION? The Lovell rebellion was led by Francis Lovell, Humphrey and Thomas Stafford all were noblemen who had prospered under Richard III as they also fought for him in the Battle of Bosworth which was in 1485. This was the first unsuccessful Yorkist challenge to Henry VII; their plan was to raise troops in 1486 and to kill the King as he was on his Royal progress. Firstly, Lovell and the Stafford Brothers left their sanctuary in Colchester, with Lovell heading north while Humphrey and Thomas Stafford went west where they had planned to seize Worchester. Before getting to Worchester, the Stafford’s established contact with those in the district but as an they were attained it was unlikely they would be able t gain support so they spread that Henry VII had pardoned them with forged documents to prove their claim. This allowed their plans to come together as he spread rumours among his new supporters. Therefore the brothers successfully entered Worcester as there wasn’t a proper guard. They urged their new supporters to go and help Lovell in the destruction of Henry VII in the north. All of this actually amounted to nothing as Henry VII reached Pontefract on the 20th of April and discovered that all the rumours were now facts so sent an army to the west. While this was going on Lord Lovell decided on the 22nd April that it was too much of a risk for an open rebellion and escaped to Burgundy even though the Stafford brothers had already risen...
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...Assess the view that the mid Tudor crisis was caused by religious change made by Henry VIII Mid Tudor Crisis contains of the religious changes, war, succession, economic problems, political changes and problems and finally rebellions. The factor that progressed the Mid Tudor crisis was the economic failure of Somerset and his polices which lead to famine and uprising, with civil war becoming imminent to England. The monarchy was in serious turmoil due to religious changes made through the successors. Edward was raised a protestant so his religious goal was to continue the change made previous by his father, however Mary had a catholic upbringing, due to her influence of Charles so she would want to turn the country catholic again. Hutton refers to Edward as being a personal problem to the protestant reform of religion as he puts it, “Edward was simply not up to managing the inheritance of Henry VIII.” Henry had started the change and therefore influenced his son Edward as he was going to be Henry’s first heir to the throne due to him being male. However when Mary gets to the throne she will want to turn the whole country (that are now supporting Protestantism) back to Catholicism. This would send the population into confusion and turmoil as the people were being forced to think and do one thing and then drastically change it the next, not knowing which way of Christianity to follow. In support of this statement the mid Tudor crisis was caused by the succession of the royal...
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...How far can the rebellions of 1549 be considered a key turning point in the changing nature of rebellion against Tudor rule in England 1485 to 1587? The period between 1485 and 1587 sprouted a large amount of rebellions during the reign of the Tudors. The 1549 rebellions can be seen as significant in the changing nature of rebellion based on numerous factors. Yet were there any other rebellions which contributed more to the changing nature? What may have influenced the changing nature of rebellion was the backdrop of the controversial way the Tudors came to power, leaving dynastic issues within the period. This can be seen in two of the rebellions during the reign of Henry VII. Warbeck and Simnel were deemed as ‘pretenders’ and offered little threat to the King. However these pretenders both received support from the Duchess of Burgundy. This foreign support could have turned from a very small scale movement into a war. This clearly shows that 1549 was not the only mark of change on the Tudor period and that these rebellions started the ‘domino effect’, which could have caused all the rebellions during the Tudor period. Kett’s rebellion involved a large amount of Socio-Cultural issues, and even The Western rebellion held the situation of enclosure as a deep lying cause. Yet after these rebellions very little socio-economic issues were raised and even the small factor raised by Wyatt’s rebellion was constructed to raise a larger participation. Fletcher and MacCulloch support...
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...Joan of Arc or Jeanne d’Arc in French was born in a village which was part of eastern France in 1412. She was considered heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. Joan said she received visions of the Archangel Michael, Saint Margaret, and Saint Catherine instructing her to support Charles VII and recover France from English domination. At the time of Joan’s childhood, France was seriously divided with a lack of national unity. King Henry V of England had invaded France and defeated the French army. This famous victory over the French nobility left the country weak and divided. Under Charles leadership, French were without direction and real leader. When Joan of Arc came to the court she overwhelmed Charles with her passion and conviction. She was given control over an army and allowed to lead them into battle. Within a year Joan of Arc had led the French army to victories and many other towns were also liberated from English control. However a year later Joan was captured and sold to the English. The English and members of the French clergy decided to put her on trial for witchcraft. The trial was a very testing experience for Joan, but, her responses were much sharper than her prosecutors expected. As expected, Joan was found guilty and condemned to death by burning at the stake. Joan of Arc achieved a remarkable achievement in her short life of 19 years. In particular she embodied religious devotion with great bravery and humility, her life helped change the course...
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...549, the year England was so nearly torn apart my numerous rebellions. Somerset suddenly became the ‘good duke gone bad’ and England stood on the edge of a class war. These rebellions proved to be Somerset’s last nail in the coffin, however was it the rebellions which principally caused his downfall? Could it possibly have been through his the shambles of the Scottish War and his overall foreign policy which resulted in his downfall? Or possibly his downfall was caused by the unpopular religious reformation or economic policies. Personally I believe the fall of the Duke of Somerset was due to his own inadequacy as a ruler. I will show you why I believe this in this essay. In terms of the rebellions, Somerset’s image was wounded badly; the rebellions made him look both weak and indecisive. The council believed he was at entire fault for these rebellions and accused him of being far too lenient with the commoners. Somerset had made it clear to the commoners that he was very anti-enclosures and even described them as ‘the Devil’s works’. Looking at the Kett’s rebellion Somerset can be seen as the man who caused this to snowball out of control. Somerset promised the commoners that he would investigate enclosures and try to get them removed, he put John Hales in charge of this investigation and Somerset was now seen as a ‘poor man’s sympathiser’ whilst the commoners were expectant of this issue being resolved. After these investigations made no progress the commoners took the matter...
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