...Conway, S. J., & Kovaleski, J. F. (1998). A model for statewide special education reform: Pennsylvania’s Instructional Support Teams. International Journal of Educational Reform, 7, 345–351. Deno, S., Grimes, J., Reschly, D., & Schrag, J. (2001). PSM review team report. Minneapolis: Minneapolis Public Schools. Foorman, B. R., & Torgesen, J. (2001). Critical elements of classroom and small group instruction promote reading success in all children. Learning disabilities: Research and Practice, l6(4), 203–212. Fuchs, D., Mock, D., Morgan, P., & Young, C. (2003). Responsiveness-to-intervention: Definitions, evidence, and implications for the learning disabilities construct. Learning Disabilities: Research and Practice, 18(3), 157–171. Fuchs, L. S., Fuchs, D., & Speece, D. L. (2002). Treatment validity as a unifying construct for identifying learning disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 25, 33–45. Gresham, F. M. (2002). Responsiveness to intervention: An alternative approach to the identification of learning disabilities. In R. Bradley, L. Danielson, & D. P. Hallahan (Eds.), Identification of learning disabilities: Research to practice (pp. 467–519). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Ikeda, M. J., & Gustafson, J. K. (2002). Heartland AEA 11’s problem solving process: Impact on issues related to special education (Research Rep. No. 2002-01). Johnston, IA: Heartland Area Education Agency. Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement...
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...The leading cause for counter argument throughout this paper purpose directs focus amongst arguments’ opposing flawed general hasting reasoning toward slippery slopes the human kind sees logical presenting why homosexuals should not be able to marry. II. The political fight for homosexual marriage is important not in the reasoning surrounding the topic that homosexuals should be able to marry. A. Marriage wrap around the meaning of love. B. The topic children affected by homosexual parenting disputes raise issues. C. Homosexual civil rights is not being seen the same as heterosexuals. III. The author’s core elements in counter argument are deep-rooted opinions A. Marriage is love, B. Religion C. Effects raising children D. Homosexuals’ rights. IV. Civil rights applies different meaning defining marriage verses union A. Civil rights based on evidence. V. Author Conclusion Understanding Homosexual Issues Reasoning. A. Love, Honor, and Commitment develops a foundation providing reasoning for marital status. Even though as Author, I can understand the views opposing homosexuals’ marriage. As essayist of this paper, I do find further discussed opposing arguments weak for reasoning in determining homosexual not being able to marry. At the same time, understanding homosexual love for another is no different when passion inters either type of relationships. The cause of this paper is to understand the reasoning behind homosexuals emphasizing...
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...see the world and to express what we see. The brain and eyes work together to help processing information through our vision. The brain stimulates our five senses, such as touch, smell, sight, taste, and hearing however, most stimuli are interpret through the sight. Our eyes allow us to see things, such as objects, shapes, and colors. The brain helps to perceive and interpret what we see. This process is called visual information processing which pertain to person cognitive skills. Our cognitive skills allow us to see things, process it, and interpret it to make sense. By using our eyes we can see things and hold on to memories and tell our children family history. This paper will describe visual information processing and explain two conditions that impair visual information processing. This paper wills also discuss current trends in research of visual information processing and give two scholarly peer reviews on visual information processing. Visual Information Processing The human brain is responsible for to help understand information that see to the brain.. To understand visual information processing one must for know how the brain and eyes work together. The human brain is an important part of our body. The brain helps other parts of the body function properly. Perception must occur and the brain helps to interpret and perceive information by stimulating our five senses, such as taste, smell, sight, and touch. To process information a stimulus is needed to trigger senses...
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..."abnormal", must necessarily be "inferior", Atwood (2006) truly underlines what Autism and Asperser’s Syndrome is and how it is becoming more and more of a concern in America. This concern of Autism and Asperger’s rises, as more children are being diagnosed everyday. In order to understand the affects of these diseases one must first understand the characteristics and the children that live with Autism. Research on Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome will take the reader into areas that before hand have not been considered by most. Although this disease has been heard of, many have not experienced it in their lives. This paper will explore the emotions of autistic children and parents and the grief of realizing that these children are autistic, how these children learn, the challenges they face and how society views these children through medical and scientific research as well as the author’s personal research and life experiences with this disease. To understand Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome, the reader must first be able to identify and define what it is and what the characteristics are. In the article Autism and Genetic Disorders, Dr. A.L. Reiss (1986) who is head of the Department of Developmental Neuropsychiatry, Kennedy Institute for Handicapped Children, he describes and defines the signs and symptoms of the disease. It has been said that this disease is caused by childhood immunizations as many parents and doctors believe. An article written by the United Press International...
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...08894906/97 $17.00+0.00 PIh S0889-4906(90)00019-1 T h e M e d i c a l R e s e a r c h Paper: S t r u c t u r e and Functions K evin Ngozi N w o g u A bstract--Studies i nto the organization of information in the medical research p aper have tended to present accounts of the structure of information in s ections in isolation. The structure of information in all sections of the medical r esearch paper was investigated using Swales' (1981, 1990) genre-analysis m odel. An eleven-move schema was identified, out of which nine were found t o be "normally required" and two "optional". Each schema was found to e mbody "constituent elements" and to be characterized by distinct linguistic f eatures. The study provides insights into the nature of discourse organization in this genre of written discourse. © 1997 The American University. Published b y Elsevier Science Ltd I ntroduction A s with most experimental research reports, the medical research paper is a highly technical form with a standard format for the presentation of i nformation. This format is the division of the paper into "Introduction, M ethods, Results and Discussion" - - the traditional IMRD sections of the r esearch paper. M ost research article writers are familiar with the IMRD format, but not all are conscious of the fact that there exists an internal ordering of the i nformation presented in the various sections of the research article. This l ack of awareness may account partly for the difficulty...
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...Term Paper Psyc 400, Spring, 2015 Title of Paper: Factors Contributing to Literacy Skills in Children from Low-Income Families In American society, education is considered by many to be an equalizing force for people from all walks of life. It allows the nation’s best and brightest to distinguish themselves from their peers through intellectual merit - at least in theory. Unfortunately, the reality of the situation does not live up to the ideal, especially for children from low income families. Children who are already growing up with the disadvantages of poverty are further hindered by underfunded and ineffectual primary schooling, setting them even further behind middle and upper class children. Before beginning a discussion of the factors or strategies contributing to early literacy, it is important to first establish that there is in fact a discrepancy between low-income children and their more affluent peers in the first place. A review of the research literature is required to lay certain inaccurate stereotypes to rest, such as the notion that poor children are simply lazier students, and do not face additional difficulties with the acquisition of literacy skills. A comprehensive empirical study by Babuder et al (2014) explores the relationship between poverty and reading skills in children, with the results being unanimously negative. The study goes beyond assessing the reading skills of the children, and measures the basic phonological and semantic skills needed...
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...Factors What Research Tells Us Martha Morrison Dore, Ph.D. Columbia University School of Social Work 622 West 113th Street New York, New York 10027 212/854-5461 Paper prepared for presentation at the conference entitled “Protecting Children in Substance Abusing Families,” September 28, 1998, sponsored by the Center for Advanced Studies in Child Welfare, University of Minnesota School of Social Work, Minneapolis, MN. Researchers are just beginning to demonstrate empirically what child protective services workers have been observing for nearly two decades now: many, if not most, families who come to the attention of the child welfare system are involved with drugs or alcohol or both. Founded cases of child abuse and neglect have risen exponentially since the mid-1980s, when the crack form of cocaine, a cheap, easily used form of the drug, became widely available. Studies conducted since that time have identified substance abuse as a contributing factor in 40% to 80% of substantiated cases of child maltreatment (Curtis & McCullough, 1993; Magura & Laudet, 1996; Murphy, Jellinek, Quinn, Smith, Poitrast, & Goshko, 1991). Further, studies of substance abusing parents have found child-rearing beliefs and attitudes that heighten risk for child abuse (Williams-Peterson et al., 1994), as well as elevated rates of first-time reports to child protective services (Jaudes & Ekwo, 1995), re-reports (Wolock & Magura, 1996), and out-of-home placements of maltreated children (Nair et al....
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...A LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF EARLY YEARS PROVISION ON YOUNG CHILDREN, WITH EMPHASIS GIVEN TO CHILDREN FROM DISADVANTAGED BACKGROUNDS Edward C. Melhuish Institute for the Study of Children, Families & Social Issues Birkbeck, University of London Prepared for the National Audit Office The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the National Audit Office. Address of author Institute for the Study of Children, Families & Social Issues 7 Bedford Square London WC1B 3RA Email: e.melhuish@bbk.ac.uk Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction 1.1. The context of childcare research 1.2 Types of childcare and pre-school provision 1.3 Evidence on developmental effects 1.4 Structure of report 7 7 8 10 10 2. Childcare as intervention 2.1 Research methodology 2.2 Randomised Control Trials (RCTs) 2.2.1 Ypsilanti/High Scope/Perry Pre-school Study 2.2.2 Abecedarian Project 2.2.3 Project CARE 2.2.4 Milwaukee Project 2.2.5 Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP) 2.2.6 Early Head Start (EHS) 2.2.7 Hackney study Table 1: Summary of Randomised Control Trials of Interventions 2.3 Quasi-experimental Studies 2.3.1 Head Start 2.3.2 Chicago Child – Parent Center Program 2.3.3 Syracuse Study 2.3.4 Brookline Early Education Project 2.3.5 Diverse State-based programmes in the US 2.3.6 Meta-analyses and reviews Table 2: Summary of Quasi-experimental Evaluations of Interventions 2.3.7 Summary...
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...Mozart effect accomplished everything from temporary increases in IQ to creating the mental mechanism needed for infants to develop reasoning and analytical prowess. However there is little academic research and evidence of the Mozart effect on babies, making it difficult to contribute a link between the theory and intelligence enhancement it has on babies. Many research scientists haven’t been able to replicate the results or the results are temporary and have concluded that there is no evidence of the Mozart effect. Firstly by exploring the initial Mozart experiment conclusions can be draw regarding the Mozart effect and intellectual enhancement on babies. Secondly, through critical evaluation of research articles that were conducted to prove or disprove the theory, conclusions can be drawn regarding the Mozart effect and the degree of intellectual enhancement it has on babies. Thirdly, academic research suggests there is a scientific explanation behind the Mozart effect that provides a deeper understanding of the theory’s claims towards enhancing intelligence. There has been a lot of attention drawn to the first scientific experiment that introduced the Mozart effect. Rauscher, Shaw and Ky (1993) conducted an experiment with thirty-six college students that were tested in a paper folding spatial-reasoning task from the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. The three experiment conditions were; listening to Mozart, sitting in silence and listening to a relaxation tape. Researchers...
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...The Overall Well Being of Children LeTeya M. Scott HS5318: Scope of Human Services Capella University TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents of Paper 3-9 References 10-12 The topic of Child Welfare has a plethora of issues and problems that can be addressed to better serve the victims and families. In the Child Welfare profession, one of the biggest misconceptions is the agency wants to permanently remove children from their families and because of this many times Child Welfare workers receives constant ridicule and backlash for carrying out their job duties. In order to properly protect children, Child Welfare workers require a substantial amount of support from other local agencies, state and federal governments. Often in time, when working with families dealing with maltreatment, the individual committing the maltreatment has no idea that what they did was wrong. It is during the removal of the victim(s) and the court hearings where the perpetrator gains insight on what was wrong. In some situations, maltreating parents and guardians simply need help with learning how to cope differently with what is sometimes determined to be misguided anger. Research shows that if a parent or guardian has maltreated a child in the past they are likely to continue the maltreatment if there is no form of intervention and parents or guardians who were maltreated against as a child are likely to maltreat against a child. In the grand scheme of things, if there were programs geared to help...
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...Teenage Pregnancy Unit Teenage pregnancy: an overview of the research evidence Introduction In 1999 the government’s ten-year national Teenage Pregnancy Strategy was launched. The main aims of the strategy are to: • Reduce the rate of teenage conceptions with the specific aim of halving the rate of conceptions among under-18s, and to set a firmly established downward trend in the rate of conceptions among under-16s, by 2010 • Increase the participation of teenage parents in education, training and employment to 60% by 2010, to reduce their risk of long-term social exclusion. This briefing presents headline findings from key research relating to teenage pregnancy and parenthood which has emerged (mainly) since the launch of the strategy. The topics covered include research on young people’s sexual behaviour; sources of sex and relationships information; what works in preventing teenage pregnancy; who is at risk of becoming a teenage parent; how to support teenage parents, and many more. It draws on a range of sources including systematic reviews of the effectiveness of prevention and support interventions, national surveys and primary research studies. The emphasis is on the UK and specifically English research. It was compiled by Catherine Dennison, Research Manager supporting the Teenage Pregnancy Unit. Although not representing a systematic or exhaustive search of the published literature, the briefing is intended to be of use to those engaged in implementing the Teenage...
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...care for is overweight. Understanding dietary intake for our children is a very important. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014), childhood obesity has more than doubled and young adult obesity has quadrupled in the last 30 years (p. 1). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention define being overweight as having an excess body weight for a given height, specifically as having excess body fat. The number of obese children today is higher than it has been in the past. However, times are changing and the fast food companies are growing more and more popular each and every day. This paper will examine the research which states that a child is more likely to be obese as an adult if they were obese all throughout their adolescent years and poverty’s effect on childhood obesity. According to Feeding America (2013), 45.3 million Americans were living in poverty (p. 1). This number is very high considering the 318.9 million that are living in America. The unemployment rate in January of 2015 was 5.7%. As a result of unemployment or living in poverty conditions, some families have resorted to buying less expensive food options for their children in order to keep them fed. The number of families living in poverty-like conditions is growing as more and more Americans are laid off and become employed each day. According to Feeding American (2013), poverty normally has been associated with children being underweight as a result of having a poor diet. Another...
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...27, 2014 Research Proposal The topic that I will be focused on for my research is “Should homeschooling regulations be changed?” I think it is very important for our society to see the real down fallings of the homeschooling system. Homeschooling is viewed by many as a return to the roots of society, where family, community, religious institutions, and work were all integrated into daily lives. To me homeschooling is a cope out and a way for parents to keep their children very sheltered. Parents shouldn’t have to fear the influences that today’s society will have on their children. Sheltering them will only make it harder for them to face the real world. Another reason why I picked this topic was because children that are being homeschooled are being labeled as misfits and not college ready individuals. The mere fact is that sheltering them away from society and those hard lesson that can only be learned by being around their peers are causing them to not be able to function in the world after their years and years of homeschooling. I just think this needs to be changed. Homeschooling can indeed continue, but they should be required to meet the same strict rules and regulations that public schools have to. The characteristics of my audiences are teaching groups that have a decision to make when it comes to the ins and outs of homeschooling. When they all come to the table with big decisions to make on homeschooling regulations they need to know how the children are affected...
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...M.A. Social Work (Previous) FIRST SEMESTER Paper S1: 01 History and Philosophy of Social Work - 50 Paper S1: 02 Psychosocial Dynamics of Human Behavior - 50 Paper S1: 03 Methods of Working with People: Micro-Approaches - 50 Paper S1: 04 Social Welfare Administration - 50 Paper S1: 05 Research Methodology - 50 Paper S1: 06 Man & Society - 50 Paper S1: 07 Concurrent Field work three days in a week - 50 Total - 350 SECOND SEMESTER Paper S2: 01 Approaches and fields of Social Work - 50 Paper S2: 02 Human Growth and Development - 50 Paper S2: 03 Methods of working with People: Macro Approaches - 50 Paper S2: 04 Management of NGO’s and Disaster Relief Services - 50 Paper S2: 05 Statistics and Computer Application - 50 Paper S2: 06 Dynamics of Socio-Political Institutions and Organizations - 50 Paper S2: 07 Concurrent Field work (three days in a week) -50 Total - 350 M.A. in Social Work (Part-I) Preamble: 1. There shall be six theory papers of 50 marks each and field work of 50 marks as paper seventh out of 50 marks, 38 marks shall be devoted to semester paper and 12 marks shall be fixed for class/home assignments. 2. The format of the theory paper shall be the same as it is being following by the university. 3. Evaluation procedure shall be as per university norms. FIRST SEMESTER Paper S1: 01 History and Philosophy of Social Work (50) Unit – I Meaning, objectives and scope of social work; Role...
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...cognitive flexibility. In the past decade, it has been demonstrated that various regions of the human brain undergo development during adolescence and beyond. Some of the brain regions that undergo particularly protracted development are involved in social cognitive function in adults. In the first section of this paper, I briefly describe evidence for a circumscribed network of brain regions involved in understanding other people. Next, I describe evidence that some of these brain regions undergo structural development during adolescence. Finally, I discuss recent studies that have investigated social cognitive development during adolescence. The first time Uta Frith made an impression on me was when I was 15. That year I was given a copy of her book Autism: Explaining the Enigma (U. Frith, 1989), which had recently been published. I knew nothing about autism and found Uta’s book captivating. It inspired me to write to its author and ask if I could do a week’s work experience in her lab. With characteristic generosity, Uta agreed. So in the summer of 1990, I spent a week in the Medical Research Council (MRC) Cognitive Development Unit, where I observed children with autism being tested on the Sally Anne task, and joined in when Uta’s group were generating spoonerisms like Dob Bylan and Himi Jendrix. At the time, I didn’t quite...
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