...Tutor: Leif Linnskog 03.06.2008 Economic Development through Globalisation in Nigeria An analysis of Shell & the IMF Structural Adjustment Programs Sven Bokhari 820619-P291 Fabrizio Del Duca 791225-P114 Group number: 1983 Summary Date: Level: Authors: 2008/06/03 Master thesis in International Business and Entrepreneurship, 10p (15ECTS) Sven Bokhari Västerås Date of birth: 19820619 Fabrizio Del Duca Västerås Date of birth: 19791225 Title: Economic Development through globalisation in Nigeria. An analysis of Shell & the IMF Structural Adjustment Programs Leif Linnskog, Ph.D. Tutor: Research Question: Can globalisation be seen as positive or negative for the Economic Development of Nigeria? A focus on Shell and the International Monetary Fund Research Issue: Globalisation in its current form is viewed in the Western world as a positive influence for the Economic Development of under developed countries. However these views on the benefits brought to developing countries have been frequently disputed. The research we are undertaking is a pilot study based on documentary research. Our source of information is secondary data such as books, articles, newspapers and journals. The study employs a qualitative approach. Even though globalisation is often viewed as positive we have discovered that this is not always the case in relation to its effects in Nigeria. Judging from our analysis, globalisation through the IMF and Shell has had an overall negative impact on...
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...http://www.studymode.com/download/?id=50431478&token=c... Globalisation has benefited the richest countries at the expense of the poorest. By asmulicious | Studymode.com 1. Globalisation has benefited the richest countries at the expense of the poorest. Globalisation is the transportation of trades, ideas, technology and capital from national economies to international economy. It promotes free trade, free market, capital flow, communication and allows more competition. The process is possible through recent advances in telecommunication, for example most of US and British service sector relocate its call centre facilities to low wage countries such as India, where they earn high profit by paying low wage to its labour and provide low standard of living. Another example is the clothes industries designed in high wage countries, manufactured in low income countries then sold in UK or other part of Europe and America counties. Rich countries take advantage poor countries in order to gain good returns. The process occurs through multinational companies who goes to poor countries and buy their factor endowment at cheaper prices and sell at higher prices. An example OPEC (Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries) act as joint venture uses Nigeria to extract crude oil earning billion of dollars from it and “leave the residents of the area like horse manure.” (www.nigeria-planet.com). U.S imports about 10% of Nigerian crude oil. They extract oil and leave Nigeria to suffer...
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...inclusive growth. Financial inclusion otherwise known as “inclusive growth” can be seen as the delivery of financial services at affordable costs to sections of disadvantaged and low-income segments of society. Due to incessant desire to incorporate disadvantaged segment of the society into financial net, both monetary and fiscal authorities have embarked upon a robust strategy toward addressing the gap. The former (monetary authority) had set out a visible road map necessary for direct effect on savings, investment, rate of interest, pension and general form of financial services. While the later (fiscal authority) have been making a remarkable effort toward achieving sustained economic growth especially in rural areas, this would translate accelerated and friendly society necessary for effective implementation of Financial Inclusion Strategy and thus would stimulate economic development generally, more new jobs would be created, society would also be empowered to generate more wealth and making the economy competitive. Inclusive growth is thus arguably popular with most governments on the global development priorities presently, and Nigeria is not left out of the...
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...Globalisation can be described as a process through which the economies, cultures of different countries have come closer to each other and have become integrated with each other. The term is used more specifically in case of economics as the integration of several economies to an international one thereby increasing trade, lowering down of trade barriers, increasing competition and generating multiple streams of revenues. Globalisation in respect to the international business takes into consideration the widening business horizons for the economies as they spread their wings to reach out to new international markets. The term means that companies now operate in multiple markets freely with lower legal and tax barriers and more opportunities to tap the market. This has also enhanced the scope of flow of goods and services from one country to another and have made the countries showcase their competitive advantage over others in the world market. The exports have grown with the rise in globalisation as countries reach out to other in the market to take advantage of the competitive advantage of each other. This has helped each country to develop its resource base and act as a supplier of goods and services to other countries in the world through the export market. For eg. China has become the manufacturing hub of the world because of the globalised economy. India offers quality services mainly in IT, medical and tourism to customers all around the world. Globalisation in terms...
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...Introduction The objective of this research is to determine the convergence, divergence and cross-vergence of culture in IHRM, by looking at recruitment and selection in Nigeria as well as the Pension Scheme. It will also focus on the political, economic, social, technical and legal environment a number of factors that influence human resource policies and practice in Nigeria. International human resource management(IHRM) is the term used to refer to the instance where an organisation`s HRM entails managing employees in more than one nation .(Ngo et al 1998 cited in Lloyd and Hartel ,2004, pg60) .According to( Dowling et al, 2008) IHRM covers a wide range of human resource issues faces MNCs in different parts of their organizations additionally ,we include comparative analysis of HRM in different countries.(Capelli and Croker, 1996) argues that international human resource practices is a crucial factor in creating unique organisational competences ,in turn help companies differentiate their products and services and thus build competitive advantage. International HRM refers to relatively separate areas of practice and research (Dowling and Welch ,2004) HRM policies and practices are carried out within an economic, social, political and legal environment .Thus there is a need for considerable historical and cultural insights into local conditions to understand the processes, philosophies and problems of national models of HRM (Hofstede, 1993) .The indigenous Nigeria system is...
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...European Journal of Business and Management ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) Vol 4, No.8, 2012 www.iiste.org The Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development: The Nigerian Perspective Dr. Mrs Ann Ogbo AGU CHIDIEBERE NWACHUKWU Dept. Of management, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus. PMB 011 *E mail of the correspondence author: annogbo@yahoo.com brightchidi@yahoo.com Abstract The aim of the paper is to develop and analyse the contributions of entrepreneurship in the economic development through SME development in Nigeria. A total of 100 SMEs were randomly selected from a cross section of a population of all SMEs spread around some states of Nigeria and covering virtually all forms of enterprise. Participants were selected through a simple random sampling. The responses to the questionnaires were complemented with personal interviews of some SMEs operators. The responses of the participants were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), which generated the frequency distributions, means, standard deviations, chi-square statistics, analyses of variance, etc of the responses. The hypotheses of this research which were tested at 0.05 level of significance using chi-square statistics hinged on identifying the greatest problem which SMEs face in Nigeria, the identification and ranking of the top ten problems or challenges of SMEs in Nigeria and the relationship between the form and nature of the business enterprise and its sources of...
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...1.INTRODUCTION Cursory observation would prove that child labour has increase in Nigeria since the late 1980s.To this end the increase may be related to the changing socio economic structure of the country. It is in this light that this paper seeks to relate the massive increase in the incident of child labour In Nigeria the mid 1980s.Globalisation should be seen as an encompassing process with implications for different sections of socio life (see Anugwom, 2001). Therefore, globalization significantly affected the child labour in Nigeria. Nigeria is reported as having 12million child workers, which is one of the highest in the world (see Siddigi and Patrinos,2001). Moreover the IL0 1996 estimate that 250million children are involved in child labour. This figure shows a problem of major proportion and which is concentrated principally in developing nations of the world. A concern with child labour stem largely out of the stark that realization in spite of the numerous national attention given to the issue, it seems to elude meaningful solution in fact rather than abate, child labour has persisted. Child labour has also attracted international attention and concern. Hence, there have been many declaration on the global arena on how to stem the rising tide of child labour. Among these declarations and conventions are the ILO conventions on the Elimination Of Child Labour, the, ILO Declaration on the Fundamental Principles and Rights of Work, the UNICEF. Declaration on the Right...
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...European Journal of Business and Management ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) Vol 4, No.8, 2012 www.iiste.org The Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development: The Nigerian Perspective Dr. Mrs Ann Ogbo AGU CHIDIEBERE NWACHUKWU Dept. Of management, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus. PMB 011 *E mail of the correspondence author: annogbo@yahoo.com brightchidi@yahoo.com Abstract The aim of the paper is to develop and analyse the contributions of entrepreneurship in the economic development through SME development in Nigeria. A total of 100 SMEs were randomly selected from a cross section of a population of all SMEs spread around some states of Nigeria and covering virtually all forms of enterprise. Participants were selected through a simple random sampling. The responses to the questionnaires were complemented with personal interviews of some SMEs operators. The responses of the participants were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), which generated the frequency distributions, means, standard deviations, chi-square statistics, analyses of variance, etc of the responses. The hypotheses of this research which were tested at 0.05 level of significance using chi-square statistics hinged on identifying the greatest problem which SMEs face in Nigeria, the identification and ranking of the top ten problems or challenges of SMEs in Nigeria and the relationship between the form and nature of the business enterprise and its sources of funding...
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...Topic: Does globalisation pose a threat to cultural diversity The term globalisation is the movement and integration of people, ideology, economy, and culture beyond domestic and national boarders to other boarders around the globe thus growing the interconnectedness of various societies, economy, and culture. “Globalisation is a state of the world involving networks of interdependence and multi-continental distance” this definition of globalisation was offered by Harvard professors (Roberts Keohame, & Joseph Nye, pg105). We say that the course of globalization isn’t in any way a natural practice, i.e., a process that occurred as a result of human laws and orientation. Globalization seems to us as a deliberate, conducted process, the manifestation of an accurate cultural and economic model which carries a particular ideology or philosophy and a worldwide vision. This ideology has had a profound impact towards determining what people from all nook and cranny of the world believe. It has been generalised and made the global trend. For example; the case of American movies and hip hop music being seen as ideal and blueprints to everyone who want to venture into same field, and also the global urge to dress, talk, or even act American. At the pole position of this ideology are the Hollywood, and other multinational companies like McDonalds. Their actual Mother Nature necessarily linked to one specific country, even though they have their ancestries in the various part of world...
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...Role of transnational corporations Role of Transnational Corporations (TNCs) 1.0 Introduction A transnational corporation (TNC) or multinational corporation (MNC) is a firm which has the power to co-ordinate and control stages in operations of production chain in more than one country, even if it does not own them. Transnational Corporation take advantage on national differences in production factor costs such as natural resources, labour, and state incentives where it has the ability to switch its resources and operations between locations at a global scale. 2.0 Role of Transnational Corporations (TNCs) The role of transnational corporations (TNCs) or multinational corporations (MNCs) has created the wealth, new job opportunities and new tax revenues that arise from multinational corporations' generated income. By increasing the efficiency of capital flows, multinational corporations (MNCs) will contribute in reducing the levels of world's poverty in developing countries, improve their infrastructures, strengthen their human capital and always encourage countries to cooperate and seek peaceful solutions for conflicts. Transnational corporations (TNCs) or Multinational corporations (MNCs) have responsibilities on its employers, customers, governments, suppliers and communities as well as towards shareholders. Corporate social responsibilities (CSR) that take part in protecting TNCs' business where businesses must include duty, do business honestly, legally...
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...Economic Benefits from Air Transport in Nigeria Nigeria country report Acknowledgements Oxford Economics gratefully acknowledge the help that we received from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) in preparation of this report. Through a survey conducted by IATA many organisations across the aviation industry supplied us with data that has formed an integral part of our analysis. In addition, the Airports Council International (ACI) very kindly provided us data on the economic activities at airports. We would like to thank all these organisations for their generosity in supplying this data, without which this report could not have been written. A note on the data reported in the report Unless otherwise stated, the numbers reported in this report relate to the calendar year 2010. Oxford Economics 2012 v1.1 2 Nigeria country report Contents Facts & figures.......................................................................................... 4 1 1.1 1.2 Consumer benefits for passengers and shippers ......................... 7 Consumer benefits ..................................................................................... 7 Estimated consumer benefits ..................................................................... 8 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 Enabling long-term economic growth............................................ 9 Connectivity and the cost of air transport services .................................... 9 How aviation...
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...1.0 INTRODUCTION The continued success of any organisation depends on its ability to source, recruit, select and manage high quality staff at all levels (Djabatey, 2012). Ensuring that banks can recruit and retain qualified staff is somewhat a challenge due to the increasing difficulty in recruiting employees with the appropriate competence-organisational fit, and competition for key personnel by other national and international agencies. One approach to overcome this challenge is for banks to possess effective resourcing, recruitment, selection and human capital management framework which is quick and cost effective (Kleiman, 2005). Implementing the right framework would allow banks to review, select, build and retain the best competence in candidates thereby affording them with a workforce that can give them competitive advantages. As such HR departments have become important organisational components due to their function of recruiting, developing, and retaining quality staff (Fischer et al., 2004). 1.1 Scope This report highlights the five step talent strategy of First Bank Nigeria (FBN) PLC, the effectiveness of the sourcing and talent management strategies, and recommendations that will potentially increase the outcome of the process. 2.0 Talent Management Wellins et al., 2009 define talent management as a critical process that ensures organisations have the quantity and quality of people in place to meet their current and future business priorities. Therefore talent...
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...Trade Liberalization and the Protection of the Right to Health 44 2.3. Scope of the Right to Health 54 2.4. Brief Overview of State Intervention Theory 59 2.5. States Duty towards the Fulfilment of the Right to Health 65 2.6. Legislative and Institutional Regulations Protecting the Right to Health in Nigeria 73 2.6.1. The International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 1966 76 2.6.2. The African Charter on Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR) 78 2.6.3. The International Health Regulations, 2005 81 2.6.4. The Nigerian Constitution 82 2.7. Conclusion 83 Chapter 3 State Intervention in the Negative Effects of Trade in Crude Oil and Natural Gas in Nigeria on the Right to Health 84 3.1. Introduction 84 3.2. Brief History of the Nigerian Crude Oil and Natural Gas Sector 86 3.2.1. Liberalisation of Trade in the Crude Oil and Natural Gas Sector 89 3.2.2. The Negative Effects of Trade in Crude Oil and Natural Gas on the Right to Health in the...
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...Impact of Nigeria's Bilateral Investment Agreements in Oil and Gas on the Right to Health and the Right to a Healthy Environment: A Case Study of the Niger Delta” Full Name of Student (Your student registration number) A XXXXXXXXXXX DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENT OF DEGREE OF XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX UNIVERITY Declaration I hereby declare that research thesis is my original work and has never been used presented for any degree or diploma in any university or institution. Where material is obtained from published or unpublished works, this has been fully acknowledged by citation in the main text and inclusion in the list of references. Table of Contents Declaration 2 Table of Contents 3 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 11 1.1 Background of the study 11 1.2 Statement of the Problem 27 1.2 Research Aims 29 1.3 Research Objectives 30 1.4 Research Questions 31 1.5 Justification of the Research 32 1.6 Research Methodology 42 1.6.2 Research design 45 1.6.2 Target population 45 1.6.3 Sampling 46 1.6.4 Data collection 46 1.6.5 Data presentation 46 1.7 Definition of terms 46 1.8.2 Environment 47 1.8.3 The right to health and the right to a healthy environment...
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...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY For decades now, Nigeria has been experiencing disappointing performance in terms of growth in gross domestic product (GDP) and the general development of her economy. As a result, there’s no improvement in the level of poverty. In the 90s, came the era of globalization which connotes external opening and increased role of markets domestically (i.e. the market economy). To the developing world, market economy is a modern way of turning the economy around. The essence of globalization is to move the economy towards external liberation, focusing on market oriented economic system, export-led strategy and stabilization of the economy. In Nigeria, it was the era of structural adjustment programme in collaboration with the IMF and World Bank. The governments in the developing world, believes that it is more desirable to globalize which simply means to open up the economy and penetrate international markets. In time past, the world economy has undergone a fundamental shift towards an integrated and coordinated global division of labour in production and trade. In the 1950s and 1960s, productions were within national boundaries. The increase of oil prices in the late 1970s and the contractionary monetary policies of the United States during 1979 and 1982 period led to the increased interest rates and consequently indebted developing countries found they unable to service their debts. Continual refinancing was the only...
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