...Civil society organizations and NGOs have had a negligible influence on the governance of peace and security Civil society is the set of diverse groups and social organizations that are strong enough to provide protection and autonomy to individuals from the hegemonic and authoritarian tendencies of states. (Human Security Centre, 2005) Major dimensions in peace building process can be identified as: * Political and Institutional: respecting and strengthening state reform, good governance and democratization * Military and Security: Protection, demobilization, disarmament, demilitarization. * Social: basic needs and amenities, attention to the most vulnerable groups. * Economic: re-establish a stable macro-economic framework, reactivate the supply, demand & the local markets, and promote structural reforms. * Environmental: ensure a sustainable management and access of the natural resources Roles of civil society and NGOs in global governance for peace and security are: * Collect, disseminate and analyze information * Provide input to agenda-setting and policy development processes; * Perform operational functions * Assess social conditions and monitor compliance with peace and security agreements * Advocate social justice The Civil society and NGOs are crippled and have less say in the governance of peace and security because of the following reasons (DAC, 1997): * The functioning of the NGOs will be more effective...
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...Assignment 5: Persuasive Paper Part 3: Possible Disadvantages, Answers, with Visuals Strayer University August 31, 2014 The topic of taxation is a very controversial subject. Due to its complexity, people from the left to the right have objected to it. There was a time when the federal government was funded only with revenue from imported products. A little bit of history informs us that income tax started in 1861 with the Civil War, when congress passed a bill required everyone to pay three percent of their income starting at $600 to $10,000 each year (Boortz & Linder, 2005). Since the end of Civil War, the battle began to get rid of the income tax. The truth is that the tax takes money off our pockets. But, I proposed that tax increase on income $ 250,000.00 or more per year because that will decrease taxation on the lower income levels, and increase revenue to the government to fight budget and reduce the national debt. As stated above, income tax was a battle in 1896 and continues to be a battle in 2012. The Sixteenth Amendment of the US Constitution was born to collect revenue from American workers, and that was a fight between Democrats and Republican over income taxation. Due to a 2% tax in 1894, the two major political parties took the fight all the way to the US Supreme Court with a question about the constitutionality of that law. The Supreme Court ruled that the income tax was unconstitutional. As a response to that ruling, Joseph Bailey a democratic senator...
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...Running head: A new deal to recovery From Boom to Depression HIS105: Contemporary U.S. History May 10, 2012 From Boom to Depression The period after the civil war was a time of physical, economic, social, political and geographical reconstruction for the United States of America. The nation had experienced mark destruction by the civil war. Slaves were now emancipated and must be considered. These events were marked turning points for the country. Of these turning points, the social security act and the 19th amendment were most influential in that they initiated an act of government that is still practiced today. 1. Identify at least (2) two major historical turning points in the period under discussion. The 19th Amendment The woman’s fight for their own equality and for others was not an easy one. It can be traced as far back to the first woman’s right convention in Seneca Falls, New York in July of 1848. It was here that the woman suffrage movement was launched and the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) was born. Some of the key sponsors for the launch were courageous women such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia. Contributors to the movement were also abolitionists, whose goals at the time were to include equal rights for all, including that of the Negro male. In 1870, their fight was partially won with the passage of the 15th amendment to the Constitution, thus giving the Negro male the right to vote. The passing of the...
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...Ronald Reagan. These policies are mainly connected to trickle-down economics. There are four pillars that are associated with the economic policy of Reagan and they include: reduce government economic regulation, reduce growth of how much the government spends, reduce the marginal tax rates such as capital gains tax and income tax and lastly reduce the level of inflation by controlling money supply growth. These four policies were expected to increase investment and savings, balance the U.S. budget, reduce inflation, increase the economic growth rate, restore healthy financial markets and reduce interest rates. However, instead of bringing benefit to the U.S. population and the economy, Reaganomics ended up destroying the middle class and America. This is because it led to uneven distribution of wealth, wage disparity, unregulated economic activity, increased deficits and low-end jobs. The following is an analysis of how Reaganomics negatively impacted the middle class and the Americans. Majority of Americans welcomed the idea that was presented to them by their President Ronald Regan in the 80s whereby he made a policy of cutting down taxes for corporations, businesses and the investors who are the rich in order to stimulate economic growth and to create jobs for the youths and the poor in the society (Chafe 110). American citizens were told that Reaganomics will better the economy but that did not happen instead those who were mainly affected in a negative way were the...
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...confirm the fears of the nation. Compounding the problems is an elderly populace and increasing deficit problem, a growing segment of government spending apportioned to interest expenditures and entitlements for the upcoming years resulting in plunging government's prolific investments and pushing out private shares. The deliberation of this paper is centered on how and why the U.S.’s deficit, surplus, and debt influences on the taxpayers, impending social security and Medicare users, the unemployed, University of Phoenix students, America’s financial reputation on a global scale, national (export) automotive manufacturer, Import of Italian clothing company, and gross domestic product (GDP). The near term objectives of the paper to convey information as complete glaze of US fiscal policy and how the current fiscal policy influences the nation. American taxpayers play a major role in the economy; this is why there is so much commotion about the millions of immigrants who do not pay taxes. The role of a taxpayer and the role of the economy go hand in hand. Many Americans are affected by paying taxes, but deficits can cause tax increases each year, consequently decreasing the amount of money used to support oneself and family. During a surplus, taxes usually decrease allowing the economy to take advantage of the additional capital. The actions the government takes to fight the deficit will determine the future for our grandchildren. The...
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...China’s Influence in the Americas: Potential Consequences facing the United States, Brazil &Venezuela Abstract This research seeks to examine the strategic implications facing the United States of America’s due to its benign interest in the Caribbean and Latin America (Americas) given the People’s Republic of China (China) increasing economic interest in the region. It is intended to first define the current security environment of the Americas and the relations between Brazil and Venezuela with that of the United States of America (United States) and China. Thereafter, China’s economic and domestic agenda in the Americas will be examined with hypotheses of the emerging global power potential growth success, challenges or possible collapse in her foreign policy. The likely consequences facing Brazil, Venezuela and the United States will also be examined. The assessment will be done across a continuum of China’s realized economic growth, development of hostile relations due to competition for scarce energy sources or possible collapse due to the country’s internal problems. Finally, the research seeks to encourage proactive thinking by the United States on China’s increasing political and military influence in the region and its possible underlying agenda of becoming the next global super power or hegemony. Introduction A general perception persists in the Caribbean and Latin America that the United States is disinterested in the security of the region with...
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...it has lead to current events in today’s society. Our federal government played a pivotal role in those drastic changes beginning with the Civil War on April 12, 1861 to the end of the Civil Right era in 1968. Within our history, there have been so many changes to the authority of how the political, social, and economic structures were crucial in developing our federal government in the United States. The first of the four examples that I will talk about in this paper is the Civil War and the freeing of the slaves. The Civil War was one of the most unpleasant disagreements recorded in our history. The Civil War began after Abraham Lincoln was elected to be our sixteenth president of United States. He was against slavery, and formed the Confederate States of America that consisted over fifty major battles and five thousand minor battles. When President Lincoln designed the Emancipation Proclamation, it was to help see slaves be free and have their freedom to work throughout the world. John Hope Franklin stated, “If it was a humanitarian document, it gave hope to millions of Negroes that a better day lay ahead, and it renewed the faith of thousands of crusaders who had fought long to win freedom in America." It was a social change, as the African American’s believed it could encourage full citizenship and inclusion into their country of birth as well. This was an understanding of the social issues of slavery and discrimination was relating to race and how it divided our nation....
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...sociological imagination as "the vivid awareness of the relationship between experience and the wider society"(Mills, 1959). This important sociological principle is “the ability to see the impact of social forces on individuals; especially on their private lives” (Scheible, 2013). Thorpe establishes her aversion for illegal immigration not because of the effect it has on America but because of the hardships it forces the immigrants to suffer. The author witnessed the impact of social forces on Marisela as each of her friends was accepted into universities. Marisela had to feign her enthusiasm, knowing she would not qualify for the same opportunities because of her legal status (Thorpe, 2009, 45). Thorpe used the sociological imagination to understand the internal pressures of Marisela’s status. By imaging how the social burdens of Marisela’s status affected her, Thorpe saw how it impacted Marisela’s private life. In addition, when Yadira’s mother was arrested for using a fake Social Security card, Thorpe looked into how this affected Yadira, and realized that Yadira was not recognized as “[existing] in the eyes of officialdom” (Thorpe, 2009, 137). By applying C. Wright Mills’ definition of social imagination, Thorpe was able to visualize the internal conflicts caused by the social pressures on Yadira. * The rational choice theory has many applications to the decisions of Marisela in Just Like Us. Marisela used rational choice to determine that she should indeed invite her...
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...ABSTRACT The Great Depression was a low time in the economic history of the United States. During this time, the economy, in the United States, hurt the general welfare of citizens. The result of the Great Depression was the New Deal. This New Deal shaped an essential and deep-seated change in the role and composition of the federal government in the United States. This caused the federal government to take a much larger role in supporting general welfare programs, but the states would retain some control in the management of these programs. The federal and shared states’ parts of the general welfare system were distinguished by unfriendly rules. The focus of this paper is to show how the economic climate of the times and the federal response shifted the way Americans perceived the government. This paper closes with the results of the New Deal and how it shaped the future economic aspects of America. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE I. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………4 II. PROGRAMS DESIGNED TO COMBAT UNEMPLOYMENT……….4 III. PROGRAMS DESIGNED TO BOOST THE HOUSING MARKET…..7 IV. PROGRAMS DESIGNED TO IMPROVE TH GENERAL WELFARE………………………………………………………………8 V. CONCLUSION………………………………………………………….9 VI. REFERENCES…………………………………………………………..10 ...
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...Director-General for Policy Planning and Statistical Research and Training Institute reports Japan's total population in 2011 was 127.80 million and total density measured 343 persons per square kilometer in 2010. Japan has endured many trial and tribulations has a country, having to rebuild after wars and conflict. During the fourteen century short lived imperial rulers, followed by a new government established by the Ashikaja family, lasting for two centuries. (Sccnet, 1998) This was a time of great prosperity, following the way of the warrior, Bushido, the way of the warrior Japan feudalism hierarch after more than 265 years of consolidation, Japan was cut off from the rest of the world. There was a hierarchical order of society with strict social class divisions between the samurais, peasants, merchants, and artisans. Tokugawa family seized power in 1603. The Tokugawa’s ruled for fifteen...
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...Ageism in America: The Elderly Tommy Brooks SOCW 230 Social Welfare History October 5, 2012 Ageism in America: The Elderly In this paper I will look at the concept of old age. I will take a brief look back through history at how society viewed the elderly. Starting in the 1500’s in England, here I will look at the life expectances and the way it fluctuated. I will take a brief look at the life expectancy of women in France in the 1700’s. This will show how age accounted for a significant minority of the populations across the world. The elderly have been categorized throughout history. By the early modern periods the concept of old age was accompanied by a long list of expectations. These included: experience, social, and cultural signals, within which consisted socially constructed markers: gender, social class, and individual life experiences. Other signs were physical: hunched back, lameness, deafness, toothlessness, balding or graying hair, and just plan grumpy and frail. I will give a brief look at how the elderly were perceived at times negative and even vicious. Back to where the elderly women were viewed as wise and nurturing elderly mothers. Here we will see where the age of sixty was widely associated with the onset of old age. Then we will move into the time of the first settlers in America. It’s true at this time as it was in Europe, the elderly men and women constituted a miniscule proportion of the white population. Then I will begin a journey into...
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...Celebrity Marketing In the Cold War Christopher Sigler History 328 Dr. Reaves March 11, 2014 Post World War II America was a period of massive economic growth in America. Despite a brief economic recession from 1946 to 1947, the years following World War II saw the United States become the world super power that it is today. From 1940 to 1950 the American Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased 50% from $200,000 million to $300,000 million1 and by 1955 sixty percent of Americans identified as middle-class2. The exponential economic growth and social class shift during this period created several important changes to American culture. Many American families now possessed excess money; Money that was spent on single-family homes, entertainment, appliances, and cars, items that the general public could not afford before this period. The result of the influx of money not only changed the American family forever, but the marketing strategies used by companies as well. As Americans began to place a heavier value on entertainment, movie stars, actors, and other celebrities began to have a prominent influence on society. Post war-prosperity and the economic boom during the early cold war began the American, and eventually global culture of celebrity marketing. To understand the United States rise to a world superpower one must look at the aftermath of the widespread war of World War II. World War II was a global war that involved thirty nations and claimed the lives of...
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...“Thrift: The Rebirth of a Forgotten Virtue” by Daniel Akst is absolute because America and American’s have been struggling with debt for over 50 years and refuse to be thrifty because of its “negative connotation” (Akst, p.510). Akst defines thrift as not spending money, however, many Americans interprets this word as being a cheapskate (Askt, p.510). Unfortunately, because of the materialistic society that we live in, people tend to judge others based on their phones, handbags, cars, and houses. Which is why just last year, there were only 24% of Americans living debt free (Akst, p.510). Throughout the article, Akst provides his readers with an abundance of facts, history, and personal experience. He digs back into American history and explains...
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...Assignment 1.1 CJ1220 Jonathan Ihnen 6 December 2011 Abstract In this paper I will be discussing the three components of the Criminal Justice System and three main functions of each. I will also explain how the creation of the Department of Homeland Security changed the structure of federal law enforcement along with whether or not its creation enhanced or hindered the coordination of federal law enforcement efforts. Assignment 1.1 The American Criminal Justice System is a large and complex system consisting of many different people trying to complete many different tasks. As complex and sometimes confusing the system is, it can be broken down into three main parts. Those parts are: Police, Courts, and Corrections. Each part has very distinct roles. The roles of the police are to serve as the initial contact an offender has with the criminal justice system. The police are charged with maintain civil and social order. They also investigate wrong doings and make an arrest. After arrest, the offender then moves into the second part of the criminal justice system, the courts. The courts are where the offender is allowed to argue in his/her defense. In America, we offer the right to an attorney provided by the state, if the offender cannot afford a private one. The judge, or jury, will hear the case and all arguments by the prosecution and the defense, and then make a ruling. If the offender is found “not guilty,” he/she is released from the criminal justice...
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...Nolan Higdon History – 121 July 22, 2014 Final Report When America came out of WW II it was the greatest power country in the world. America had created the most powerful Navy and Air Force, and accounted for most of the world’s manufacturing capacity 1}. New institutions were created that promise goals with that of the United Nations and World Bank. The leaders all felt that security in the Nation depended on the security of Europe and Asia with America growing globally in the economic Reconstruction 2}. The containment and Truman doctrine played the role President Roosevelt thought America should remain friendly with the Soviet Union after WW II. This only seemed that the two most powerful nations would at some point have a conflict 3}. That confrontation began during the cold war in the Middle East. You see after WW II ended Soviets began taking over parts of Northern Iran, with plans of bullying the country into letting them into their oil fields 4}. In 1946, American diplomat George Kennan informed the Truman administration that you can’t deal with the Soviet government in a normal way, Kennan felt the Russians couldn’t be moved from controlling eastern Europe 5}. In his message that would become known as the containment, which the U.S said they would prevent anymore expansion of power in the Soviet Union. With the Truman doctrine and America convinced, that Stalin couldn’t be trusted, America took full responsibility of providing leadership to the rest of the...
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