...The Effects of Globalization and Neoliberalism on African Societies Globalization and neoliberalism are concepts that can be applied to the analysis of any aspect of modern day society. Social life in a particular area is filled with the constant spread of ideas, practices and beliefs due largely to globalization. This paper will provide an in depth view on the effects Globalization and neoliberalism has had on culture and development in African societies. Within Africa lies various intricate backgrounds from its colonialism roots to the shift towards globalization in the effort to promote development. Exposing the dynamics of globalization as well as its impact on African societies will lead to a better understanding of the relationship between Africa and the international community. Globalization, as defined by Held et al. , sees the issue “as a process (or set of processes) which embodies a transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions--assessed in terms of their extensity, intensity, velocity and impact--generating transcontinental or interregional flows and networks of activity, interaction and the exercise of power.” (Held et al. 2004: 68), It involves the increased interaction between nations and the exchange of ideas, practices, relations and organization. (Ritzer 2008:574). One must be aware that the theory of globalization can be expressed through economic terms as well as sociologically. The...
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...Introduction Globalization, widely recognised as a positive influence, is actually harming the socioeconomic development of the majority of African and developing countries, it has contributed to their decline in all sectors of the economy. Before further elaboration, it is fundamental to define the term ‘’globalization’’. Globalization is defined by the United Nations Poverty and Development Division, as “an increasing interaction across national boundaries that affects many aspects of life: economic, social, cultural and political” (Chanboracheat, 2012, p.1). However, “While many people warmly welcome these integrations, there are some who raise doubts over its benefits for developing countries” (Chamboracheat, 2012, p.1). The benefits of globalization are fairly widely recognized: a) decrease in technological differences, b)knowledge and information become accessible to all, c) the rights of nature and animals are more protected than before and d) nations of the world become more interdependent. Sports, entertainment of all kinds reinforce cohesion and reconciliation between different nationalities. Countries suffering from natural or human disasters quickly receive support from other countries etc. This support alleviate the suffering of victims, and man becomes a citizen of the world. However, if one does a cost-risk and profit-effect analysis, what can be said to the overall effect of globalization? Is it positive? Is it negative? Globalization, as it exist today...
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... Index Introduction 3 Main Body 3-6 What is globalization 3-4 The rise of globalization and the effects on the "global village" 5 Effects on Africa and developing countries 6 Conclusion 7-8 Bibliography 9 Introduction This paper aims to firstly discuss what is the globalization and then to look at the effect that it has on the “global village” and mostly on poor countries such as countries inside the Africa’s continent. These topics are raised as we discuss globalization as an economic culture and a source of conflict due to the imperative change in methods of production and consumption. What is globalization? There are a lot and different proposed definition of globalization as "the set of processes of global and regional integration" currently underway at the global level . One of the most successful definitions of “globalization” is the one given by the English sociologist Anthony Giddens . according to which the term refers to "the intensification of worldwide social relations which are able to link really distant localities, making sure that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa". Giddens believes that globalization has the characteristics typical of modernity , including the idea of the nation state, the capitalist economy, the division of labor and militarism. Globalization is thus essentially an expansion of the western Europe modernity and way...
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...examples of the effects of decentering of culture by the Europeans in Africa. Introduction As the western world began strengthening its military, communication, and developing naval technology, its new focus was conquering civilizations in the New World and decentering their culture. The Europeans were determined to pose their will on the weaker civilizations and claim these territories as part of their own. Analyze and interpret the following quotation: “Worldwide, non-Western cultures faced fundamental challenges to their cultural identities—not so much a recentering of culture but a decentering of culture. The late 19th and early 20th century produced western cultures that inherited modern technology, communication, and a strong military presence. The growth of these western cultures both politically and economically influenced other cultures. As the western cultures continued to strengthen, other cultures began to fear the power the western cultures were gaining. The non-Western cultures did not want to circum to these Western cultures because they had their own values and own way of thinking. The non-Western cultures were not ready for a decentering of their own culture which ultimately would have these cultures losing their identities. (Agatucci, 2010) In the later nineteenth century and early twentieth century, what would a “decentering” of culture have meant for a given cultural group? Globalization in the nineteenth...
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...introduction encompasses the meaning of Regional Integration and Globalization, the second part trying to examine the notion whether regional integration and globalization compliment or contradict each other and the last part provides general view on the notion. Regional Integrations refers to the process where by political actors in several distinct National settings are persuaded to shift their loyalties, expectations and political activities towards a new Centre, whose institutions possess or demands jurisdiction over pre-existing national state (Haas 1968:16). Under these perspective integrations involves the process through state surrender sovereignty freely to the new political entity purposely to cooperate in achieving political, social and economic goals. As Linderberg 1971:46 proclaimed that regional integrations does not emphasize only in the political dimension but also take place in the field of economics, security and environment. There are five stages which are necessary for any regional integration to pass through these are; Free trade areas, custom unions, Common Market , Common Currency and Political Union. The few examples of regional integration in Africa and Europe are as follows Southern Africa Development Community (SADC), Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Economic Community of Western Africa States (ECOWAS) , European Union (EU), North Atlantic Free Trade Area(NAFTA). Globalization, refers to the process in which the production and financial...
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...During the course of AAA 412, there was a major focus on what is next for Africa. Many classes the chronical the journey of Africa, and discuss Africa as a war torn continent, that all major powers in the world want control over because of the vast amount of resources. However, this class talked about the advantages that Africa has, and the possibilities that are ahead for its people and its citizens. This class specifically discussed West Africa and the unique challenges that it has faced and continues to face. However, it was not all doom and gloom, it presented a picture of hope for Africa, and presented solutions to their problems. This is what I found to be most compelling over the course of the class. The idea that Africa, and specifically West Africa, possibly can move past colonialism, imperialism, war, and poverty, to...
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...Impact of Globalization on the Health Sector in South Africa After the Apartheid era, massive inequalities in income, health status, access to health care and other social services continued to dominate in South Africa. The Apartheid era was a system of racial segregation that was implemented in South Africa from 1948 to 1994. Due to colonization, whites had ruled South Africa for several centuries, which resulted in the creation of a system that was constructed to serve as a legal framework for continued economic and political dominance by people of European descent (WHO 2003: Antiretroviral Therapy). The apartheid era came to an end as a consequence of both inner and global pressure and South Africa’s new democratic government. The new government claims that improving the access to health care is a main priority noting, “emphasis should be placed on reaching … the most vulnerable” (Department of Health 1997:13). Giving access to health care is becoming an even greater challenge. South Africa was, and is still facing an exploding HIV/AIDS epidemic that, if anything, is highly associated with health care demands. Today, there are more than 5.3 million people living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa, this accounts for more than 21.5% of the entire population (CIA World Fact book: 2006). This paper aims to understand how the health care sector has dealt with the challenges faced in dealing with immense inequalities and a growing epidemic in the context of globalization. Furthermore...
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...* What is Vietnam doing in Burundi? Abstract Viettel is a mobile provider from Vietnam, is operating in more than one country in Africa and has a 95 percent market share in Burundi. In this paper I will review different effects of globalization. With globalization I mean the international integration of markets in goods, services and capital. Further, I will outline the different choices of market entries. Finally, I will develop a conceptual framework which could be used to analyse the strategic move of Viettel to operate in Burundi. Introduction In summer 2013, I visited Burundi for two weeks with a group of young people. We had raised a charity fund and were now operating and realizing our targets. One thing I noticed when I was there, were the many advertisements for Viettel (a provider of a mobile network) and the large amount of people who have got a mobile phone or smartphone. And this was impressive, because it is one of the poorest countries in the world. So I have been looking for the provider Viettel, which was the dominant provider there and found a recent news article with the following title: “Vietnam's Viettel Wins Mobile Operator License in Burundi” (Davis, 2014). It says that the Vietnam’s military owned mobile network operator Viettel has won a mobile operator licence in the African country of Burundi according to local news reports. It states that a holding company, Viettel Burundi will own 95% of the mobile network. On the occasion of this news,...
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...Over time, globalization has contributed to the economical aspects of Global North and Global South. While every country in the world hopes to economically benefit from globalization, the Global South wasn’t getting there. Economic globalization has helped integrate many countries into the global trade market. Countries in the Global North such as China and India have benefitted greatly by opening up their trade market. This provided people with job opportunities and higher incomes. But while the countries of the Global North continue to economically increase of because of trade market, the demand for imports and exports from the Global South become inevitable. As the Global North demand for more resources from the Global South, countries of the Global South don’t benefit from the situation. Countries such as Africa and Uganda have their resources exploited and continue to suffer from economic globalization. Within decades, globalization has continuously benefited the Global North. Countries such as China and India are great examples. Meredith, Hoppough, and Basu all explained the prosperity that the people have received from globalization. Economic globalization allowed China and India to create more business while providing more job opportunities for many people with the idea of higher wages. However, poverty rates continued to decline. According to Meredith and Hoppough, over 200 million people in China escaped poverty in the 1990s due to globalization. But not only did...
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... 6 - 8 1.3 Issues in IT ……………………………………… 9 1.4 Negative effects of IT ……………………………………… 10 - 13 1.5 Positive effects of IT ………………………………………. 14 - 17 1.6 Conclusion ………………………………………. 18 - 19 1.7 References ………………………………………. 20 - 22 1.0 Abstract The main goal of this document is to examine the IT (Information Technology) revolution and the concept of globalization as they effect developing countries. Globalization as one of the reasons for possible widening of the gap between the poor and the rich nations was examined and the emerging concept of "digital slavery" was carefully evaluated. The wide gap in availability and use of ITs across the world and the influences ITs exert on globalization at the expense of developing countries were carefully examined and suggestions and necessary policies were offered for developing countries to leap-frog the industrialization stage and transform their economies into high value-added information economies that can compete with the advanced countries on the global market. This is why it is important for Africa, in general, in particular, to...
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...The Europeans were determined to impose their will on these smaller and weaker nations claim them and incorporate them as a part of their own new territories. These non-Western cultures were not ready for a decentering of their own culture which ultimately would have these cultures losing their identities. Yet we see where the western cultures were continually gaining strength over other cultures and they began to fear the power the western cultures; smaller and weaker nations found themselves and the civilization that they once knew to be fading and they were being incorporated into the European traditions. (Agatucci, 2010) Of the many cultures that suffered from this decentering frozen in fear of change and lacked of development was Africa; this change was believed to be growth by Europeans and...
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...Sciences ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Behavioral Sciences! Task 1: Anthropology! July 20, 2014! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 Behavioral Sciences Globalization is not a new concept. It is a historical phenomenon that has been going on since ancient civilizations began to expand their territories. Globalization can be defined as the free movement of goods, services and people across the world in a seamless and integrated manner. (managementstudyguide.com, 2013) In this paper I will discuss two different examples of how native non western cultures have been impacted by globalization.! A. ! I chose to discuss the impact that a major food chain ,McDonalds, has had on the culture in China. McDonalds appeared in China in 1990, at this time there weren't many western food restaurants. (Griffith, 2008) The income level was low, but McDonalds set its prices relatively high, establishing itself as a high end restaurant. White collar workers chose to dine there, thus making McDonalds a fashionable hot spot. McDonalds is also very geared towards children. Due to the one child policy in China, parents dote and at times give in excess to their child, making McDonalds very successful. McDonald’s high prices made dinning there for the average Chinese citizen a luxury, and was valued as a special occasion. ! I chose to discuss the impact of Christianity on Africa for my second topic. The traditional African society believed in the existence of many Gods, where all objects had a separate creator...
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...Globalization "Globalization" is a term that came into mainstream use in the 1980's to portray the expanded development of individuals, information and thoughts, and merchandise and cash crosswise over national outskirts that has prompted expanded interconnectedness among the world's populaces, monetarily, politically, socially and socially. Globalization as a concept refers both to the compression of the world and intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole both concrete global interdependence and consciousness of the global whole in the twentieth century (Robertson, 1992: 8). Despite the fact that globalization is regularly considered in monetary terms (i.e., "the worldwide commercial center"), this methodology has numerous social and political ramifications too. A lot of people in nearby groups partner globalization with modernization (i.e., the change of "conventional" social orders into "Western" industrialized ones). At the worldwide level, globalization is considered regarding the difficulties it postures to the part of governments in universal issues and the worldwide economy. There are warmed verbal confrontations about globalization and its sure and negative impacts. "Friedman realized early that to write intelligently about world economics he needed to make himself an expert in six tightly integrated domains that are usually reported separately: financial markets, politics, culture, national security, technology, and the environment" (Brand, 2002, Introduction...
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...The Impact of Globalization on Native Non-Western Cultures Kimberly Adams Western Governors University Issues in Behavioral Science GLT1 February 17, 2014 The Impact of Globalization on Native Non-Western Cultures Most of the Western World enjoys the effects globalization and modernization has had on the many ways of life. Improved economic situations and governments, advancements in technology and travel, improvements in health care and the control of disease, and the improved methods of communication and obtaining information. With all these advances available to hopefully enrich lives, it is no wonder that many believe that these same elements should exist in every part of the world. Globalization and modernization have been a part of the world’s history for centuries, and can be considered both good and bad, depending of how one would want to choose to live their own life. In most of the world, globalization and modernization mostly seem to be a part of history, of how that part of world changed with the inventions of new technology, and ideas. In some countries, change was not wanted or needed, but rather imposed, mostly by conquering forces that desired control of the land for economic gain. The impact of globalization and modernization are more evidently seen when analyzing native non-western cultures that seem to be trying to hold on to the values and traditions of their past, whilst also engaging in the activities more typical of western culture. Somalia...
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...ASSIGNMENT WEEK 2 Globalization in the twentieth and twenty first century is usually analyzed from an economic or technological perception, that is the internet, international markets and global institutions such as IMF, WTO cable news etc. The impact of globalization on the economies of countries across the world whether developed or developing cannot be over emphasized. An important ingredient in globalization is trade liberalization. . Economic liberalization is the process of achieving unobstructed economic activities, it seeks to remove all hindrances to trade, production and investment, whiles emphasizing on the freedom of economic activities (Onyekpe, 2001:52, Akinboye, 2008). In this light I will want to associate myself with the argument brought forward by Peter Mandelson in support of globalization. Globalization can be described as a “double edged sword”. Countries and companies which are prepared can take advantage of the opportunities that it brings on the other hand, globalization is not ready to “forgive” countries or companies who are not prepared to take the dynamics of globalization. Even the developed countries in Europe and the USA cannot afford to be complacent in the face of globalization. Peter Mandelson has done a good job in explaining both positive and negative effects of globalization in his defense of globalization. Peter Mandelson analyzed the impact of globalization under six headings namely, the openness boom, the interlinked world, the challenges...
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