...Class Final: The genetics of cancer * Cancer is when mitosis goes wrong! * Cancer cells lack regulated ability to divide only when needed so they divide uncontrollably. * Hyperplasia- Beginning of cancer development; heightened cell division that can create tumor (neoplasm) * Dysplasia- The change in cells/tissue * Cancer cells go from being complex to primitive—which means cancer cells lose their shape, size and ability to function like normal cells * Cancer originates due to mutations within the DNA, in sequence of nucleotides of genes * Malignant tumors and neoplasms are referred to as cancer; benign neoplasms are NOT cancer * In situ tumors- Precurser to cancer/ precancerous * Very dangerous tumor cells (what’s detected in screenings) Causes of cancer: 1. If there’s mutation in the Proto-oncogenes (tumor suppressor genes), which code for proteins and regulates mitosis… then there will definitely be problem with normal cell division. 2. Carcinogens are substances or physical agents that lead to development of cancer when body is exposed to them. 3. General mutations due to internal/external factors can cause cancer. a. Internal factors- errors in DNA replication; Free radicals; errors in protein synthesis b. External factors- Infectious agents (bacteria/viruses); pollution and chemicals in environment; Radiation (sun); medical treatment (chemo); Lifestyle factors (diet, tobacco) Benign vs. Malignant ...
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...Nutrition Outline 05-05-2012 Heart Disease I. Introduction: In America, Heart Disease is one of the leading causes of death. I will discuss what Heart Disease is and ways to prevent and treat heart disease, as well as what contributes to Heart Disease and why it is important to prevent it. A. What is Heart Disease? 1. Heart disease is a broad term used to describe a range of diseases that affect your heart. The various diseases that fall under the umbrella of heart disease include diseases of your blood vessels, such as coronary artery disease; heart rhythm problems; heart infections; and heart defects you're born with (congenital heart defects). 2. Heart disease symptoms vary, depending on what type of heart disease you have. II. What causes Heart Disease? A. Risk Factors of Heart Disease 1. Age: Simply getting older increases your risk of damaged and narrowed arteries and weakened or thickened heart muscle, which contribute to heart disease. Sex: Men are generally at greater risk of heart disease. However, the risk for a woman increases after menopause. Family history: A family history of heart disease increases your risk of coronary artery disease, especially if a parent developed it at an early age. Smoking: Nicotine constricts your blood vessels, and carbon monoxide can damage their inner lining, making them more susceptible to atherosclerosis. Heart attacks are more common in smokers than in nonsmokers...
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...Popular Press Nutrition Claim: Heart disease is not caused by a high saturated fat intake as there has never been concrete evidence that supports the idea. Many studies have focused on the relationship between saturated fats increasing cholesterol levels and ultimately leading to heart disease. However the theory came about from the results found when giving herbivorous animals an increased amount of saturated fats in their diet (Rosch 2008). Since this theory came about from this experiment it has just been believed to be true despite the fact that it wasn’t even based off of an experiment involving humans. Such negative results can be understood to be caused by the fact that as herbivores their saturated fat intake is relatively low as they don’t consume other animal protein which contains a fair amount of saturated fat whereas most human as omnivores do. Rather than realize that the increased introduction of something that isn’t a main part of the diet in any species is bound to have negative effects the idea has been promoted by those with power that bring profit to others who help promote it (Rosch 2008). For as long as the saturated fat heart disease relationship has been studied throughout various populations around the world countless contradictions to the original theory have been found however often times such conflicting data get ignored to make the original theory appear more true than it is in reality (Rosch 2008). Moreover opponents with experiments and claims...
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...Nutritional Health Name Professor Institution Course Date It is widely accepted that diet and nutrition are fundamental to health, and that the food consumed today carries profound implication for the risk of disease (Carr, 2005). Consecutively, to get and sustain adequate wellbeing, individuals must consume a wholesome diet on regular basis. Besides nutrition, lifestyles too take part in determining health of an individual. Of meticulous apprehension is inactive way of life that has led to emergency of diet related diseases. Currently, there are numerous cases of heart ailments since of sedentary way of life and this is common in U.S. Sound nutrition throughout life does not ensure fine health and long life, except it can certainly help to tip the steadiness in their favor. Nevertheless, some people choose food for reasons other than their nourishing value (Whitney, 2011). Taste and preference for certain foods make people go for them for example sweetness of sugar and gusto of salt. Research indicates that genetics influence people’s taste partiality and routine dictates food option. The choice of food will determine the health status of a person. Diet influence occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in that it can affect lipoprotein amount in blood plasma and ultimately the behavior of cellular elements such as platelets. Intake of food affluent in cholesterol has been responsible for this. These foods lead to amplified intensity of plasma cholesterol (Carroll, 1989)...
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...University of Phoenix Material Health and Nutrition Worksheet Use Ch. 1, 2, & 3 of Visualizing Nutrition, supplemental course materials, the University Library, the Internet, or other resources to answer the following questions. Your response to each question should be 75 to 100 words. |What is nutrition? Why is nutrition essential to our daily lives? | |Nutrition or nourishment is the provision, to living creatures, of the materials necessary (in the form of food or supplements) | |to support life. We often don’t think of our eating habits but without proper nutrition our bodies wouldn’t be able to function | |properly. Nutrition is essential for our daily lives because it provides us with the required energy to do daily activities. | |Proper nutrition also keeps us healthy and free from diseases or other health problems. | |What is the connection between nutrition and health? | |Studies have shown that people who eat nutrient rich foods enjoy good health, longer life and a reduced risk of many diseases. | |Eating nutrient-rich foods can also help people to stay at a healthy body weight; being overweight or obese is found to be linked| |to numerous chronic diseases. If you eat properly and nutritionally you will have high energy levels and you will have less | |health...
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...According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the number of people globally who were malnourished stood at 923 million in 2007, an increase of over 80 million since the 1990-92 base period. In 2006, more than 36 million people died of hunger or diseases due to deficiencies in micronutrients; accounted for 58% of the total mortality in the same year. Under nutrition contributes to almost 35% of the estimated 7.6 million deaths under-5 deaths; consequently affecting the future health and socioeconomic development and productive potential of the society. The malnourished are unable to live a normal life, are less likely to fulfill their potential as human beings and cannot contribute fully to the development of their own countries. Nutrition is the provision of adequate energy and nutrients (in terms of amount and mix and timelines) to the cells for them to perform their physiological function of (growth, reproduction, defence, repair e.t.c). The World Health Organization defines malnutrition as "the cellular imbalance between supply of nutrients & energy and the body's demand for them to ensure growth, maintenance, and specific functions”. Malnutrition comprises both; Under nutrition and Over nutrition The World Health Organization (WHO) says that malnutrition is by far the largest contributor to child mortality globally, currently present in 45 percent of all cases. Underweight births and inter-uterine growth restrictions are responsible for about 2.2 million...
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... Health and Nutrition Worksheet Use Ch. 1, 2, & 3 of Visualizing Nutrition, supplemental course materials, the University Library, the Internet, or other resources to answer the following questions. This exercise can be used in preparation of class discussions, as well as for your personal knowledge. |What is nutrition? Why is nutrition essential to our daily lives? | |the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth. Good nutrition is an important part of leading a | |healthy lifestyle. | |What is the connection between nutrition and health? | |Good health is largely dependent on good nutrition, the body needs fuel in order to create the energy it needs for metabolism, | |elimination of wastes, and execution of its immune, digestive, cardiovascular, nervous, and respiratory systems it gets these | |from proper nutrition. | |What is the relationship between poor nutrition and disease? | |The food choices you make contain the nutrients you need to keep you alive and healthy and away from disease and malnutrition...
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...Nutrition Concepts and Controversies Introduction Nutrition can be defined as the process of absorbing nutrients from food and processing them in the body for growth, replacement of tissues, and maintenance of good health. Historically, women have been responsible for cooking and providing meals for their families. Often, that food was grown in the family garden or local community. The women may not have had much formal education, but they seemed to know, almost instinctively, what was good for their families. Life was less complex earlier in time, and fewer food choices existed. The evolution of technology and modern farming techniques has caused a great deal of change in the quality of our food. Water, soil, and air pollution are depleting our soil of vitamins essential for good health, and an increase in the amounts of food additives, chemicals, sugar, and unhealthy fats in our foods has contributed to the increase in chronic diseases present in society. Therefore, it is critical that people learn as much as they can about their nutritional needs and the connection between their diet and their health. This paper will review of basic nutrition. This paper discussed nutrients in foods and nutrients diet constituents. Further, it will cover Nutrients and the Human Genome along with emphasis on diseases associated with poor nutrition. In last, the paper will address Nutritional Challenges within Families. There are many good introductory nutrition...
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...Obesity an American Epidemic HCS/552 Karen L. Chambers University of Phoenix Monday June 4, 2012 Professor James Hamilton Obesity an American Epidemic Numerous research studies have confirmed that poor eating habits, lack of exercise and a sedentary lifestyle are the prime contributors to obesity in the US. Because of on the go life styles, fast food consumption and microwave meals, people have sacrificed their health. Instead of eating pure, wholesome foods, many people opt to eat a diet of packaged, processed and refined foods. Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to such levels that a person’s health can be negatively affected. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have ranked obesity as the number one health threat in America, with an estimated 400,000 deaths annually. (Smoking causes an estimated 440,000 deaths annually) Being simply overweight is not as dangerous as being obese. An overweight person can easily lose a few pounds by monitored diets and exercise, and usually regains a healthy body and mind. Obese people cannot accomplish this as easily, no matter how much effort is exerted. Studies conducted by researchers at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, examined three large, nationally representative surveys on food consumption conducted from 1987 to 1998. The survey collected data on what more than 63,000 people said that they ate. Salty snacks (crackers, chips, pretzels) increased from 1 ounce to...
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...Nutrition Knowledge and food consumption Submitted to: Robert Kotoviets EAC 150 FD Submitted By: Saima Masood Chowdhury ID: 059-101-105 Due date: 27 July, 2011. Nutrition has a significant role in human life. It affects our energy level, well-being and overall health in major way depending on what type of food we choose. To live a healthy life everyone should have basic nutrition knowledge, which is really important. To have nutrition knowledge may not be able to change the food behaviour all of a sudden but it will be helpful to change the food behaviour slowly. Everyone should have basic nutrition knowledge because it is necessary to change food consumption behaviour, it helps to maintain a healthy lifestyle and prevent diseases. It is really necessary to have nutrition knowledge from early age. Each day’s choices may harm people only a little but this choices continue over years and decades that’s really harmful. Nutrition knowledge is necessary to change food behaviour. If people don’t have basic knowledge about nutrition then they will not even know that what they eat every day and what they should eat. To only have knowledge about nutrition can’t change the food intake totally. People should also have that desire to follow healthy lifestyles. People who have basic knowledge, at least they will think that what typed of food they are eating every day. Suddenly they will not change their food consumption style but may be in one stage...
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...remains the most serious tropical disease, although eradication campaigns against mosquitoes waged since 1948 initially resulted in spectacular declines in incidence and a dramatic decrease in the island's mortality rate during a twenty-year period. Indeed, in some regions, especially the central highlands, these campaigns were almost completely successful, although malaria continues to be prevalent in the coastal regions, especially the east coast. As prevention practices faltered during the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s, the mosquito staged a comeback. The effect on a population with a significantly reduced resistance to malaria was devastating. For example, the Malagasy Ministry of Health reported 490,000 cases and 6,200 deaths from malaria in 1985, but these figures rose--to 760,000 cases and 11,000 deaths--in 1987. As of 1994, other serious diseases included schistosomiasis, tuberculosis, and leprosy. The prevalence of schistosomiasis, a parasitic ailment that spreads primarily through the passing of human wastes into ponds, irrigation canals, and slow-moving streams, reflects the continued lack of adequate sewage facilities, especially in the rural areas. Occasional outbreaks of bubonic plague occur in urban areas, the most recent of them in 1990. Yet Madagascar has been spared many of the diseases common in tropical countries, such as trypanosomiasis, cholera, brucellosis, and yellow fever. The occurrence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) has increased during...
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...is a basic need of human body. It is of prime importance in the attainment of normal growth and development. The role of nutrition food cannot be neglect¬ed in the promotion of health and prevention of disease. The human body can be compared to a machine, Just as an engine burns up coal or oil in order to generate its energy, so the human body requires food in order to produce the forces which keep the heart beating, the lungs breathing and the limbs moving. But the discovery of vitamins at the turn of the present century has 'rediscovered' the science of nutrition. Since then great advances have been made in the field of nutrition. Gradually, nutrition is assuming increasing importance in a country like India where nutri¬tional diseases are not only widely prevalent, but they modify the course of events of almost any clinical disorder. In recent years the influence of mal-nutrition in the area of mental retardation is being actively investigated. In the more developed countries of the world, nutritional problems are somewhat different. Over nutrition is encountered much more frequently than under nutrition. The health hazards from over nutrition are on increase in mortality and higher incidence of many diseases. So the nutrition of people throughout the world is one of the greatest international Problems of the present day. The terms food and nutrition are sometimes used synonymously, but that is not correct. Food is a composite mixture of various substances, the quantity...
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...University of Phoenix Material Health and Nutrition Worksheet Use Ch. 1, 2, & 3 of Visualizing Nutrition, supplemental course materials, the University Library, the Internet, or other resources to answer the following questions. Your response to each question should be 75 to 100 words. |What is nutrition? Why is nutrition essential to our daily lives? | |Nutrition is the study if food at work in our bodies, also a source of energy, and he medium to which our nutrients are able to | |function. Nutrition can also be considered our building blocks of life. Nutrition is essential in our daily lives because it | |applies to our living and well-being. We take in what it is that we need to help maintain our body’s healthy state. Nutrition is | |often referred to the nurturing of our body and our ability to keep it healthy and functioning as our body is supposed to. | |What is the connection between nutrition and health? | |Good health is mainly dependent upon good nutrition. Doctors are able to trace our body’s physical and emotional ailments back to| |our diet and see what vitamins and minerals our body is low on. Food went from being considered a necessity to simply saying that| |we need it to function. Having the right amount of nutrition will help to optimize our health and that by making sure our body is| |getting enough of the...
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...Material Health and Nutrition Worksheet Use Ch. 1, 2, & 3 of Visualizing Nutrition, supplemental course materials, the University Library, the Internet, or other resources to answer the following questions. This exercise can be used in preparation of class discussions, as well as for your personal knowledge. |What is nutrition? Why is nutrition essential to our daily lives? | |Nutrition is the intake of food, considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs. Nutrition is essential to keep our bodies | |functioning at an optimal level and to combat disease. | |What is the connection between nutrition and health? | |To stay healthy, your body needs the right balance of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats and protein. A person’s health is | |directly related to the way they eat. | |What is the relationship between poor nutrition and disease? | |Poor nutrition makes you susceptible to disease and all types of illnesses. . | |What does it mean to eat a balanced diet? Why is food choice important for good nutrition? ...
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...Proper nutrition is equally as important as physical activity to achieve and keep a healthy body. Following a daily healthy and nutritious diet can produce several benefits, including preventing diseases and illnesses, maintaining body weight, controlling cholesterol levels, and supporting and strengthening the body’s natural functions. First, a proper nutritious diet can help prevent disease and promote good health. According to Serena Styles in her article “5 Benefits of Proper Nutrition,” proper nutrition can reduce the risk of heart disease and Alzheimer’s disease. In order to reduce the risk of heart disease, Styles suggests a diet that is low in fats, cholesterol and sodium; such a diet would include fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy. On the other hand, consuming dark fruits (e.g. raspberries, plums, cherries, blueberries) and vegetables (e.g. broccoli, kale, spinach) as well as nuts (e.g. walnuts and almonds) aid in fighting against Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, a diet full of antioxidant-rich foods can reap several health benefits. In general, antioxidants protect the internal structure of the body and strengthen the immune system. In her article “7 Benefits of Antioxidants & How to Add Them to Your Diet,” Caroline Young indicates that antioxidants like vitamin C and vitamin E can...
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